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Macbeth begins to have visions which could be due to his guilt playing out for killing his best friend. Throughout the scene he is terrified, guilty of what he had done and worried that even after Banquo's death, Banquo's line can still overthrow him from the grave (His son is still alive).

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1. "There the grown serpent lies. The worm that’s fled. Hath nature that in time will venom breed;", Macbeth says. The image of a predator and prey relationship is present. This time, Banquo is the serpent, and he is assassinated by Macbeth. However, his son Fleance (the worn) was able to flee. Macbeth sees Fleance as a worm as he doesn't find him to be very threatening, like his father. However, there is still a degree of worry in his heart because the witches prophecy says the Banquo's descendents will become king and Macbeth fears that it will come true with Fleance being alive.

2. "The baby of a girl. Hence, horrible shadow! Unreal mockery, hence!", Macbeth says. It draws the audience into the scene and makes them want to see what Macbeth is seeing, it makes the audience’s imaginations work and by Shakespeare using all of these wild metaphors its creates atmosphere and creates great imagery. It creates imagery of the ghost as well as Macbeth's terror. There is a lot of strong and ragin metaphors and everything he says in this speech brings images to our minds.

3. “This is the very painting of your fear; This is the air drawn dagger which you said. Led you to Duncan, O, These flaws and starts”, Lady Macbeth says. She is looking down on him and reflects an important role in this play of hw Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are slowly being torn apart, and this is slowly driving Lady Macbeth insane as well. It is ironic because Macbeth goes from being manipulated by Lady Macbeth, an example being where he murders Duncan.

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Macbeth tries to put on an external persona of him being a valiant and loyal king that is the best that lead the kingdom but throughout act 3 scene 4 his external persona begins to slowly fade as he descends to lunacy. Lady macbeth notices this and tries to get him away

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This technique is called "Dramatic Irony". A great example of dramatic irony in act 3 scene 4, during the banquet, macbeth sees banquo's ghost sitting at the head of the table but the rest of the characters don't.

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1. "But now I am cabin'd, cribb'd, confined, bound in to saucy doubts and fear". In this quote, macbeth finds out that Banquo is dead but fleance escaped. He would have felt secure if the murderers had managed to kill Fleance but now, he is doubtful and fearful. Now because of this, his doubts and fears have left him vulnerable and expose, and have imprisoned him in his own thoughts.
2. "Thou canst say I did it: never shake thy gory locks at me" In this quote, Macbeth is refusing to take blame for Banquo's murder even though he feels guilty as he sent murders to go kill Banquo and he can't shake his head at Macbeth for this crime.
3. "With twenty mortal murders on their crowns" in this quote, he explains that Banquo has risen from the dead (even though he hasn't really, it's just macbeth hallucinating) despite having twenty mortal wounds on his head and took Macbeth's seat in the banquet.

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Macbeth internal emotion during this scene variate from fear to madness. He is experiencing hallucination and seeing things he shouldn’t, this makes him go crazy. The feeling of guiltiness and greed causes him to break down at the dinner.

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Macbeth's internal emotional state during this scene is extremely unstable. This is one example of where his paranoia is starting to take over and control him. He begins the scene feeling uneasy but happy as he welcomes his guests, and waits to hear if the murder was successful. The initial happiness is completed is shadowed by the worry about Fleance escaping. Then he starts to see the ghost of Banquo which turns him into a worried, paranoid, and unstable state.

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Macbeth external emotion during this scene can be very confusing because at first he tried to act as a good king and a great leader, however this nice act disappears where he starts to see the ghost of Banquo and get ahead of himself.

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As he is literally surrounded by the Lords and metaphorically surrounded by his paranoia Macbeth is attempting to present himself as a normal and confident king/leader. Initially, he tries to ignore what he is seeing and continue with the dinner/meeting. However, he is so preoccupied that he appears unstable and unwell to the Lords. As they become concerned Lady Macbeth has to cover for the both of them and ask everyone to leave. Due to Macbeth's inability to set aside his thoughts and fears.

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In act 3 scene 4 Macbeth's emotional state internally varies. At first, he seems okay. However, he starts hallucinating Banquo as a ghost. Making him very unstable, paranoid and anxious. Macbeth hallucinating Banquo symbolizes his guilt that cannot go away.

