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XMind: The Most Popular Mind Mapping Software on The Planet.

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Introducing Xmind (2023), explore the latest version now! Download

17-year history of creating mind mapping software

Featured App 4.8 stars / 300,000+ Reviews

100+ million installations on the planet

The Winner of Most Popular Mind Mapping Tool

Unleash Your Creativity

Xmind's intuitive features give everyone the ability to spark creativity and create mind maps for just about anything.

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Think with Structures

Visual mind mapping with Xmind becomes more powerful with well-designed structures.
Explore all structures

Fishbone

Org Chart

Timeline

Treetable

Combine Multiple Structures

Break complexity with clarity

A smart combination of multiple structures on the same branch makes your mind map more cohesive and balanced especially for complex issues or large projects.

This is unique, and only in Xmind.

Outliner

Outline your thoughts hierarchically

Outliner is a dedicated view to display your thoughts in hierarchically-order. It is also a quicker way to jot down notes.
Learn more

ZEN Mode

Deep Dive into Your Flow

ZEN mode helps you stay concentrate on one mind map, eliminate distractions and be more productive.
Learn more
Learn about Enterprise Pricing

We Deeply Value Your Privacy

No monitoring. No interruption. Just focus on your thoughts, always secure and reliable.

We Don't Track

We won't collect any of your private data. We only gather system usage statistics for analytical purposes and it can be turned off anytime you like.

Ad-Free

No third-party commercial advertisement or any sponsored content. We want you to have the best user experience.

Local File Storage

We recommend having your data saved and stored locally for enhanced security and stability. Safe and sound, at your service anytime.

Enterprise customers are happy :)

From startups to Fortune 500 companies
Xmind is the best choice for teams working on any project.

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Xmind - Full-featured mind mapping and brainstorming tool.

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Xmind is the most professional and popular mind mapping tool. Millions of people use Xmind to clarify thinking, manage complex information, brainstorming, get work organized, remote and work from home WFH.

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Google Drive : stockage et sauvegarde de vos photos, de vos documents et de tous vos fichiers dans le cloud

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Stockez vos fichiers et dossiers, partagez-les avec vos collaborateurs, et travaillez dessus depuis votre appareil mobile, tablette ou ordinateur

Protections intégrées contre les logiciels malveillants, le spam et les rançongiciels

Drive peut vous donner accès à vos fichiers de façon chiffrée et sécurisée. Les fichiers partagés avec vous peuvent être analysés de façon proactive, puis supprimés en cas de détection de logiciels malveillants, de spam, de rançongiciels ou d'hameçonnage. En outre, Drive est cloud natif, ce qui élimine le recours aux fichiers locaux et réduit les risques pour vos appareils.

Applications de collaboration qui mettent l'accent sur l'humain pour optimiser le travail d'équipe

Drive s'intègre avec Docs, Sheets et Slides, des applications de collaboration cloud natives qui permettent à votre équipe de créer des contenus et de collaborer plus efficacement en temps réel.

Intégration avec les outils et applications déjà utilisés par votre équipe

Drive s'intègre avec la technologie existante et vient compléter les fonctionnalités déjà employées par votre équipe. Collaborez sur des fichiers Microsoft Office sans avoir à convertir les formats de fichier, et modifiez et stockez plus de 100 autres types de fichiers (PDF, fichiers de CAO, images, etc.).

L'AI et la technologie de Search de Google optimisent la productivité de votre équipe

Les puissantes fonctionnalités de recherche de Google sont intégrées dans Drive et garantissent vitesse, fiabilité et collaboration. D'autres fonctionnalités, telles que les chips de recherche de Drive, réduisent le temps consacré aux recherches en affichant rapidement des contenus plus pertinents.

Des milliers d'équipes utilisent déjà Drive et révolutionnent les méthodes de travail

Trouvez le forfait qui vous convient

Google Drive est intégré à Google Workspace

Tous les forfaits comprennent :

Essayer Drive au travail

Pour Personal (sans frais)

Business Standard

11,50 € EUR

par utilisateur et par mois (avec un engagement
d'un an) info Ou 13,80 € par utilisateur et par mois (avec la facturation mensuelle)

15 Go par utilisateur

2 To par utilisateur

done

done

done

done

100 participants

150 participants

remove

done

Libre-service en ligne et forums communautaires

Assistance en ligne 24h/24, 7j/7 et forums communautaires

Votre compte personnel manque d'espace de stockage ?

Google One est un abonnement payant qui vous permet d'augmenter l'espace de stockage partagé entre Google Drive, Gmail et Google Photos. De plus, Google One offre des avantages supplémentaires et peut être partagé avec les membres de votre famille.

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Plate-forme de partage de fichiers et de stockage personnel dans le cloud de Google

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Découvrez la plate-forme de partage de fichiers Google Drive, que vous pouvez utiliser comme espace de stockage personnel et sécurisé dans le cloud pour partager des contenus avec d’autres utilisateurs.

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Start planning your next creative project in Milanote.

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Collect everything in one place

Write notes & to-do lists

Simple text editing and task management make it easy to add your thoughts to a board.

Upload images & files

Milanote supports all common file types including JPGs, PDFs, Word, Excel, common design files and many more.

Save text, images & links from the web

Add notes & photos from your phone

Anything you save in the Milanote app will be ready to organize as soon as you're back at your computer.

Organize visually

Milanote's flexible drag and drop interface lets you arrange things in whatever way makes sense for your project.

Collaborate with your team

Use Milanote as your online whiteboard to brainstorm ideas and work with your team, wherever they're located.

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Milanote - the tool for organizing creative projects

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Collect everything in one place Simple text editing and task management make it easy to add your thoughts to a board. Milanote supports all common file types including JPGs, PDFs, Word, Excel, common design files and many more. Anything you save in the Milanote app will be ready to organize as soon as you're back at your computer.

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Framasoft, c’est une association d’éducation populaire, un groupe d’ami·es convaincu·es qu’un monde numérique émancipateur est possible, persuadé·es qu’il adviendra grâce à des actions concrètes sur le terrain et en ligne avec vous et pour vous !

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Framaestro - Orchestrez vos projets collaboratifs

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Orchestrez vos projets collaboratifs

Fra maestro vous permet d'afficher sur une même page différents sites web ou outils collaboratifs en ligne.
Vous pouvez ainsi présenter, communiquer et travailler à plusieurs sur différents documents en même temps. Exemples d'utilisation :

Prise en main

1. Créez un projet

2. Ajoutez les différents outils et sites que vous voulez utiliser

3. Invitez vos collaborateurs à vous rejoindre en leur envoyant par courriel l'adresse du projet.

Le logiciel

Fra maestro est développé par Frama soft et fait appel à plusieurs bibliothèques JavaScript, notamment jsPanel et TogetherJS.

Le logiciel est sous licence MIT

Cultivez votre jardin

Pour participer au développement du logiciel, proposer des améliorations ou simplement le télécharger, rendez-vous sur le site de développement.

Si vous souhaitez installer ce logiciel pour votre propre usage et ainsi gagner en autonomie, nous vous aidons sur :
framacloud.org

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Orchestrez vos projets collaboratifs Fra maestro vous permet d'afficher sur une même page différents sites web ou outils collaboratifs en ligne. Vous pouvez ainsi présenter, communiquer et travailler à plusieurs sur différents documents en même temps.

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La meilleure application de prise de notes | Organisez vos notes avec Evernote

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Evernote uses cookies to enable the Evernote service and to improve your experience with us. To learn more, check out our cookie policy.
By clicking OK or continuing to use our site, you agree that we can place these cookies.

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La meilleure application de prise de notes - Organisez vos notes avec Evernote

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Notre application de prise de notes vous aide à capturer et à prioriser vos idées, projets et listes de tâches, pour que rien ne vous échappe. Commencez votre essai gratuit aujourd'hui !

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Microsoft OneNote Digital Note Taking App | Microsoft 365

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Microsoft OneNote has your digital notebook needs covered. With OneNote 2016 we’ve made our notebook organizer tools even stronger and collaboration easier.

