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Peace negotiated in 1648 to end the Thirty Years' War, Europe's most destructive internal struggle over religion. The treaties contained new language recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees of security

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This was significant because this gave the women the right to vote. In the US, women were give the right to vote in 1920.

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Collapsed in 1991. This was significant because many states were created after the fall of the USSR and communism fell as well in that region. Democracy began to take over the region.

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A state of country whose three organs of state are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with tone constitutionally created legislature. powers are devolved, to an extent, to lower level governments.

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UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)

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UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)

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The international agreement that resulted for the third UNSLOS, which took place from 1973 through 1982. The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the worlds oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources.

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Port cities in China, Japan, and Korea that opened for foreign trade. A lot of western powers took advantage of these cities by stationing troops in these ports.

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A form of government in which a God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler.

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In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of propertyand attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended

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How a state is shaped. Significant because it is a factor in political disputes.

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A disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession or control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power.

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A method of decision-making in political communities, wherein power is held by independent appointed officials or by representatives elected by the legislatures or people of the member states

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The civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. This was important in the US because in 1920, women were given the right to vote.

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Term used to imply that a group, usually minority, ethnic group is a nation, and is entitled to its own state, specifically a nation-state for that nation.

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Apolitical association with effective dominion over a geographic area. It usually consists of institutions that claim authority to make rules that govern the nation

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The exclusive right to complete control over an area of governance, people, or oneself.

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The area in eastern Europe after the Soviet Union collapsed. The newly created states were referred to have "shattered" the map, and the term was created.

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A principle that explains that all people have the right to freely determine their political statue and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.

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A political term that refers to a country which is formally independdnt, but under heavy influence or control by another country. This is significant because this is what propelled the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union used military influence in countries like Ukraine, Georgia and the other countries in that region. The Soviet Union gained control of these nations and used them to their advantage.

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Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest

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Taking a divided country or region and bringing it back together

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Conflict based on religious difference

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The process of dividing something up by regions according to their similarities in specific topics.

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The process on how house of representative seats are reassigned among states to reflect population changes.

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French for "reason of being"

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A country, behaves like an organism-to survive, a state requires nourishment, or territory, to gain political power.

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Furthest north province of Canada, closest to Greenland. Created in late 90's.

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An independent country dominated by a relatively homogeneous culture group

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The branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images

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A homogenous ethnic group.

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Independent country that is very small in area and population

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A state with a very small land area or population

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An approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places

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The idea that it is the God given right of a country or people to have control of some land not yet under their control

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He made it that Human Geography is treated as a single discipline. Founded the Heartland theory which founded Geopolitics as an area of study. The heartland theory stated that the heartland of the world was between the Volga to the Yangtze and the Himalayas to the Arctic. In the heartland the world was the most populous and most rich. The Americas and England and Australia are on the periphery of the heartland. He stated that whoever controlled the heartland controlled the world.

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Held in the Ottoman Empire for most of history, it was ceded to the French after world war one, given independence in 1941. It lost with the Arab league in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. It then became the largest location for Palestinian refugees. Lebanon remains a base for the PlO in attacks o Israel and is a turbulent country with Syria pushing for control. Today it is under a UN peacekeeping mission.

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The law set forth in UNCLOS put the boundaries for territorial waters to international waters, it also created the EEZ.

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A country with no direct access to a sea or ocean.

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The position that a state should be annexed because of ethnicity of prior historical possession.

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Symbolic, ideological, and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end of the Cold War, roughly 1945 to 1991.

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Organization with international membership, scope, or presence

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A state which has inherited large amounts of immigrants.

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Refers to the central areas of a country. This is significant because areas outside of the heartland may not be accessible to the heartland. An example in the United States is the Midwestern region.

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It means that no one person or state may own or control a certain region. This is significant because this helps preserve the rain forests, oceans, and land masses.

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Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. his is used in politics to give an advantage to the political party in power.

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The study that analyzes geography,tory, and social sciencewith reference to spatial politics and patterns at various scales.

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A zone separeating two states in which neither state exercises political control. The significance is that the area between the two states is neutral

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Moving a nation's capital to another area within the state to make a statement or create economic growth.

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An internal organizationof a state that allocates most powers to units of local government. This model can be seen in the US.

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A political and economic community of twety-seven member states with supranational and intergovernmental features, located in Europe.

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A war between ethnic groups, often as a result of ethnic nationalism. There have been lots of ethnic conflicts throughout the last century

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Portion of a state that is completely surrounded by another state. This is significant because conflict may arise in this region of a state.

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Country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country

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Regions that hold seats in Parliament or Congress

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a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. This is significant, for example, in the Caspian Sea. There has been much conflict over the debate of who has control of the resources in the sea

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If one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

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Granting of powers from the central government of a state to government at national, regional, or local level

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Refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction

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processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world economy.

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Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies

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A group of states united for a common purpose

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Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory

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A sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate hinterland

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Forces within a state that unify people

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Forces within a state that divide people

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Principle city in a state or country

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an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries

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Conflicts of the location, size, and extent of borders between nations; states arguing over their boundaries and how they function

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There are two types: exclusionary, meant for keeping people out, and inclusionary, meant to facilitate trade and movement

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Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

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A legal system that was the physical speration of different races into different geographic areas

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No one owns it

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The formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation 🤬