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1. "The worm that's fled Hath nature that in time will venom breed, no teeth for the present". In this, he is saying that the snake is Banquo and the worm is Fleance and that even though Fleance isn't at threat at that current moment, he may be venemous (revengeful) when he grows into a snake much like his father.
2. "I am in bloods stepped in so fat that should I wade no more, returning where as tedious as go o'er" In this quote, Macbeth is telling Lady macbeth that he is so far in that he can no longer stay calm about it and that as he kills, this leads to more killing being done after and that he has committed too many crimers to turn his life around and find salvation.
3. "Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the

rock" In this quoet, macbeth is comparing his prior state of existing to a marble rock, saying that he was person who used to be strong and in a solid position but now that has all changed due to his doubts and fears.

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Dramatic Irony, where the audience or reader is aware of something important, of which the characters in the story are not aware. An example would be when the ghost disappears, Macbeth regains some of his composure and goes to take his seat at the table. He then states, "I drink to the general joy o' the whole table, And to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss; Would he were here! to all, and him, we thirst, And all to all." It is dramatically ironic that he should drink a toast to Banquo, when he and the audience know that Banquo has been murdered, since one off the Murderers he had hired to kill Banquo had reported on the success of their malicious venture.

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The technique is dramatic irony. This is when the audience is aware of details that the characters are not. In this scene, there are multiple examples of this:

1. The audience knows that Banquo is dead (Murdered), while the Lords think he only did not show up.

2. The audience can see Macbeth's thoughts, in the form of Banquo's ghost that is haunting Macbeth. While Lady Macbeth and the Lords cannot see this, so they do not know what is going on.

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This technique is called dramatic irony where the audience or the readers are aware of what is happening, of which the character of the storied are not. An example of dramatic irony in Macbeth Ac 3 scene 4 is the conversation between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, the lords cannot hear the conversation they are having.

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As Macbeth is surrounded by the Lords, he is metaphorically surrounded by his paranoia, attempting to present himself as a normal and confident king/leader. Initially, he tries to ignore what he is seeing and continue with the dinner/meeting. However this nice and shady act disappears when he starts to see the ghost of Banquo and get ahead of himself.

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Macbeth's internal emotional state during this scene is extremely unstable. This is one example of where his paranoia is starting to take over and control him. He begins the scene feeling uneasy but happy as he welcomes his guests, and waits to hear if the murder was successful. At first, he seems okay. However, he starts hallucinating Banquo as a ghost. Making him very unstable, paranoid and anxious. Macbeth hallucinating Banquo symbolizes his guilt that cannot go away.

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At first, his emotions are lighthearted, he is welcoming the lords into his house as guests to dine with them. He is interrupted by the murderers who trigger his paranoia. We see how this leads him to a state of near insanity as he sees his dead friend because of his guilt. This scene is heavy in guilt, paranoia, and disgust.

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What Macbeth sees in this scene is indescribable for the mortal mind. He wants to appear welcoming to the guests, but then pretends to be unwell to them to avoid the suspicion that his actions would otherwise bring. He wants to present himself as a sane and welcoming individual and fails.

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This technique is called "Dramatic Irony", and is used to give the audience the "oooh when will they find out it's actually this guy who did it?" kind of feel. In the play, this can be seen where the lords are blissfully ignorant of what is happening to Macbeth and they don't know why or what Macbeth is seeing, but the audience knows why.

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"O proper stuff! This is the very painting of your fear. This is the air-drawn dagger which you said Led you to Duncan. Oh, these flaws and starts, Impostors to true fear, would well become A woman’s story at a winter’s fire, Authorized by her grandam. Shame itself! Why do you make such faces? When all’s done, You look but on a stool." In this quote Lady Macbeth is using the same tactic she used to convince Macbeth to kill Duncan, she is making him feel ashamed. In essence what she says here is that the ghost of Banquo is an illusion like the dagger that led him to Duncan, and is just all in his head and he should not let that control him. She then shames him for making such horrified faces to something that doesn't exist and embarrassing himself in front of the lords.

"But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears.—But Banquo’s safe?" In this quote, Macbeth uses irony to describe Banquo's state when he asks if Banquo is safe. Banquo is not safe, he is dead, but Macbeth is so paranoid that he means is he safe from Banquo. In addition, he asks this through his disappointment, he is so paranoid of Banquo exposing him that he can accept that Fleance has escaped.

"There the grown serpent lies; the worm that's fled Hath nature that in time will venom breed, No teeth for the present." Here Macbeth is saying that Banquo, the serpent is dead, but the worm, Fleance, is alive, and will grow and have venom in the future even if he has no teeth now. He is foreshadowing that Fleance will become a threat later even if he is not one now.