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Not your computer? Use Guest mode to sign in privately. Learn more about using Guest mode

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Notejoy – Collaborative notes for your entire team

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In just a few short weeks Notejoy has been an incredible tool for increasing our efficiency and productivity. We feel much more in sync, it's just so easy for everyone to be on the same page - I can't get over how multiple people in various locations working and commenting on the same document at the same time, just works.

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Notejoy - Collaborative notes for you and your team

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True to its namesake, Notejoy has brought joy to taking notes. If you've ever been frustrated at how annoying it is to share things on Evernote, or at how difficult it is to find things in Google Docs, Notejoy is exactly the solution for you!

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wisemapping is a free, fast and simple online mind mapping editor for individuals and business. sign up to start organizing and sharing your ideas and thoughts.

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Mind42: Free online mind mapping software

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Mind42 is a free online mind mapping software. In short: Mind42 offers you a software that runs in your browser to create mind maps - a special form of a structured diagram to visually organize information.

Use it to create todo lists, brainstorm ideas, organize events, you name it...

Mind42 is completely free (ad supported)

Created mind maps are private by default

Optionally share your mind maps with others

All mind maps are private by default, but if you choose to, you can send others a link to your mind map where they can view it, or invite others with a Mind42 account to join you to edit a mind map together.
Jump in and get to know Mind42 - it's free - sign up for a free account.

The Mind42 mind-map editor:

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Get an overview about the different kind of mind map created on Mind42. Mind42 is a free online mind mapping software that allows you to collaborate on and publish your mind maps with others.

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Structure writing

Use notes and attachments to quickly create a structure for an article or a writing assignment, then create a document outline and continue editing in your favourite writing tool

Create storyboards

Use a frictionless planning canvas to capture and organise your thoughts, and then put them into a powerful storyboard to turn a hierarchy of ideas into a sequence of slides.

Post to social media

MindMup Atlas automatically adds images and contextual information to ensure that your maps show up nicely on Twitter, Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn and Pinterest.

Plan and manage projects

Add measurements to map nodes to automatically calculate cost, completion and other important factors. Manage project progress easily with icons and priorities.

Collaborate easily

Maps saved to MindMup Cloud support concurrent editing for teams and classrooms, enabling you to instantly see updates made to your map by other users.

Attach documents

Add longer text, videos and spreadsheets to your maps. MindMup for Google Drive also allows you to link to other project documents on Google Drive easily.

Add images

Quickly add images and icons to your maps to provide context and illustrations.

Administer easily

Administrators can easily control sharing settings for the entire organisation. MindMup also integrates with Office365 and Google authentication for easy account management.

MindMup Cloud

Free users can create public maps up to 100 KB and save them up to six months. No account or registration needed.

Gold users can create private maps, share and edit concurrently.
Create a new map Open an existing map

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Free online mind mapping. The most productive online mind map canvas on the Web. Supports Freemind mindmap import/export. Easy mindmapping software.

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SimpleMind is the world leader in cross-platform Mind Mapping tools. One-time payment per platform, no subscriptions. Try now!

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Framasoft is at full capacity, but we are not leaving you:
we are part of the collective CHATONS and other members of the network will
be delighted to welcome you.

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Kami " Your Paperless Classroom Hero | Kami

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Kami is your digital pen and paper where you and your students can learn, create, and collaborate.

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Dropbox helps you simplify your workflow. So you can spend more time in your flow.

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Des outils d'apprentissage et des cartes mémo, gratis | Quizlet

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Compte Microsoft | Un compte OneDrive est toujours disponible. Toujours synchronisé

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One account. One place to manage it all. Welcome to your account dashboard.

New to Microsoft?

Get started with Microsoft products and more.
Learn more

Just sign in and go

Access your favorite Microsoft products and services with just one login. From Office and Windows to Xbox and Skype, one username and password connects you to the files, photos, people, and content you care about most.

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Microsoft account | Sign In or Create Your Account Today - Microsoft

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One account. One place to manage it all. Welcome to your account dashboard. Get started with Microsoft products and more. Learn more Access your favorite Microsoft products and services with just one login. From Office and Windows to Xbox and Skype, one username and password connects you to the files, photos, people, and content you care about most.

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Que vous soyez télépilote de loisir, propriétaire d'un aéronef télépiloté ou exploitant professionnel, AlphaTango vous permettra de réaliser en ligne la plupart des démarches administratives nécessaires à votre activité.

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A deep learning colouriser prototype specifically for old Singaporean photos.

ColouriseSG is no longer operating as of 1 Oct 2020 and the codebase will be open-sourced soon. We thank you for all your support.

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A deep learning colouriser prototype specifically for old Singaporean photos. ColouriseSG is no longer operating as of 1 Oct 2020 and the codebase will be open-sourced soon. We thank you for all your support.

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Learn how to get more from RapidWeaver with our collection of free training and video tutorials.

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Stock videos, After Effects templates, Royalty-free music - MotionElements

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Stock videos, After Effects templates, Royalty-free music - MotionElements

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Stock videos, After Effects templates, Royalty-free music - MotionElements

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Download 3,000,000+ royalty-free stock videos, music, FCP / After Effects templates from $5. AI-driven marketplace. Up to 30 free downloads weekly! [MotionElements]

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AlpConnectar offre la possibilité aux élèves de jouer le rôle d'expert dans leur langue maternelle et de travailler régulièrement en commun avec une classe d'une autre région linguistique de Suisse. L'apprentissage de la langue étrangère se réfère ainsi à des situations pratiques et les technologies numériques utilisées développent en outre les compétences médiatiques des élèves.

Le programme est issu d'un projet de recherche et développement des hautes écoles pédagogiques des cantons du Valais, du Tessin et des Grisons, en collaboration avec Swisscom. Ce dernier prestataire a testé et analysé les possibilités d'application des technologies numériques et de la communication sécurisée en ligne pour l'apprentissage des langues entre des classes de différentes régions linguistiques de Suisse.

Pour en savoir plus, consultez le programme MySchool de la Radio et télévision suisse alémanique SRF.

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AlpConnectar offre la possibilité aux élèves de jouer le rôle d'expert dans leur langue maternelle et de travailler régulièrement en commun avec une classe d'une autre région linguistique de Suisse. L'apprentissage de la langue étrangère se réfère ainsi à des situations pratiques et les technologies numériques utilisées développent en outre les compétences médiatiques des élèves.

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Cinematic experience achieved at staggering speed. Create detailed, textured 3D models ready to export for content-creation and artistic tools. Decimate, export, retopologize, import, and texture easily and fast.

Align

RealityCapture is faster than you expect. You can have hundreds of images aligned literally within minutes. We do recommend to align directly in the field during capturing.

Analyze right in the field and get to what you need efficiently. Our alignment re-uses already computed data so adding new images to a project and aligning them will be super-fast:

Take pictures and add them to a project,

Choose draft alignment,

Verify the result,

Repeat steps 1-3 until the desired result is achieved.

Inspect

With RealityCapture you can use an Inspect Tool. You cannot find it anywhere else. And if you do, then they just follow in our footsteps. The tool can be found in the ALIGNMENT tab of the main ribbon under the Tools panel. Inspection is especially useful if you align data directly in the field and see whether you have sufficient amount of data.

You can use the tool to:

Find uncovered parts

Find parts with weak overlap

Search for problems in alignment

To learn more about this tool see our application's HELP.

Meshing

Reconstructing models with RealityCapture is easy and fast. You can have a model reconstructed from hundreds of images in 20 minutes on an ordinary computer. RealityCapture offers also many other unique features:

Out-of-core processing: You can compute meshes of unlimited size on a 16GB-RAM computer.

Visibility-consistent models: What is visible in multiple images is reconstructed. You do not need masking at all. Also "occluders", like moving people, cars etc, are not reconstructed until you have enough images. You will need to filter your models just rarely.

Speed and accuracy: You will be amazed by the speed and accuracy. In our algorithms every pixel counts!

Assets creation

You can use different tools to deliver the final asset for your game. The typical workflow is:

Filter: Filter all unwanted parts.

