# data[].attributes.headline
How Seattle Became a City (1851-1869) by Avery

# data[].attributes.subject
How Seattle Became a City (1851-1869) by Avery

# data[].attributes.body
About 4,000 years ago Seattle was Duwamish land. The Denny party arrived at Alki Point in 1851. The Denny party was Arthur Denny and his group of travelers. They settled in Alki. Isaac Stevens came to Seattle from Massachusetts. He was appointed to be the first governor
of Washington and lived in Olympia. He originally worked in the military. In the early 1850's, he forced the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes to sign away their home land. Conflict between the settlers and the natives, then, started the Puget Sound War in 1855. After the Treaty of Medicine Creek was signed, Chief Leschi decided to fight rather than give up the land. The war ended with Chief Leschi's death in 1856. Stevens left Washington in 1857 after being elected into Congress. The settlers moved across Elliot Bay to Pioneer Square. The village was named Seattle, after a Native chief who had befriended the settlers. One of Seattle's biggest booms was the Klondike Gold Rush, when a map to Klondike was made by a Seattle resident. The route ran straight through the city. People everywhere used the rout to Klondike, buying goods from Seattle on their way. The booming business helped after the Great Seattle Fire.

# data[].attributes.body
by Nora

On March 14, 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt wrote the executive order establishing Pelican Island as the first refuge in the current National Wildlife Refuge System. The NWRS conserves America's fish, wildlife, and plants in sanctioned public lands and waters. There is at least one NWR in every state. The NWRS has more than 560 refuges, 38 wetland management districts, and other protected areas. The nearest NWRSs in our area are the Dungeness Wildlife Refuge System and the Billy Frank Jr Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge.

# data[].attributes.body
The Shah was in charge of Iran. On January 19, 1979 he and his family went  on a    "vacation" and never returned.  The spring of that year Ayatollah Khomani took the Shah's place, this was the Iranian revolution.  After leaving Iran and bouncing around other countries, the Shah was diagnosed with cancer and went to the United States for the best medical care.  The Iranians were furious that the US took in the Shah and so on November 4, 1979 Iranian protestors attacked the US Embassy in Tehran, Iran.  The mob took 63 hostages at the embassy and 3 more hostages at the Iranian Office of Foreign Ministry.  Ayatollah Khomani ordered them to release 13 hostages and one additional hostage due to a medical condition.  That left 52 remaining hostages.  The US asked Iran to release the hostages but they refused unless the US would return the Shah to them, but the US said no.  In response the US froze Iranian assets (money) held in US bank accounts.  After Ronald Reagan became president, the Iranians began to feel the pressure and were starting to give up.  In exchange for the hostages, the US unfroze their money.  The crisis lasted for 444 days.  The US paid $10,000 to each of the 52 hostages for every day they were held by the Iranians. The total bill was over $230 million dollars.  In addition, the US paid the spouses and children of each hostage $600,000.

# data[].attributes.body
The RMS Titanic was built on March 31, 1909 and finished by April 2, 1912.
The Titanic was built with three parts to it: First class, Second class, and Third class.
First class was where the rich, rich people went, there tickets almost cost more than a sailor gets in a lifetime.
Second class is where the families went.
Third class is where people go off to America to find a better life.
The RMS Titanic started in England and went all the way across the Atlantic ocean to New York harbor. April 10th, 1912.The Titanic just left England. 4 days later on April 14th, 1912, 11:27  pm the Titanic hits a small iceberg. Everybody thinks it just got a little scrape but they are wrong. The captain calls everybody on deck. The Titanic starts sinking from the end of the ship, and the people on the ship started to get  worried. The captain calls the life boats to get ready.
The captain is scared because he knows that 2,224 people are on the RMS Titanic
and the life boats can only hold 1,500 people.
The Titanic starts to sink more and more and people start to get sea sick and throw up. The crew of the Titanic calls out ''WOMAN AND CHILDRAN FRIST''!
The crew also tried to work as fast as possible.
And they did, but they were working so fast that they did not notice how many people were in the boats so half of the life boats where only half filled.
Some of the men on the ship dove in the  ice cold water and tried to swim to a life boat. 2:20 AM April 15 1912, the Titanic looked up for a minute at the stars and went under the Atlantic ocean. The next morning a light appeared, and then some more, and then a huge ship! It was the RMS Carpathia and it had come to the rescue. It had saved 710 people, but the 1,517 rest had not made it.
The RMS Carpathia had got all the 710 people safely to New York harbor. 73 years later, Dr. Robert Ballerd  was determined to find the Titanic. So he made a underwater robot named Argo. 3 days later something big had shown up on Argo's camera. Robert soon found out that it was the Titanic. He went down there with Argo and found that the ship was still beautiful.