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Firstly, in the line, "He’s lying dead in a ditch, with twenty deep gashes in his head” imagery is used to describe the scene in which Banquo’s dead body is located. The audience can imagine a “ditch” that is dark, cold, and empty. They can imagine numerous “gashes” and bloody cuts in his body which emphasizes his death and the painful crime Macbeth and his murderers have committed. Secondly, Macbeth stated, "But now they rise from the dead with twenty fatal head wounds and push us off our stools.” Here, the audience can imagine Banquo’s bloody body with numerous deep cuts rising from the grave as he comes back to life. They can imagine Banquo having control over the world as he can “push” people “off our stools” which allows the audience to predict and think about what other capabilities Banquo might have to ruin Macbeth. Thirdly, when Macbeth says, "There’s no marrow in your bones, and your blood is cold. You’re staring at me with eyes that have no power to see,” the audience can imagine Banquo as just a ghost who has “no power.” It emphasizes how although Macbeth believes he is real, he is just “cold,” boneless, and lifeless.

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At first, Macbeth’s internal emotions are confident. After successfully killing Banquo, he seems to be in control and is hopeful that he can make the prophecies come true. However, later he finds out that "Fleance is ‘scaped.” Macbeth states, "But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears” Now, his internal emotions are anxious, stressed, and tense. He is also suspicious of everyone and everything around him as he believes they will find out about his secret.

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When his guests arrive, he attempts to make his outer projection innocent which can be seen when he states, "if only Banquo were here. I hope it turns out that he’s late out of rudeness, and not because something bad has happened to him.” This makes it seem as if he is waiting for Banquo and wishes that nothing bad happens to him, despite knowing that he will not come and he is the one who killed him. However, later in act 3 scene 4, Macbeth’s paranoia takes over him and his inner psychosis starts to be visible in his outer projection. He starts to see hallucinations of Banquo, and starts to say, "You can’t say I did it. Don’t shake your bloody head at me.” Macbeth is appearing to be psychotic in front of all the guests. Macbeth makes up a reason for his inappropriate actions and says he has a “strange infirmity,” or mental disorder.

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The technique where the audience is aware of details of the plot in which the characters do not know is called Dramatic Irony. An example of this can be seen when Macbeth states, “ You can’t say I did it. Don’t shake your bloody head at me,” or "Go! And get out of my sight! Stay in your grave. There’s no marrow in your bones, and your blood is cold. You’re staring at me with eyes that have no power to see.” Here, only Macbeth can see the ghost, while Lady Macbeth knows about his hallucinations. However, none of the other characters including the guests, Ross, and the lords can see Banquo’s ghost. This is as they do not know Banquo is dead and Macbeth killed him.

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Firstly, the line, “I am in blood, stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go over.” Is a  hyperbole used to express Macbeth’s character development and how is paranoia is weakening his ambition and desire for power. Macbeth describes himself as in a river of blood. Rivers consist of dangerous and aggressive riptides, whereas blood symbolizes his killings. The blood of river is not supposed to be taken literally; however, it is used to emphasize how Macbeth feels stuck in his crime with no way out. Macbeth believes that stopping and returning to good would be just as hard as continuing to kill people. Although Macbeth wants to stop due to the consequences of his actions, he believes that there is no possible way to return to being pure and innocent. Secondly, an aside is used in the line, “are you a man,” Lady Macbeth asks, “Oh, that’s nonsense! This is just another one of the hallucinations you always get when you’re afraid.” Here, Lady Macbeth is whispering into Macbeth’s ear to make sure the guests do not hear. If they hear, they will know Macbeth is having hallucinations which have to do with him killing people. This line ties in with the overall theme of Macbeth, paranoia. Here, the audience can see one of the consequences of killing for power. Thirdly, when Macbeth says, “I have a strange infirmity, which is nothing,” it reveals his character development and how he is starting to become manipulative like Lady Macbeth. He is starting to learn how to instantly come up with lies and excuses to make people believe what he wants him to believe. While Macbeth is traumatized about killing Banquo, he blames his paranoia on a disorder he does not have.