Simplify: Decimate the model to whichever size you need.

Export: Export the model to any file format of your preference: obj, fbx, ply, abc, etc.

Retopologize: Post-process the exported model to meet your criteria.

Import: Import your post-processed model back to RealityCapture.

Texture: Bake a texture, a normal map or a displacement map to your model.

Export: Get your final asset.

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Cinematic experience achieved at staggering speed. Create detailed, textured 3D models ready to export for content-creation and artistic tools. Decimate, export, retopologize, import, and texture easily and fast. RealityCapture is faster than you expect. You can have hundreds of images aligned literally within minutes. We do recommend to align directly in the field during capturing.

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Buddhism in Western Central Asia
Comprehensive Literature
Harmatta J. (a. o.): Religions in the Kushan empire. In: History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Editor: J. Harmatta. Paris 1994, pp. 313-329

Litvinskiï B. A. (Litvinsky B. A.): Outline history of Buddhism in Central Asia. Moscow 1968

Litvinskiï B. A.: Buddizm i sredneaziatskaya civilizaciya. In: Indiïskaya kul'tura i buddizm. Sbornik stateï pamyati akademika F. I. Shtsherbatskogo. Otv. red. N. I. Konrad, G. M. Bongard-Levin. Moskva 1972, pp. 148-169

Litvinskiï B. A.: Rasprostranenie buddizma v Sredneï Azii. In: Central'naya Aziya v Kushanskuyu epochu. T. II. Moskva 1975, pp. 191-198

Litvinskiï B. A.: Buddizm. In: Vostotshnyï Turkestan v drevnosti i rannem srednevekov'e. Etnos, yazyki, religii. Pod redakcieï B. A. Litvinskogo. Moskva 1992, pp. 427-507 (in particular pp. 427-438)

Staviskiï B. Ya.: Kushanskaya Baktriya. Problemy istorii i kul'tury. Moskva 1977

Staviskiï B. Ya. (Stavisky B. J.): On the formation of two types of Buddhist temples in Central Asia. In: Orient und Okzident im Spiegel der Kunst. Festschrift Heinrich Gerhard Franz (...). Graz 1986, pp. 381-388

Staviskiï B. Ya. (Staviskij B. Ja.): La Bactriane sous les Kushans. Problèmes d'histoire et d'culture. Édition revue et augmentée. Paris 1986

Staviskiï B. Ya. (Stavisky B. J.): The fate of Buddhism in Middle Asia - in the light of archaeological data. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 3 (1993/1994), 1993, pp. 113-142

Staviskiï B. Ya.: Sud'by buddizma v Sredneï Azii. Po dannym arkheologii. Moskva 1998 (=Kul'tura narodov Vostoka. Materialy i issledovaniya)

Vorob'ëva-Desyatovskaya M. I.: Nakhodki sanskritskikh rukopiseï pis'mom brakhmi na territorii Sovetskoï Sredneï Azii. In: Sanskrit i drevneindiïskaya kultura. Moskva 1979, tsh. I, pp. 123-133

Vorob'ëva-Desyatovskaya M. I.: Pamyatniki pis'mom kkharoshtkhi i brakhmi iz Sovetskoï Sredneï Azii. In: Istoriya i kul'tura Central'noï Azii. Moskva 1983, pp. 22-96

Vorobëva-Desyatovskaya M. I. (Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya M. I.): Buddhism. In: History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. III. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750. Editor: B. A. Litvinsky. Co-editors: Zhang Guang-da, R. Shabani Samghabadi. Paris 1996, pp. 431-448

Note: This list does not cover references to stray finds or finds from non-Buddhist sites. Litvinskiï B. A. - Zeïmal' T. I.: Buddiïskiï syuzhet v zhivopisi Sredneï Azii (k interpretacii sceny daronoscev iz Adzhina-Tepe). In: Sovetskaya etnografiya, 1968, no. 3, pp. 106-112

Litvinskiï B. A. - Zeïmal' T. I.: Adzhina-Tepa. Arkhitektura, zhivopis', skul'ptura. Moskva 1971 (=Pamyatniki drevnego iskusstva)

Litvinskiï B. A. - Zeïmal' T. I.: Pervye glinyanye modeli stupa iz Sredneï Azii. In: Sanskrit i drevneindiïskaya kul'tura. Moskva 1979, tsh. I, pp. 186-199

Litvinskiï B. A. - Zeïmal' T. I.: Nekotorye aspekty ierarkhii i semantiki stupa v Sredneï Azii. In: Drevnyaya Indiya. Istoriko-kul'turnye svyazi. Otv. red. G. M. Bongard-Levin. Moskva 1982, pp. 164-186

Lo Muzio C.: On the musicians of the Airtam capitals. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 239-257

Pugatshenkova G. A.: Dve stupa na juge Uzbekistana. In: Sovetskaya Arkheologiya, 1967, no. 3, pp. 257-263

Pugatshenkova G. A. (Pugachenkova G. A.): The Buddhist monuments of Airtam. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 2, (1991/1992), pp. 23-41

Turgunov B. A.: K izutsheniyu Aïrtama. In: Iz istorii antitshnoï kul'tury Uzbekistana. Tashkent 1973, pp. 52-77

Turgunov B. A.: Novye nakhodki iz Aïrtama. In: Gorodskaya kul'tura Baktrii-Tokharistana i Sogda. Antitshnost', rannee srednevekov'e. Materialy sovetsko-francuzskogo kollokviuma (Samarkand, 1986). Red. kollegiya: G. A. Pugatshenkova (a.o.). Tashkent 1987, pp. 144-147

Turgunov B. A. - Livshic V. A. - Rtveladze E. V.: Otkrytie baktriïskoï monumental'noï nadpisi v Aïrtame. In: Obshtshestvennye nauki v Uzbekistane, 1982, no. 3, pp. 38-48

Goryatsheva V. D.: Rannesrednevekovye buddiïskie pamyatniki Kirgizii. In: Istoriko-kul'turnye svyazi narodov Central'noï Azii. Otv. red. Sh. B. Tshimitdorzhiev. Ulan-Ude 1983, pp. 68-77

Goryatsheva V. D. - Peregudova S. Ya.: Buddiïskie pamyatniki Kirgizii. In: Vestnik drevneï istorii, 1996, no. 2, pp. 172-182

Khmel'nickiï S. G.: Opyt rekonstrukcii buddiïskogo khrama gorodishtsha Ak-Beshim. In: Trudy Kirgizskoï arkheologo-etnografitsheskoï ekspedicii. Moskva, II, 1959, pp. 243-265

Kozhemyako P. N.: Rannesrednevekovye goroda i poseleniya Tshuïskoï doliny. Frunze 1959

Kyzlasov L. R.: Arkheologitsheskie issledovaniya na gorodishtshe Ak-Beshim v 1953-1954 gg. In: Trudy Kirgizskoï arkheologo-etnografitsheskoï ekspedicii. Moskva, II, 1959, pp. 155-242

Zyablin L.: Vtoroï buddiïskiï khram Ak-Beshimskogo gorodishtsha. Frunze 1961

Dal'verzintepe. Kushanskiï gorod na yuge Uzbekistana. Otv. redaktor L. I. Rempel'. Tashkent 1978

Pugatshenkova G. A.: Novoe v izutshenii Dal'verzin-tepe. In: Sovetskaya arkheologiya, 1971, no. 4, pp. 186-203

Pugatshenkova G. A. (Pougachenkova G.): Les trésors de Dalverzine-tépé. Leningrad 1978

Silvi Antonini C.: The Dalverzin temple. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 259-268

Turgunov B. A.: Raskopki vtorogo buddiïskogo khrama na Dal'verzintepe (predvaritel'noe soobshtshenie). In: Antitshnye i rannesrednevekovye drevnosti Yuzhnogo Uzbekistana. V svete novykh otkrytiï Uzbekistanskoï iskusstvovedtsheskoï ekspedicii. Otv. redaktor: G. A. Pugatshenkova. Tashkent 1989, pp. 81-95