# data[].attributes.body
The Vietnam war started because North Vietnam wanted to unify North Vietnam and South Vietnam and become communist. South Vietnam did not want to be under communist regime so they started a war. The North Vietnam along with allies in the South,the Viet Cong fought the South with the help of other communist countries,the Soviet Union and China. The U.S. sent applies and troops to help. But soon  South Vietnam and the U.S. were starting to lose so the U.S. abandoned the war. The North won the war in 1975 and Vietnam became a communist country. The U.S. troop casualties were estimated at 200,000 to 250,000 and Vietnam casualties were estimated at 1.1 million.

# data[].attributes.body
The treehouse was built in 1910
Most people thought it would burn down
Because it was made of wood
But surpriseingly it did not
After that people built the brick building and
They thought they would take down the Tree house
But then they needed both buildings

# data[].attributes.body
The Declaration of Independence was a document declaring the 13 American colonies independent from Great Britain. It was approved July 4, 1776. Five people were assigned to write it but Thomas Jefferson gets most of the credit. The five men were John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman. There were no fewer than 86 changes. The most important change was that they took out slavery because they wanted no mention of slavery in the nation's document.

# data[].attributes.body
The first personal computer was created in 1974. It was named Altair 8800. If you wanted to buy the Altair 8800 it came unassembled in a package and it cost $439. To buy it already built it cost $621. This computer was very popular but it was very expensive for the 20th century. Bill Gates and Steve Jobs both bought one of these computers. Bill Gates and Paul Allen created the company Microsoft and their first product was the programming language for the Altair 8800.

# data[].attributes.body
Katrina was a major hurricane that quickly turned into a category 5 at 6:00 am. It lasted between August 23rd to August 31st 2005. The highest wind speed was 175 mph. The storm originated in the Bahamas. The water got inland between 6 to 12 miles from the beach. It affected New Orleans, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas and the Gulf of Mexico. The reconstruction cost 125 billion dollars. About 1,833 people lost their lives.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

# data[].attributes.body
The Bureau of Indian Affairs or B.I.A was formed on March 11, 1824 by a secretary of war John C. Calhoun. He created an agency as a division within his department. The B.I.A is an agency of the federal government of the US department of the interior. The  B.I.A is held responsible for the administration   and management of 55.7 acres of land held  in trust by the United States for American Indian, Indian Tribes, and Alaskan Natives. The B.I.A is also responsible  for administrating the United State's overall relationship with more than 500 tribes. The B.I.A is still in service today.

# data[].attributes.body
The women's suffrage movement was a period in history that resulted in women being able to vote. New Zealand was the first country to allow women to vote in 1893, and Saudi Arabia was the last in 2011. China, India, and Columbia where around the middle. These 3 women where a big part of women's rights: Susan Brownell Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They were all fighting for women's rights especially in the United States. Carrie was the founder of the League of Women Voters, and the president of the National American Women's Suffrage Association. If not for her, the 19th amendment (which allows women to vote) wouldn’t exist. Susan was anti-slavery as well as a humongous activist in women's voting. She also got arrested for voting and decided to change the fact that women could not vote.  Alongside Susan, Elizabeth was Susan's partner in some of the encounters she had.
Elizabeth was also a big part of the Seneca Falls Convention along with Lucretia Mott, because the people where gathered at Elizabeth’s house for the convention. The Seneca Falls Convention’s advertisement was this: "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". We won!

# data[].attributes.body
9/11 was a terrible terrorist attack on the Twin Towers in New York and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. George Bush was president when this tragic event happened. The planes they used were American Airlines and United Airlines. Nineteen terrorists hijacked the planes that they used to crash into the Pentagon and Twin Towers. The pentagon was fixed in less than a year. New Yorkers also made a museum about 9/11. Nine eleven happened September 11, 2001. More than 1,000 people died from the attacks of 9/11. The perpetrators were Al-Qaeda. The war we fought was the war on terror, a.k.a. the global war on terrorism.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1853 the U.S. Congress created the Washington territory. After that a railroad was completed in 1883 to get from the east coast to the puget sound. Because of the train, so many people came to the Washington territory that everyone there could apply to statehood. Finally in 1889 Washington became the 42nd state.

# data[].attributes.body
The QAE treehouse was built in 1910

# data[].attributes.body
The great Seattle fire destroyed the district of Seattle. It burned for hours and cost $20 million in damage! It destroyed 25 blocks! thats a LOT of money.

