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Surface learning is critical because it provides a foundation on which to build as students are asked to think more deeply."

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Surface learning is critical because it provides a foundation on which to build as students are asked to think more deeply."

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With out the surface learning , building the foundation of vocabulary, concepts, deeper learning is hindered. Students can struggle to connect and deepen their understanding.

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Learning should be moving beyond the surface where students are learners and learning becomes more authentic and meaningful. Students can make connections across the content areas and grow their conceptual knowledge.

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Deeper learning requires more authenticity, requires less standardized test prep, and mastery on specific standards.

Depth over breadth

Learners need to apply knowledge or skill and make connections. This will make their understanding deeper.

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Examining new facts and ideas critically. Linking this between ideas.

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Examining new facts and ideas critically. Linking this between ideas.

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Synthesizing to formulate new ideas and apply to real world.

Encourages students to have more meaningful and authentic learning. To notice patterns across content areas.

Ability to generate their own questions...intrinsically driven.

Not regurgitating what they know...bringing new meaning.

Show personal interest in the subject.

Relating new material to what they know and understand...

Critically thinking at deeper levels and applying that knowledge across content areas.

Leads to long term retention.
A sense of ownership in the learning.
Uses organizing principals to share information .

Allows students to make mistakes without penalty...therefore they work harder and feel successful.

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Inquiry based learning is ineffective because it is done too soon.  Student needs a foundation or surface knowledge before they can jump into inquiry based learning.

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Inquiry based learning is ineffective because it is done too soon.  Student needs a foundation or surface knowledge before they can jump into inquiry based learning.

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Surface learning is good way to build a foundation for new learning.  Should not be used as an exclusive teaching approach.  Leads to rote learning and doesn't lead to transfer of skills. Soley using surface learning has many negative effects for students including anxiety.

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Created by the Digital Media Team and Steve Bradford for general distribution purposes. Please contact Steve for any questions/issues.

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"Surface learning does not mean superficial learning. Rather, surface learning is a time when students initially are exposed to concepts, skills, and strategies. Surface learning is critical because it provides a foundation on which to build as students are asked to think more deeply." - Hattie, Fisher and Frey

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"We define deep learning as a period when students consolidate their understanding and apply and extend some surface learning knowledge to support deeper conceptual understanding . . . We think of this as a 'sweet spot' that will often take up more instructional time, but can be accomplished only when students have the requisite knowledge to go deeper." - Hattie, Fisher and Frey