Turgunov B. A.: Excavations of a Buddhist temple at Dal'verzin-tepe. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 42, 1992, pp. 131-153

Al'baum L. I.: Raskopki buddiïskogo kompleksa Fayaz-Tepe. In: Drevnyaya Baktriya. Predvaritel'nye soobshtsheniya ob arkheologitsheskikh rabotakh na yuge Uzbekistana. Otv. red. V. M. Masson. Leningrad 1974, pp. 53-58

Al'baum L. I.: Issledovanie Fayaz-Tepe v 1973 g. In: Baktriïskie drevnosti. Predvaritel'nye soobshtsheniya ob arkheologitsheskikh rabotakh na yuge Uzbekistana. Otv. red. V. M. Masson. Leningrad 1976, pp. 43-45

Litvinskiï B. A. - Denisov E. P.: Buddiïskaya tshasovnya na Kafyr-kale. In: Arkheologitsheskie raboty v Tadzhikistane, vyp. X (1970 g.), 1973, pp. 165-171

Litvinskiï B. A. - Solov'ëv V. S.: Srednevekovaya kul'tura Tokharistana - v svete raskopok Vakhshkoï doline. Moskva 1985

Litvinskiï B. A. - Solov'ëv V. S.: (Litvinsky B. - Solov'ev V.): The architecture and art of Kafyr Kala (Early medieval Tokharistan). In: Bulletin of the Asia Institute. New Series, 4, 1990, pp. 61-75

Litvinskï B. A. - Solov'ëv V. S. (Litvinskij B. A. - Solovjev V. S.): Kafyrkala. Frühmittelalterliche Stadt im Vachshtal, Süd-Tadzhikistan. München 1985 (=Materialien zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie, Bd. 28)

Solov'ëv V. S.: Nastennaya zhivopis' gorodishtsha Kafyr-Kala. In: Materialy yubileïnykh konferencii molodykh utshënykh Akademii nauk Tadzhikskoï SSR (obshtshestvennye nauki). Pod red. R. K. Rakhimova. Dushanbe 1976, pp. 144-149

Main publication series:
Grek T. V. - Ptshelina E. G. - Staviskï B. Ya.: Kara-tepe - buddïskï peshtshernyï monastyr' v Starom Termeze.Osnovnye itogi rabot 1937, 1961-1962 gg. i indïskie nadpisi nakeramike. Moskva 1964 (=Materialy Sovmestnoï arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (1))

Buddiïskie peshtshery Kara-Tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1963-1964 gg. Nadpisi, terrakoty, kamennye rel'efy. Redaktor: B. Ya. Staviskiï. Moskva 1969 (=Materialy Sovmestnoï arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (2))

Buddiïskiï kul'tovyï centr Kara-Tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1965-1971 gg. Red.: B. Ya. Staviskiï. Moskva 1972 (=Materialy Sovmestnoï arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (3))

Novye nakhodki na Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1972-1973 gg. Otv. red. B. Ya. Staviskiï. Moskva 1975 (=Materialy Sovmestnoï arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (4))

Buddiïskie pamyatniki Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1974-1977 gg. Otv. red. B. Ya. Staviskiï. Moskva 1982 (=Materialy Sovmestnoï arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (5))

Buddiïskie kompleksy Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1978-1989 gg. Moskva 1996 (=Materialy Sovmestnoï arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (6))

Further publications:
Lelekov L. A.: Buddiïskiï kul'tovyï centr Kara-tepe na perekrestke mirovykh kul'tur. In: Kul'turnye zvyazi narodov Sredneï Azii i Kavkaza. Drevnost' i srednevekov'e. Otv. redaktory: A. M. Leskov, B. Ya. Staviskiï. Moskva 1990, pp. 14-21

Mkrtytshev T. K. (Mkrtychev T. K.): Buddhist ritual practice of Kara-Tepe - based on materials of complex E. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 3 (1993/1994), 1993, pp. 97-112

Mkrtytshev T. K. (Mkrtychev T.): New Buddhist sculpture from Kara-Tepe. In: Bulletin of the Asia Institute. New Series, vol. 9, 1997, pp. 159-166

Neglinskaya M. A.: Khudozhestvennye osobennosti syuzhetnoï zhivopisi buddiïskogo kul'tovogo centra Kara-tepe. In: Kul'turnye zvyazi narodov Sredneï Azii i Kavkaza. Drevnost' i srednevekov'e. Otv. redaktory: A. M. Leskov, B. Ya. Staviskiï. Moskva 1990, pp. 22-29

Staviskiï B. Ya.: Izutshenie buddiïskogo kul'tovogo centra Kara-Tepe v Starom Termeze v 1972-1973 gg. In: Baktriïskie drevnosti. Predvaritel'nye soobshtsheniya ob arkheologitsheskikh rabotakh na yuge Uzbekistana. Otv. red. V. M. Masson. Leningrad 1976, pp. 39-43

Staviskiï B. Ya. (Stawiskij B.): Kara Tepe in Old Termez. A Buddhist religious centre of the Kushan period on the bank of the Oxus. In: From Hecataeus to al-Huwarizmi. Ed. by J. Harmatta. (=Collection of the sources for the history of pre-Islamic Central Asia, ser. I, vol. III). Budapest 1984, pp. 95-135

Staviskiï B. Ya. (Staviskiï B.): Tshetvert' veka na Karatepe (Zapiski natshal'nika arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii). Tashkent 1986

Staviskiï B. Ya.: Le problème des liens entre le bouddhisme bactrien, le zoroastrisme et les cultes mazdéens locaux à la lumière des fouilles de Kara-tepe sur le site de l'antique Termez (Ouzbékistan). In: Cultes et monuments religieux dans l'Asie Centrale préislamique. Sous la direction de F. Grenet. (=Mémoire no. 2 des publications de l'U.A. 1222 (ex U.R.A. 29)). Paris 1987, pp. 47-51

Staviskiï B. Ya. (Stavisky B. J.): Kara-Tepe in Old Termez (Southern Uzbekistan). Summary of the work done in 1978-1982. In: Orientalia Iosephi Tucci memoriae dicata. Ed. cur. G. Gnoli, L. Lanciotti. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, LVI:1-3). Roma, vol. 3, 1988, pp. 1391-1405

Staviskiï B. Ya.: Issledovanie Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze i znatshenie ego dlya izutsheniya kul'turnykh vzaimosvyazeï mezhdu narodami drevnego mira. In: Kul'turnye zvyazi narodov Sredneï Azii i Kavkaza. Drevnost' i srednevekov'e. Otv. redaktory: A. M. Leskov, B. Ya. Staviskiï. Moskva 1990, pp. 6-13

Staviskiï B. Ya. - Mkrtytshev T. K. (Staviskii B. - Mkrtychev T.): Qara-Tepe in Old Termez: On the history of the monument. In: Bulletin of the Asia Institute. N. S., vol. 10, 1996, pp. 219-232

Vertogradova V. V.: O naimenovanii buddiïskogo peshtshernogo monastyrya na Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. In: Sanskrit i drevneindiïskaya kul'tura. Moskva 1979, tsh. I, pp. 83-96

Vertogradova V. V. (Vertogradova V.): Some study problems of Indian inscriptions in Kara-tepe. In: Information Bulletin. International Association for the Study of the Cultures of Central Asia (Moscow), 13, 1987, pp. 17-33

Vertogradova V. V.: Indiïskaya epigrafika iz Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Problemy deshivrovki i interpretacii. Moskva 1995

Mullokandov M. M.: Rannesrednevekovyï buddiïskiï monastyr' Khisht-tepa v Khovalingskom raïone Tadzhikistana. In. Mezhdunarodnaya associaciya po izutsheniyu kul'tur Central'noï Azii. Informacionnyï byulleten', vyp. 17, 1990, pp. 12-20

Vertogradova V. V.: Glinyanye tabletki s indiïskimi tekstami iz Khisht-tepa. In. Mezhdunarodnaya associaciya po izutsheniyu kul'tur Central'noï Azii. Informacionnyï byulleten', vyp. 17, 1990, pp. 21-25

