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Neurotransmitters are ligands that are released from the axon of one nerve cell diffuse across the synapse, and are picked up by the dendrite of another nerve cell. This helps to propagate the signal across several cells.

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Neurotransmitters are ligands that are released from the axon of one nerve cell diffuse across the synapse, and are picked up by the dendrite of another nerve cell. This helps to propagate the signal across several cells.

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The cellular communication method for signaling between cells in different parts of an organism.

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The cellular communication method for signaling between cells in different parts of an organism.

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The cellular communication method that requires a signaling molecule tohave the longest “life”.

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The cellular communication method that requires a signaling molecule tohave the longest “life”.

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Following an initial exposure to an allergen, antibodies are produced and imbedded in the PM of mast cells. If the allergen is reintroduced, it interacts with those antibodies, causing the release of histamine. (In turn, histamine can cause inflammation, increased mucous production, or dilation of the blood vessels.) 

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Following an initial exposure to an allergen, antibodies are produced and imbedded in the PM of mast cells. If the allergen is reintroduced, it interacts with those antibodies, causing the release of histamine. (In turn, histamine can cause inflammation, increased mucous production, or dilation of the blood vessels.) 

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Cells in the human pancreas release insulin when blood sugar levels are elevated. The insulin signals cells in the liver to begin absorbing glucose and convert it to glycogen for storage.

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Cells in the human pancreas release insulin when blood sugar levels are elevated. The insulin signals cells in the liver to begin absorbing glucose and convert it to glycogen for storage.

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Cells in the pituitary gland produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is received by cells in the thyroid. The arrival of TSH in the thyroid triggers production of several hormones, which then travel throughout the body to regulate metabolism.

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Cells in the pituitary gland produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is received by cells in the thyroid. The arrival of TSH in the thyroid triggers production of several hormones, which then travel throughout the body to regulate metabolism.

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The cellular communication method for signaling between cells that are touching, or nearly so.

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The cellular communication method for signaling between cells that are touching, or nearly so.

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Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to determine the population density of their species in a local area. Many bacterial functions would be ineffective in small numbers—infecting a host organism with a toxin, for example—and would therefore be a waste of energy and resources to the bacteria. Each bacterium produces a ligand. If  the concentration of that ligand reaches a critical concentration, thus indicating a sufficient population density for the response to be effective, all bacteria will respond simultaneously.

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Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to determine the population density of their species in a local area. Many bacterial functions would be ineffective in small numbers—infecting a host organism with a toxin, for example—and would therefore be a waste of energy and resources to the bacteria. Each bacterium produces a ligand. If  the concentration of that ligand reaches a critical concentration, thus indicating a sufficient population density for the response to be effective, all bacteria will respond simultaneously.

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Eph receptors in one membrane bind to ephrin ligands in the membrane of a neighboring cell. New findings reveal that these signaling molecules  coordinate developmental processes, as well as the normal physiology and homeostasis of many adult organs. 

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Eph receptors in one membrane bind to ephrin ligands in the membrane of a neighboring cell. New findings reveal that these signaling molecules  coordinate developmental processes, as well as the normal physiology and homeostasis of many adult organs. 

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The cellular communication method that is direct between cells, with no diffusion of the ligand. 

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The cellular communication method that is direct between cells, with no diffusion of the ligand. 

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Some cancer cells release their own growth hormone rather than relying on growth hormones from the host organism or from other cells. This presents challenges to cancer researchers looking for ways to slow the growth of cancer cells.

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Some cancer cells release their own growth hormone rather than relying on growth hormones from the host organism or from other cells. This presents challenges to cancer researchers looking for ways to slow the growth of cancer cells.

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Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to determine the population density of their species in a local area. Many bacterial functions would be ineffective in small numbers—infecting a host organism with a toxin, for example—and would therefore be a waste of energy and resources to the bacteria. Each bacterium produces a ligand. If  the concentration of that ligand reaches a critical concentration, thus indicating a sufficient population density for the response to be effective, all bacteria will respond simultaneously.

# data[].attributes.subject
Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to determine the population density of their species in a local area. Many bacterial functions would be ineffective in small numbers—infecting a host organism with a toxin, for example—and would therefore be a waste of energy and resources to the bacteria. Each bacterium produces a ligand. If  the concentration of that ligand reaches a critical concentration, thus indicating a sufficient population density for the response to be effective, all bacteria will respond simultaneously.

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Morphogens are produced in embryos from a central source early in development. They diffuse throughout the tissue creating a concentration gradient that provides a spatial reference for developing cells. Cells far from the morphogen production will develop into one type of tissue while cells close to the source will develop into a different type of tissue. This allows for differentiation of cell structure early in embryonic development.

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Morphogens are produced in embryos from a central source early in development. They diffuse throughout the tissue creating a concentration gradient that provides a spatial reference for developing cells. Cells far from the morphogen production will develop into one type of tissue while cells close to the source will develop into a different type of tissue. This allows for differentiation of cell structure early in embryonic development.

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Pheromones released by a female gamete cell (egg) provide a pathway for the male gamete cell (sperm) to travel, increasing the possibility of fertilization.

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Pheromones released by a female gamete cell (egg) provide a pathway for the male gamete cell (sperm) to travel, increasing the possibility of fertilization.