# data[].attributes.headline
Same Sex Marriage legalized in the U.S. - Ruby

# data[].attributes.subject
Same Sex Marriage legalized in the U.S. - Ruby

# data[].attributes.body
On June 26,2015 the Supreme Court ruled that all states in the U.S. must uphold the rights for same sex couples to be married. It means that the 13 states with bans on same sex marriage would no longer be able to enforce them. The final decision was 5-4 (5 justices ruling in favor and 4 against.) The case was concerning a man named Jim Obergefell an Ohio resident who was not recognized as the legal widower of his husband John Arthur. Jim challenged that decision and the case eventually went to the Supreme Court.

# data[].attributes.body
The Oregon Trail ran approximately 2,000 miles from independence, Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon. Hundreds of thousands of American pioneers used it to emigrate west in the mid-1800s.

A woman named Lucinda Brown traveled West along the Oregon Trail with over 400,00 people to start a new life and claim new land. On the way, her husband Elias got very sick with chills and fever and died. Sadly, he never made it to his destination, along with 20,000 other pioneers. About 10 graves were planted each mile. Lucinda and her two children continued on.

Each year the number of pioneers on the Oregon Trail looking for farm land grew and grew, from 70 in 1841, to 100 in 1842,to 1,000 in 1843.

170 years later, one of the items from the journey along the Oregon Trail still exists, Lucinda's kettle.

# data[].attributes.headline
The first people to live in the Pacific Northwest : By Carmella G. Egerdahl

# data[].attributes.subject
The first people to live in the Pacific Northwest : By Carmella G. Egerdahl

# data[].attributes.body
People have lived in the Pacific Northwest for 1000 or more years.  There is even evidence that people may have been living here 14,000 to 16,000 years ago.  There are caves in Oregon with possible evidence, but some people argue this may not be true.  Indigenous people were the first people to live in the Pacific Northwest.  Native Americans came to North America on a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska when the sea levels were low. In 1592, the Spanish explorer Juan de Fuca was one of the first europeans to visit the Pacific Northwest.
(Pictured Below: Chief Seattle)

# data[].attributes.body
On September 22nd 1862 Abraham Lincoln released the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order from Abraham Lincoln saying free all slaves he freed around 3 million slaves in the South. The Emancipation Proclamation took effect on January 1st 1863 (around 1 month before Abraham Lincolns birthday). Abraham Lincoln was 53 years old when he released the Emancipation Proclamation and 54 years old when it took effect.

# data[].attributes.body
The first tv was invented by Philo Taylor Farnsworth in 1927. Farnsworth was the first to transmit an picture over thin air. The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) pressured Farnsworth to sell his invention but he declined because he wanted continuess royalties but David Sarnoff ( the person in charge of RCA) would not allow that. Sarnoff tried to stop his success but failed and gave in. Farnsworth was working for RCA and getting continuos royalties from them. Sarnoff expected to start selling televisions in the 1930s but actually started selling them in the 1950s because the technology was better and he was ready to promote it. Sarnoff was eventually hit with a challenge. There was no reliable way to send a signal by broadcast, and there was no public demand for television because there were radios. Also there was a man who challenged him in the radio industry and now in the television industry. His name was William Paley. He was given a fledgling radio network called CBS. Anything could mess up a broadcast so scientists needed to solve this problem. They made small progress but that costed them big bucks. Sarnoff spent millions and was about to spend more. In the late 1930s it seemed like television wasn't going to catch on. Sets were too expensive. The signal was weak. But at the wold fair Sarnoff announced that there would be a broadcast everyday. Farnsworth was mentioned at the fair but was slowly forgotten when he went back to the U.K. Sarnoff took credit for the invention of the television. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was ordered to help the broadcasts be better but Chairman Fly wanted a better hold on the television  industry. He pushed an antitrust law through congress but he was not ready for this, so next time the government came between him and his dream for television he would be ready.

# data[].attributes.body
It all started on October 29, 1929.The stock market crashed and so did everybody else. By 1932, 13 million lost jobs.
This was later known as the great depression, if you were rich in this moment you would get richer, but if you were poor all your money and everything else would get lost, and probably go to the rich. The cause of the great Depression was not the stock market crashing but it took a big roll in it.
The great depression happened because 60% percent of the United States of America where using fake money. Everyone who did not have a job would most likely be in a bread line or walking all around town for a job to earn money.
The great depression lasted about 10 years,1929 to 1939. Then every thing was back to normal.