Goryatsheva V. D.: Rannesrednevekovye buddiïskie pamyatniki Kirgizii. In: Istoriko-kul'turnye svyazi narodov Central'noï Azii. Otv. red. Sh. B. Tshimitdorzhiev. Ulan-Ude 1983, pp. 68-77

Goryatsheva V. D.: Gorod zolotogo verblyuda (Krasnoretshenskoe gorodishtshe). Frunze 1988

Goryatsheva V. D. - Peregudova S. Ya.: Buddiïskie pamyatniki Kirgizii. In: Vestnik drevneï istorii, 1996, no. 2, pp. 172-182

Krasnaya retshka i Burana (Materialy i issledovaniya Kirgizskoï arkheologitsheskoï ekspedicii). Red.kollegiya: V. A. Livshic, V. M. Ploskikh, V. D. Goryatsheva. Frunze 1989

Peregudova S. Ya.: O vtorom buddiïskom khrame Krasnoretshenskogo gorodishtsha (k rekonstrukcii plana svyatilishtsha). In: Iz istorii i arkheologii drevnego Tyan'-Shanya. Otv. redaktory K. I. Tashbaeva, D. F. Vinnik, L. M. Vedutova. Bishkek 1995, pp. 187-201

Bulatova-Levina V. A.: Buddiïskiï khram v Kuve. In: Sovetskaya arkheologiya, 1961, no. 3, pp. 241-250

Bulatova V. A.: Drevnyaya Kuva. Tashkent 1972

Callieri P.: Hephthalites in Margiana? New evidence from the Buddhist relics in Merv. In: La Persia e l'Asia Centrale da Alessandro al X secolo. Roma 1996 (=Academia Nazionale dei Lincei. Atti dei convegni lincei, 127), pp. 391-400

Gaïbov V. - Koshelenko G. A. - Novikov S. V. (Gajbov V. - Koshelenko G. - Novikov S.): Nouveaux documents pour une histoire des religions dans le Turkménistan méridional à l'époque parthe et sassanide. In: Histoire et cultes de l'Asie Centrale Préislamique. Sources écrites et documents archéologiques. Actes du Colloque international du CNRS, ed. P. Bernard et F. Grenet. Paris 1991, pp. 85-94

Koshelenko G. A.: Unikal'naya vaza iz Merva. In: Vestnik drevneï istorii, 1966, no. 1, pp. 92-105

Koshelenko G. A.: The beginning of Buddhism in Margiana. In: Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, t. 14, Budapest 1966, pp. 175-183

Koshelenko G. A.: Issledovanie buddiïskikh pamyatnikov v Merve. In: Drevnie kul'tury Sredneï Azii i Indii. Pod redakcieï V. M. Massona. Leningrad 1984, pp. 137-141

Masson M. E.: Iz rabot Yuzhno-Turkmenistanskoï arkheologitsheskoï kompleksnoï ekspedicii Akademii nauk Turkmenskoï SSR v 1962 g. In: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoï SSR. Seriya obshtshestvennykh nauk (Ashkhabad), no. 3, 1963, pp. 45-58

Nikitin A. B.: Srednepersidskie ostraki iz buddiïskogo svyatilishtsha v Starom Merve. In: Vestnik drevneï istorii, 1992, no. 1, pp. 95-105

Pugatshenkova G. A. - Usmanova Z. I.: Buddiïskiï kompleks v Gyaur-kale Starogo Merva. In: Vestnik drevneï istorii, 1994, no. 1, pp. 142-171

Pugatshenkova G. A. - Usmanova V.: Buddhist monuments in Merv. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 51-81

Rtveladze E. V.: Novyï buddiïskiï pamyatnik v Starom Merve. In: Trudy Yuzhno-Turkmenistanskoï arkheologitsheskoï Kompleksnoï ekspedicii, t. 15, 1973, pp. 231-235

Staviskiï B. Ya.: O buddiïskoï obshtshine v Merve. In: Kul'tura Vostoka: Problemy i pamyatniki. Kratkie tezisy dokladov nautshnoï konferencii 21-25 yanvarya 1992 goda. Gosudarstvennyï Ermitazh. Nautshnye redaktory: E. V. Zeïmal', A. B. Nikitin. Sankt-Peterburg 1992, pp. 73-76

Usmanova I. Z.: Buddiïskiï pamyatnik v Merve. In: Materialy po istorii, istoriografii i arkheologii. Sbornik nautshnikh trodov Tashkentskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 533. Tashkent 1975, pp. 12-20

Litvinskiï B. A.: Nastennaya zhivopis' Kalai-Kafirnigana. In: Kavkaz i Srednyaya Aziya v drevnosti i srednevekov'e (istoriya i kul'tura). Pod redakcieï B. A. Litvinskogo. Moskva 1981, pp. 116-138

Litvinskij B. A.: Kalai Kafirnigan. Problems in the religion and art of early mediaeval Tokharistan. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 31, 1981, pp. 35-66

Arshavskaya Z. A. - Rtveladze E. V. - Khakimov Z. A.: Srednevekovye pamyatniki Surkhandar'i. Tashkent 1982

Zeïmal' T. I.: Buddiïskiï kompleks Ushtur-Mullo. In: Arkheologitsheskie raboty v Tadzhikistane, vyp. XIX (1979 g.), 1986, pp. 186-202

Zeïmal' T. I.: Buddiïskaya stupa u Verblyuzh'eï Gorki (k tipologii stup pravoberezhnogo Tokharistana). In: Proshloe Sredneï Azii. Otv. red. V. A. Ranov. Dushanbe 1987, pp. 70-78

Zeïmal' T. I.: Raskopki buddiïskogo kompleksa Ushtur-mullo v 1981 g. In: Arkheologitsheskie raboty v Tadzhikistane, vyp. XXI (1981 g.), 1988, pp. 325-336

Zeïmal' T. I.: Buddiïskiï monastyr' Ushtur-Mullo (raboty 1982 g.). In: Arkheologitsheskie raboty v Tadzhikistane (Dushanbe), vyp. XXII (1982 g.), 1990, pp. 255-261

Abdullaev K. A. - Zav'yalov V. A.: Buddiïskie motivy v gorodskoï kul'ture pozdnekushanskogo vremeni. (Po materialam Zar-Tepe). In: Vestnik drevneï istorii, 1985, no. 4 (175), pp. 111-121

Masson V. M.: Zar-tepe, eine Stadt der Kuschana in Südusbekistan. In: Das Altertum, Bd. 33, H. 1, 1987, pp. 49-53

Pidaev Sh. R.: Raskopki buddiïskoï stupy u gorodishtsha Zartepa. In: Obshtshestvennye nauki v Uzbekistane, 1986, no. 4, pp. 49-52

Pilipko V. N.: Raskopki svyatilishtsha pozdnekushanskogo vremeni na gorodishtshe Zar-tepe. In: Baktriïskie drevnosti. Leningrad 1976, pp. 59-68

Pugatshenkova G. A.: Dve stupa na juge Uzbekistana. In: Sovetskaya Arkheologiya, 1967, no. 3, pp. 257-263

Strelkov A. S.: Zurmala ili Katta-tyupe okolo Termeza. In: Kul'tura Vostoka. Vyp. I. Moskva 1927, pp. 27-30
Relevant links to the WWW

Central Asia
Central Eurasia Project Resource Page
on Central Asian countries, history and culture
ICARP - Interactive Central Asia Resource Project
same topics

Buddhism and Buddhist art
Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library
the Internet Guide to Buddhism and Buddhist Studies
The John C. and Susan L. Huntington Archive of Buddhist and Related Art

History and coins
A general history of the Kushan Empire
by Robert Bracey
the coins and history of asia
by Thomas K. Mallon-McCorgray
on Greeks and Kushans in Bactria

Hephthalites
by Thomas K. Mallon-McCorgray
the hunnic Hephthalites, terminators of Buddhist culture in Bactria

The Ephthalites of Central Asia
by Richard Heli
more on the same topic

Bactrian documents discovered from the Northern Hindu-Kush
by Nicholas Sims-Williams
including information about the Kushan genealogy based on the Rabatak inscription

Nupam's webpage for the Indian coins
by Nupam Mahajan
including the Kushans

Alexanderama
a list of sites on Alexander the Great, conqueror of Bactria and Sogdia

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Buddhism in Western Central AsiaComprehensive Literature Harmatta J. (a. o.): Religions in the Kushan empire. In: History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Editor: J. Harmatta. Paris 1994, pp. 313-329 Litvinskiï B. A. (Litvinsky B.

