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Causes of World War I

Alliances that divided Europe into competing camps

Nationalistic feelings

Diplomatic failures

Imperialism

Competition over colonies

Militarism

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Major events

Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand

United States enters war

Russia leaves the war

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Major leaders
• Woodrow Wilson
• Kaiser Wilhelm II

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Outcomes and global effects

Colonies’ participation in the war, which increased demands for independence

End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian empires

Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social disruption

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Treaty of Versailles

Forced Germany to accept guilt for war and loss of territory and pay reparations

Limited the German military

League of Nations

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Causes of 1917 revolutions

Defeat in war with Japan in 1905 Landless peasantry

Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II

Military defeats and high casualties in World War I

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Rise of communism

Bolshevik Revolution and civil war

Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy

Lenin’s successor—Joseph Stalin

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League of Nations

International cooperative organization

Established to prevent future wars

United States not a member

Failure of League because it did not have power to enforce its decisions

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The mandate system

During World War I, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves.

After the war, the “mandate system” gave Great Britain and France control over the lands that became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) and Syria and Lebanon (French controlled).

The division of the Ottoman Empire through the mandate system planted the seeds for future conflicts in the Middle East.

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1. Militarism: the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
2. Triple Alliance: a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
3. Triple Entente: France, Russia, and Great Britain
4. Central Powers: WW1 alliance Germany, Austria- Hungary, and the Ottoman empire
5. Allied Powers: the coalition formed by Britain and her colonies (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and India), France, and Russia from the Beginning of the war, and later other countries like Belgium, Italy, and the US