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the term for an out-of-focus "ghost" image on a photograph

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Right click the layer in the Layers panel and choose Duplicate Image... . Go to Image → Adjustments → Posterize... and adjust the first layer to 4 levels and the second (duplicated) layer to 2 levels. Go to Filter → Filter Gallery... and select the Cutout filter.

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in computer graphics, the jagged, or saw-toothed appearance of curved or diagonal lines on a low-resolution monitor.

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JPEG artifact sare caused by compression when an image is saved in the .jpgformat.

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the distortion in an image cause by using a barrel lens. makes Image look as if it is stretched or warped

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an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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an aps-h sized box are only about 11MP, or 30% less resolution than with the 16.1MP 1D mkIV. The 1.3x crop factor is linear. Resolution is based on area. A full frame sensor has 1.67 times the area of an APS-H sensor.

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the largest image size possible within a dslr

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An image sensor is a solid-state device, the part of the camera's hardware that captures light and converts what you see through a viewfinder or LCD monitor into an image. Think of the sensor as the electronic equivalent of film.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference

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a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

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a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

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a unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

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1. a unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

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an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

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a trend in sculpture and painting that arose in the 1950s and used simple, typically massive, forms.

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art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

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new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

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a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.

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said to have been coined by Dadaist Marcel Duchamp around 1914, and his readymades have been cited as early examples of anti-art objects.

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a collection or gathering of things or people.

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allows a photographer to control the exposure in an image very easily.

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intentionally processing film in the wrong chemicals, creating interesting and unpredictable color shifts and increased contrast.

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a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light.

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a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point.

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a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam. These may be conical, cylindrical, or rectangular in shape.

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diffusers in photography. They are used either to diffuse light by reflective diffusion, or shoot-throughdiffusion. Reflective diffusion: A flash light is fired directly into the underside of a black umbrella with a white or silver lining.

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a way of lighting up a subject in an image with diffused light

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I light giving the image you are shooting a certain old rustic feel. also known as as monotone

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a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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a curve is a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture.

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a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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A ring light is a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macro photography.

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To add good miniature effect to your photographs, shoot subjects from a high angle (especially from the air). It creates the illusion of looking down at a miniature model. A camera equipped with a tilt-shiftlens, which simulates a shallow depth of field, is essentially all you need to start.

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a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. ... The process gains its common name from the Polaroid brand film, when Fuji brand film is used the process may be called Fuji transfer.

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an image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched inthe production of photogravure images.

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a photographic blueprint.

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an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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Split Lighting is one of the 5 basic lighting setups used in studio portrait photography. Split lighting at its most basic level is constructed with a single light source placed 90 degrees offset from the subject and a bit higher than eye level, lighting one half of the face, and leaving the other in shadow.

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Butterfly lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

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Loop lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek. It is a slightly directional lighting pattern - the light is not flat, but the face is still mostly illuminated.

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Broad lighting is when the subject's face is slightly turned away from centre, and the side of the face which is toward the camera (is broader) is in the light. This produces a larger area of light on the face, and a shadow side which appears smaller. Broad lighting is sometimes used for “high key” portraits.

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Rembrandt lighting is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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Short lighting is a classic portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from the side of their face that is farthest from the camera. The portion of the face that is most brightly lit is 'shorter' than if the light were positioned on the side of the face that is closest to the camera.