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Animated global statistics that everyone can understand

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Des commentaires constructifs sur vos vidéos | TechSmith

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Des commentaires constructifs sur vos vidéos | TechSmith

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Outils de collaboration vidéo puissants

Recevez des commentaires pertinents et concrets de la part de vos collègues et des autres personnes concernées, même si ce ne sont pas des pros de la vidéo.

Commentaires centralisés et sécurisés

Conservez tous les commentaires au même endroit.

Ainsi, plusieurs réviseurs peuvent collaborer sur la même vidéo et en discuter.

Approbation et finalisation plus rapides

Les réviseurs peuvent ajouter un commentaire à n'importe quel moment de la vidéo et sont en mesure de la valider plus rapidement.

Gérez jusque 25 projets vidéo

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Des commentaires constructifs sur vos vidéos | TechSmith

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Recevez des commentaires pertinents et concrets de la part de vos collègues et des autres personnes concernées, même si ce ne sont pas des pros de la vidéo. Conservez tous les commentaires au même endroit. Ainsi, plusieurs réviseurs peuvent collaborer sur la même vidéo et en discuter.

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Comment surmonter la “fatigue du Zoom” ? | histoire lyonel kaufmann.ch

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Comment surmonter la “fatigue du Zoom” ? | histoire lyonel kaufmann.ch

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Sam Blum propose sur Lifehaker un résumé d'un intéressant article sur les principales raisons de la fatigue engendrée par l'accumulation de vidéoconférences depuis le début de la pandémie ainsi que quelques recommandations pour la diminuer.
Blum reprend ainsi des éléments d'une étude récente de chercheurs de Stanford, publiée dans la revue Technology, Mind and Behavior. Selon cette dernière, la " fatigue du Zoom " est essentiellement ce à quoi elle ressemble. Elle résulte de la tension accrue de maintenir des connexions à distance par le biais du canal vidéo et elle conduit à l'épuisement, au stress et à la monotonie au travail.

Jeremy N. Bailenson, auteur de cette étude, met en évidence quatre raisons de cette fatigue propre à la vidéoconférence :

Un contact visuel intense est fatiguant.

Se regarder pendant les chats vidéo est fatigant. Se regarder dans une réunion ne fait qu'augmenter l'anxiété de performance.

Avec les sessions en vidéo, nous bougeons moins au détriment de notre bien-être mental.

Les indices non verbaux sont plus difficiles à interpréter. Cela conduit à une "surcharge cognitive ".

Pour combattre la " fatigue du Zoom ", Bailenson offre quelques solutions :

- Pour le contact visuel : Le chercheur recommande de ne pas utiliser le réglage plein écran.

- Pour la conscience de soi : Il n'est pas vraiment nécessaire de laisser votre caméra allumée à chaque réunion. Si vous devez garder votre caméra allumée, Bailenson recommande de régler vos paramètres de manière à ne voir que l'autre personne sur l'écran.

- Pour la mobilité : Bailenson recommande de vous procurer une autre caméra que vous pourrez relier à votre flux afin de pouvoir continuer à vous déplacer, et peut-être de vous présenter en position debout si vous le souhaitez. Un autre recours est d'éteindre à nouveau votre caméra et de porter des écouteurs bluetooth, afin de pouvoir vous promener dans votre maison ou votre appartement.

- Pour l'anxiété liée aux indices non verbaux : éteindre votre caméra fonctionne aussi bien, mais pour la renforcer encore, le chercheur recommande d'écouter la réunion loin de votre ordinateur.

Sources :
- Blum, S. (2020) How to Overcome 'Zoom Fatigue'. Lifehaker, 24 février.
- Bailenson, J. N. (2020). Nonverbal Overload: A Theoretical Argument for the Causes of Zoom Fatigue. Technology, Mind and Behavior. Volume 2, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1037/tmb0000030. Lien : https://tmb.apaopen.org/pub/nonverbal-overload/release/1

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Comment surmonter la "fatigue du Zoom" ? | histoire lyonel kaufmann.ch

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sam Blum propose sur Lifehaker un résumé d'un intéressant article sur les principales raisons de la fatigue engendrée par l'accumulation de vidéoconférences depuis le début de la pandémie ainsi que quelques recommandations pour la diminuer. Blum reprend ainsi des éléments d'une étude récente de chercheurs de Stanford, publiée dans la revue Technology, Mind and Behavior.

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Searching for a Microsoft Teams Alternative? - UC Today

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Searching for a Microsoft Teams Alternative? - UC Today

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Looking at the numbers, you wouldn't think that Microsoft Teams is just about three years old. It had 44 million daily active users in April - in May, this number jumped by 70% to reach 75 million daily active users.

Microsoft Teams' runaway success owes to two factors: first, there is the pandemic, which pushed millions of people to WFH worldwide. This makes a cloud-based tool like Teams a business essential. But even before COVID-19, Teams was doing surprisingly well, ahead of older and more recognized players. For example, it took Slack nearly six years to hit the 10 million mark, while Teams crossed 30 million daily active users, prior to the pandemic.

For those already in the Mircosoft ecosystem - for instance, using their analytics tools or the Office 365 suite - Teams makes perfect sense. But for other companies/users, you might want to shop around a little before adopting. Here are three Microsoft Teams alternatives that belong on your checklist:

Microsoft Teams alternatives #1: Zoom

You think of video conferencing in this pandemic environment and Zoom is probably the first name that comes to mind. Zoom has seen incredible adoption among users of all types, be it enterprise, governments, schools, or even for personal purposes. There's even an entire television show exploring Zoom's own dating culture, called Zoom Bachelorette!

So, what's the driver for Zoom's growth? To being with, it has a smarty designed freemium structure, where the basic (free) plan covers all your essentials. You get up to 100 participants per meeting, up to 40-minute-long group meetings, HD support, and even ticket-based service support.

For companies that go in for a paid version, there are additional features like call recording storage on the cloud, enhanced security, add-ons for business telephony, adoption analytics, and meetings where you can invite up to 1000 participants.

Prices range from $14.99 to $19.99 per host per month, while in the case of Microsoft Teams, you'd have to invest $5 for every user unless you opt for the free version.

Microsoft Teams alternatives #2: Cisco Webex

Cisco's acquisition of Webex in 2007 was a brilliant move. It brought together Cisco's rich history of network and end-point innovation with Webex' collaboration tools. Today, you can access a wide variety of solutions under Cisco Webex, including events, meetings, conferencing, collaboration, training contact centres, and remote support.

As a Microsoft Teams alternative, you can consider Cisco's own Webex Teams.

Webex Teams is built on Cisco's collaboration technology, bundling together business essentials like chat, online meetings, file storage/sharing, a calendar, and a cloud-based whiteboard. Its interface is similar to Slack or Microsoft Teams - which is now more or less the industry standard. You can switch devices between meetings, replace your inbox with a smarter chat + file workflow, see previews of the file content from within the app, and keep it all secure with end-to-end encryption.

Cisco Webex integrates with nearly every major app, like Zendesk, Trello, Google Drive, Box, and even Twitter.

Microsoft Teams alternative #3: Google Meet

Google Meet has recently made ripples in the UC community, and with good reason. Meet (erstwhile known as hangouts Meet) is Google's flagship conferencing product, which is now freely available to ease communication during the pandemic. Google has paid special attention to security - a major challenge with so many people adopting WFH.

In fact, a popular Microsoft Teams alternative, Zoom, has repeatedly faced scrutiny for its lapses in security.