# data[].attributes.body
World War I was called The Great War and The War To End All Wars. World War I was during 1914-1918. It was the first global war, involving over 65 million soldiers. World War I involved over 30 countries including the U.K., France, Russia, Germany, the Ottoman Empire ( Turkey ), and the U.S. There was 2,500 miles of trench . That's like 4 inches per soldier. Dogs were a big part of World War I . Dogs were used to save soldiers when they were fighting. In 1918-1919 there was an influenza outbreak killing more American soldiers than on the battlefield. Along 2/3s of the Western front there was a brief truce. Near Ypres, Belgium they played soccer : the U.K 2 Germany 3. The truce was spontaneous on Christmas eve.

# data[].attributes.body
By  the 1700s, Britain had 13 colonies on the east coast of North America.

The reason why there was a revolution was because the British didn’t want to lose control of the North American colonies, and the colonists wanted to be independent because they didn’t like the harsh rules.

What sparked it was the Boston Tea Party on Dec. 16, 1773. Colonists unhappy with the high tea tax, climbed onto British boats in Boston Harbor and threw 332 crates of tea into the sea.

Colonists eventually overpowered the British and won the war with the help of the French.

# data[].attributes.headline
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution-Flora

# data[].attributes.subject
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution-Flora

# data[].attributes.body
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was very important because it banned slavery in all American states. The U.S Constitution abolished slavery around April 8, 1865. a number of states did not agree about the 13th amendment until December 6. This was a big impact. They did this to protect the rights of the freed poeple

# data[].attributes.body
The civil war was caused by the upcoming differences between free and slaved states. The civil war was fought between 1861 and 1865. The civil war was fought in the quite a few different states such as Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia and many other state around there. About 620,000 Americans died in the civil war out of the over 3,000,000 that fought. The civil war has been by far the bloodiest war in the whole world.

# data[].attributes.headline
Lewis and Clark corps of discovery -Jackson

# data[].attributes.subject
Lewis and Clark corps of discovery -Jackson

# data[].attributes.body
200 years ago Meriwether Lewis and William Clark had to make an expedition to the newly bought and unexplored Louisiana territory which was a huge space covering over 800,000 square miles they  had to travel 3,700 miles from the Mississippi River to the Pacific ocean on horseback, boats and on foot. Wow that must have been hard! They made contact with a lot of wild animals and encountering some Indian tribes on the way! They collected new plants and other specimens.

They had to travel on the Lolo trail through the Bitterroot mountains it took 11 days to get through the mountains and they almost starved. Lucky for them the Nez Perc'e Indians fed them and took care of their horses until they went on their way. They finally got to the Columbia river and built a cabin for the winter and made preparations for the journey home.

Back through the mountains they split up in to party's and observed the new land more thoroughly.

Lewis took a northern route and crossed paths with the first violent Indians they had met on the journey.

Clark went on a more southern route and ended up on the Yellowstone river. They rejoined back on the Missouri river and made their way home.

# data[].attributes.body
Johannes Gutenberg lived in Germany from (c.1398-1468). He was trained as a stonecutter and goldsmith. Gutenberg began working on the printing press in 1436. His printing press was made of wood. He was the first man to create movable type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony. Gutenberg invented oil based ink, his ink is more durable than the water based ink we use today. For printing material he used paper, and vellum, vellum is thin parchment made originally made from calf skin. Gutenberg's innovative printing press made books less expensive and more available to people, and libraries. In 1452, Gutenberg began a detailed project of printing nearly 200 bibles. Today, only 22 partial copies are known to exist, o7 are on velum.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1937 Japan and China went to war with each other after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident took place on the Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing, China when conflict between the Japanese and Chinese troops resulted in war. Later, Japan attack the USA on December 7, 1941, by bombing Pearl Harbor.

WWII started officially when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. On September 3, 2 days later, France and Britain declared war on Germany which was led by Adolf Hitler. Germany's goal was to wipe out the Jews and build an empire. Germany defeated Poland weeks after the invasion. Germany then attacked France, which fell in 1940, with the help of Italy. Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands were also conquered by Hitler. Germany finally surrendered to the Allies (the U.K., U.S., China and Soviet Union) on May 9, 1945, marking the start of the end of the war.

# data[].attributes.body
It began on April 1916 by Padraig O Pearce, Thomas McDonnagh, Tom Clarke, Joseph Mary Plunket, Eamon Ceant and Sean McDiarmada. It was where Ireland tried and failed to gain independence from England. In late May 1916 the Irish surrendered as they were cornered in the G.P.O. (general post office) and various other places by the British who were armed with rifles and other heavy artillery.