Google gets this perfectly right. It has equipped Meet with end-to-end data encryption, two-step authentication, compliance with all major security/privacy standards, and a service called Access Transparency for paid users.

This is on top of Google Meet's incredible breadth of features. Up to 250 participants can join a video meeting and you can stream live video to up to 100,000 viewers. For meetings with 16 participants or less, you can access a tiled gallery that lets you view every participant at a glance.

Meet is available for free and a paid upgrade will get you access to the full set of G-Suite apps.

How Does Microsoft Teams Stack Up Against these Alternatives?

Microsoft has made Teams a free standalone platform, considering the pandemic. It has a solid feature roadmap in place, like a gallery-like view of participants, multi-window chat support, and the ability to use more than one Teas account at the same time. Support for additional devices is also on the cards. All told, Microsoft faces stiff competition from Zoom, Webex, and Google and would have to enrich its product continuously to standout.

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Searching for a Microsoft Teams Alternative?

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Looking at the numbers, you wouldn't think that Microsoft Teams is just about three years old. It had 44 million daily active users in April - in May, this number jumped by 70% to reach 75 million daily active users.

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Achetez CleanMyMac X : nettoyage, optimisation et protection pour Mac | Boutique officielle MacPaw

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Achetez CleanMyMac X : nettoyage, optimisation et protection pour Mac | Boutique officielle MacPaw

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MacPaw Store: Get flawless Mac with CleanMyMac X

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Buy CleanMyMac X to keep your Mac clean, running fast, and protected from adware. Existing CleanMyMac users can also upgrade to CleanMyMac X at a 50% discount.

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14 Best Z-Library Alternatives 2022 - Rigorous Themes

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14 Best Z-Library Alternatives 2022 - Rigorous Themes

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Z-Library is a digital library that allows you to download ebooks for free. With a wide variety of ebooks available on a wide range of subjects, Z-library is one of the most popular free online libraries.

Z-Library has millions of ebooks and dozens of millions of articles. Instead of buying ebooks from places like Amazon Kindle, you can get them for free on Z-Library.

That's because Z-Library is a community-driven site. Users upload ebook files so others can enjoy them as well.

However, Z-Library has several major disadvantages.

The first is that it places a daily limit on the number of free ebooks you can download. If you aren't signed in, you can only download five ebooks a day; even if you are signed in, you can only download 10 books a day unless you pay for the premium membership.

While Z-Library claims it is a nonprofit, it forces users to make a "donation" to increase the daily download limit for 31 days, after which they will have to make another donation.

Furthermore, not all books are available as PDF downloads, and the file converter feature to convert ePub files to PDF, TXT, and other file formats is reserved for premium members.

If you're looking for free audiobooks, Z-Library also isn't a good choice. While it has an amazing selection of ebooks and articles, it is lacking audiobooks.

You will also have to be okay with pirated content when using Z-Library, as a lot of the content on the site isn't in the public domain, and Z-Library isn't legally allowed to offer it to you. However, if you're not okay with pirating, there are some other fully legal alternatives to Z-Library available as well.

Finally, while Z-Library's selection is one of the largest on the web, there are some ebooks that it doesn't have, so it's worth knowing about Z-Library alternatives that may have specific books that Z-Library does not. That is especially true if you're looking for academic textbooks and magazines.

Best Z-Library Alternatives

Library Genesis, commonly called LibGen, is my #1 free alternative to Z-Library. It's also among the most popular ebook-sharing sites.

Unlike Z-Library, it doesn't impose any daily download limits, so you can download as many books as you want at once without paying anything.

You can expect to find nearly all of the ebooks and articles available on Z-Library on LibGen as well. That's because Z-Library reportedly draws from the same sources as Library Genesis and is essentially just another front for the same books - except that it charges for additional daily downloads.

I will admit that Library Genesis doesn't have the most user-friendly interface. The interface is a bit outdated and can take a few minutes to get used to, but I wouldn't say it's terribly complicated either.

On Library Genesis, you can find ebooks, scholarly articles, comics, magazines, and more. The files are all clean, and you can filter your search using the available filters.

If the main LibGen.is site doesn't work, try mirror sites like LibGen.rs, LibGen.st, and LibGen.li.

When searching on LibGen.li specifically, I recommend toggling on the "Show Covers" option, as it will make it easier to differentiate between ebooks and articles.

LibGen will typically give you links to a few mirror download sites for each ebook or article.

Explore the best alternatives to LibGen.

PDFDrive is another excellent Z-Library alternative that has no download limits, unlike Z-Library. According to PDF Drive, it has over 78 million ebooks currently on the site, which is a lot bigger than Z-Library's database, which has under 10 million ebooks according to Wikipedia.

PDF Drive does have a premium membership, but it isn't so that you can remove download limits, because there are none. Instead, the premium membership gives you access to perks like quicker downloads and unlimited cloud storage to store your ebooks so you can read them online on your other devices.

Unlike Z-Library, PDF Drive also has an Android app. However, it is not available from the Google Play Store but rather as a downloadable APK file from the PDF Drive website.

Also, as the name suggests, PDF Drive offers PDF versions of its ebooks by default, so you won't have to worry about needing a third-party reader app for an ePub file like you might on Z-Library.

You may also be able to convert the PDF file to an ePub or MOBE file, but you won't have to pay extra for that.

Project Gutenberg is a free library of over 60,000 ebooks. While that's nowhere near as many as the millions of ebooks on Z-Library, Project Gutenberg is very different from Z-Library in the way it works.

Z-Library allows users to upload any ebook. It doesn't care about copyright restrictions - indeed, you can find many pirated ebooks on Z-Library.

Project Gutenberg, on the other hand, does care about copyrights. It screens each submission to make sure that the book is in the public domain or otherwise copyright-free before including it on its site.

That is why there is a much smaller selection of books available. However, if you're worried about using pirate sites and infringing on copyrights, Project Gutenberg is a better choice.

Usually, each book will have a plain text version available, and there may also be other versions, like ePub, PDF, and Kindle file formats available.

Project Gutenberg allows you to upload files directly to DropBox, Google Drive, and Microsoft Drive.

In case you were wondering, Project Gutenberg has been around since 1971, long before Z-Library, which was founded in 2009 according to the Z-Library website footer.

In fact, Gutenberg is the oldest digital library in the world! Its goal, from the get-go, has been to transcribe physical books into a digital format and make them available to anyone who has a computer (and now phone).

There are no limits, and you are free to use it for as long as you want without any registration required.

Also Read: Best Comic Readers For Android & iOS

Another awesome alternative to Z-Library is Standard Ebooks. Unlike Z-Library, it is not only entirely free but also open source.

You'll be able to see each and every change made to ebooks and submit your own edits. Also, on GitHub, you can see the source code for the project's website and toolset.

Unlike Z-Library, you won't have to worry about copyright infringement when using Standard Ebooks. That's because it makes sure to include only books that are in the public domain or copyright-free.

It also releases the digital versions it creates into the public domain, so you can feel free to share them with friends.

You'll never have to pay to use Standard Ebooks. You can download or read as many ebooks as you want, without creating an account or being forced to make donations to remove daily limits.

It has its own eReader, which allows you to read ebooks online without downloading files, unlike Z-Library.

The eReader uses beautiful typography that is easy on the eyes. Furthermore, you can typically download an ePub version and/or a Kindle version.

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EPDF is an excellent alternative to Z-Library that is entirely free, with no download limits. It focuses exclusively on PDF files, unlike Z-Library, so you won't need to worry about getting an eReader for ePub files.

Anyone can upload ebooks to EPDF, although that doesn't mean they have the right to. However, authors are allowed to issue copyright notices and request that EPDF take down files if they were shared without permission.

EPDF also integrates with Zavo, an online tool that allows you to compress PDF files before downloading them to reduce their size.

An interesting alternative to Z-Library is The Imperial Library of Trantor, or the Galactic Library, found at Trantor.is.

According to the website, it doesn't believe in copyright laws, which is why it has made it its mission to provide ePub versions of ebooks for free - and it promises not to comply with any copyright or takedown requests from corporations.

It has over 1.4 million ebooks in the library, and unlike Z-Library, it is open source, with the source code available on GitLab.

Another famous shadow library is Sci-Hub, founded in Kazakhstan and used all around the world. It has several mirror sites, but the main one is Sci-Hub.se.

While Z-Library focuses on both ebooks and articles, Sci-Hub is the better choice for those conducting scholarly and scientific research, as it focuses mostly on scholarly articles.

It has almost 90 million research documents, including journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, and more. According to Sci-Hub, its database covers over 95% of the major scientific publishers and contains 100TB of files altogether, so you can find pretty much any major journal on it.

You'll be able to find research articles starting from 1980.

Sci-Hub was created to help scholarly researchers. If you're a scholarly researcher using the internet for research frequently, you'll know that many articles are hidden behind paywalls and premium membership subscriptions.

If you're a fan of transparency, you'll also like Sci-Hub better than Z-Library. Z-Library is a good site, but it's a bit shrouded in mystery.

The founder of Sci-Hub, on the other hand, has an entire page dedicated to her story, complete with her motivation for the project and personal photos.

Sci-Hub is available in both English and Russian, and it relies entirely on donations for site maintenance and legal battle costs. You can make donations with crypto, and at one point, Sci-Hub even maintained a public list of all donations it received.

Hoopla is an excellent site if you have a library membership with a participating public library in the United States or Canada.

Getting a membership at your public library is free, and you may even be able to do it online, depending on your library. Otherwise, you might be able to pick up a library card or have one sent to you after completing a short registration process at your local public library.

Hoopla works a bit differently from Z-Library. Like a library membership, it allows you to borrow books for a set period before returning them, and you also have a monthly limit on how many books you can borrow.

The monthly limits are set not by Hoopla but by your local library, so I can't give a one-size-fits-all rule here. However, I can say that most ebooks and audiobooks can be borrowed for three weeks (21 days), after which they will automatically return.

However, your library may give you an option to renew the borrowing term. If it doesn't, you can just check out the book again, as many people can borrow the same book at once.

Hoopla, unlike Z-Library, doesn't restrict you to ebooks. It's also an excellent source of free audiobooks, something that Z-Library doesn't offer!

Besides, you can check out movies, comics, music, and more.

Unlike Z-Library, Hoopla also has a mobile app that is pretty intuitive to use, allowing you to read ebooks and listen to audiobooks straight from your phone. Just log in with your library card and you'll get instant access to hundreds of thousands of titles.

Another awesome alternative to Z-Library for audiobooks is OverDrive, which is also available through participating public libraries and schools. OverDrive is available in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, Taiwan, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and others.

Libby, by OverDrive, is a mobile app that is the perfect alternative to Z-Library for mobile users. It allows you to check out ebooks and audiobooks using your library card for free.

You'll also be able to listen to audiobooks on your phone or in your car by connecting your phone to your car via Bluetooth, Android Auto, or Apple CarPlay.

When listening to audiobooks, you can speed up the playback speed up to 3x to finish the audiobook quicker or set a sleep timer if you like to listen to audiobooks in bed while falling asleep.

If you're using Libby via a participating US library, you'll be able to send ebooks to your Kindle device.

Otherwise, just read ebooks using Libby's built-in eReader, which has a user-friendly interface and allows you to customize the reading experience by changing the font, book layout, and more.

Other than ebooks and audiobooks, you can also check out magazines and comics.

Libby syncs across all your devices, which means you can start reading on your phone and continue on your tablet - the app will save and sync your bookmarks, reading progress, notes, and more.

OverDrive and Libby are always free to use; you'll just need a library card from your local public library.

What if you are looking for a Z-Library alternative for audiobooks but don't have a library membership? In that case, check out LibriVox!

It is the best online library for public domain, copyright-free audiobooks.

Audiobooks on LibriVox are read by volunteers who read books out loud and upload the audio to the site. The books being read are in the public domain, and LibriVox releases all recordings uploaded to the site into the public domain as well.

Anyone can volunteer to narrate a book for LibriVox. That means that the voice recordings aren't necessarily done by professional voice-over artists.

It also means that for some books, different chapters might be narrated by different voices.

However, LibriVox is entirely free, doesn't display any ads, and will never charge you for listening to audiobooks.

Archive.org is famous for Wayback Machine, which allows you to see archived websites and snapshots of websites from the past, even if those websites have since been taken down. However, Wayback Machine is only one of its projects.

Another of Archive.org's projects is its massive library, which contains millions of digitized versions of books in addition to hundreds of billions of web pages, millions of hours of TV and video, and lots of audio as well.

If you are signed in, you can borrow books from Archive.org's library, with books available to be borrowed for one hour or 14 days, depending on how many copies Archive.org has of the book. If the book is currently checked out by someone and not available for borrowing, you can join a waitlist.

I recommend using the more user-friendly Open Library instead, which is another of Archive.org's projects, with the goal of creating a web page for every book that exists to build the largest book catalog ever. It has around 20 million books cataloged, and around two million books are available in full as digital versions.

You can read books from Open Library in your browser or download them to your device. Furthermore, books have audio versions as well, so Open Library is also an excellent alternative to Z-Library for audiobooks.

Archive.org is a nonprofit California State Library, which means you won't have to worry about any copyright infringement or violating piracy laws when using it, unlike Z-Library. All books on Archive.org are copyrighted but you can legally borrow them.

As Vox explains, Archive.org actually owns physical versions of each book it digitizes, and it lends out the digital copies like any library would lend out physical copies, which is how it avoids copyright infringement. For that reason, it is only allowed to lend out one digital copy at a time, so two people can't borrow the same ebook at once.

Some ebooks may also be uploaded by the original authors.

I mentioned that finding textbooks on Z-Library can sometimes be hard, but Open Textbook Library is a great alternative that you may find useful. It focuses exclusively on textbooks, and it is run by the University of Minnesota.

All textbooks on Open Textbook Library are in the public domain, so you won't have to worry about violating any copyright laws. You can search for textbooks by subject, such as business, law, math, etc.

Open Textbooks is part of the Open Education Network by the University of Minnesota. Not only are all textbooks free, but you can usually edit them as per the Creative Commons license.

Furthermore, most textbooks are peer-reviewed.

As of now, there are over 1,000 textbooks available on Open Textbook Library, with new ones added all the time.

FreeBookSpot is an interesting alternative to Z-Library because it doesn't upload any books itself. Instead, it provides a search engine to help you find links to ebooks hosted on third-party hosting sites, uploaded by users.

Unlike Z-Library, FreeBookSpot doesn't charge any fees. However, the third-party file-hosting sites may put some restrictions on the number of downloads you can make.

Other file-hosting sites may give you the option of a free download and then charge more for a faster download. You can choose the free download to avoid paying anything.

Each file hosting site is different, and some books may have files on more than one hosting site.

While FreeBookSpot doesn't take any responsibility for the files hosted on third-party sharing sites it links to, it does allow you to report bad links - files that were taken down.

Anyone can upload an ebook to a file-sharing site and share the link on FreeBookSpot. Uploaders can also share the password to access the file on the third-party file-sharing site if necessary.

PDF Magazine is a cool alternative to Z-Library because it focuses on magazines instead of ebooks. Finding the latest magazine releases on Z-Library might be tough, but PDF Magazine has recent releases from magazines like Country Life UK, Storica National Geographic, Elle Netherlands, and many others.

I noticed that a lot of the magazines were from Europe, though there are many English-language releases as well.

You can browse past releases, too! There are over 600,000 magazines currently in PDF format on PDF Magazine.

You can browse through magazines by category.

Also Read: Best Rclone Alternatives

Wrapping It Up: What Is The Best Alternative to Z-Library?

The best alternative to Z-Library is Library Genesis or LibGen.

It imposes no download limits, and it is one of the largest and most-used shadow libraries on the web.

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Z-Library is a digital library that allows you to download ebooks for free. With a wide variety of ebooks available on a wide range of subjects, Z-library is one of the most popular free online libraries. Z-Library has millions of ebooks and dozens of millions of articles.

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