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"He’s lying dead in a ditch, with twenty deep gashes in his head”. This signifies where Banquo was lying where the two murderers killed him. A ditch is a whole in the ground, and he has been buried there, which signifies loneliness and isolation. A ditch is also a gloomy and melancholic setting, as you are alone, and as well as the murderers exclaim; with twenty deep gashes in his head. This helps the reader visualize how Banquo is and helps assert the reader and Macbeth that he is truly dead.

"Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the

rock". Macbeth used this imagery when talking about his state of mind and when the murderers were telling him that Banquo was killed.

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The technique used to inform the audience with all minor and main details of what is currently happening in the story is identified as Dramatic Irony. This can be observed when Macbeth's two worlds and characters contrast with one another where he is constantly presenting nice gestures and feel of warm, and his guilty private life which are his reoccurring thoughts of paranoia and hallucinations. The purpose of dramatic irony is to show how although the characters within the story are not exactly aware of what is going on, the audience knows exactly what the deal is and keeps the audience members engaged as they are curious as to when the characters in the story will finally realize what is really going on.

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1) " a bold one, that dare look on that which might appall the devil". Here Macbeth says that he is seeing something so horrifying that even the devil would be shocked if he saw it. This helps illustrate Macbeth's fear and insanity at this moment.
2) "Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the

rock". In this quote, Shakespeare uses tactile imagery to make the audience feel how Macbeth would have felt had the murderers killed both Banquo and Fleance. When used in the test it is meant to kind of exaggerate his paranoia, but it shows how he is so worried as to use this simile to describe his would-be state of mind.
3)  "I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears". This example of imagery is to visually represent how Macbeth feels hopeless due to the failure of the murderers. Confined in this sense means trapped in paranoia because he believes that Banquo's son will be king, which likely means he must take the crown by force from what Macbeth has done, and Macbeth wants him gone to avoid that happening.

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The internal Emotional State of Macbeth was worried, however excited. When he was serving all of them and speaking to them individually and explaining when they offered him the seat at the front of the table (to signify importance) he exclaimed that they all are equal, he was enthusiastic as he knew that the murderers were going to assassinate Banquo. However, when things didn't go his way and his son escaped, the guilt kicked in and the paranoia started.

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The following is an example of imagery used in the scene, "He’s lying dead in a ditch, with twenty deep gashes in his head”. This denotes the location where Banquo was killed by the two assassins. A ditch is a depression in the ground where he was buried, symbolizing solitude and isolation. As you are alone, and as the murderers exclaim; with twenty deep gashes in his head, a ditch is also a gloomy and melancholy setting. This aids the reader in visualizing Banquo's state and reasserts the reader's and Macbeth's confidence that he is really dead.

"I am cabined, cribbed, confined in To saucy doubts and fears".  This shows how Macbeth is making use of uneasy and unfamiliar words unable to fully describe the fear he is experiencing as well as paranoia. Macbeth here was feeling unsettled due to the failed plan by the murderers.

"Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the
rock". This phrase displays imagery when the murderers informed Macbeth that Banquo had been murdered and was expressing his deepest thoughts regarding the situation. It also displays the build of paranoia for the role of king as now Fleance has escaped.

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When Macbeth found out that his son escaped, the paranoia and guilt in his mind started, which led to him having visions. He thought he saw Banquo sitting at his seat in the table (as Banquo was the king) exclaiming and speaking to Macbeth, when there was nothing there. This was the second murder he had commited, after Duncan, and he started seeing murder a crime as a way to escape and as a solution to a lot of his problems, dealing with the paranoia post-action. He tries to present himself professionally however it all goes out the window when he starting seeing Banquo with the "20 gashes deep" on his seat, which signified guilt as that is where Banquo should have been seated, and Macbeth selfishly took that from him.

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Macbeth's internal Emotional State was concerned, despite his excitement. He was excited as he knew the murderers were going to assassinate Banquo, so he was serving them all and speaking to them individually and explaining when they gave him the seat at the front of the table (to indicate importance), he exclaimed that they are all equal, he was ecstatic because he knew the killers were planning to assassinate Banquo. When things didn't go his way and his son ran away, the shame set in and the fear began.

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Macbeth learned that his son had fled, he then began to experience fear and remorse, which led to visions. He thought he saw Banquo exclaiming and speaking to Macbeth from his seat at the table (as Banquo was the king), but there was no one there. After Duncan, he committed his second murder, and he began to see murder as a means of escaping and a solution to all of his issues, including post-action paranoia. He attempts to present himself professionally, but when he starts seeing women, it all goes out the window when he first saw Banquo with the "20 gashes deep" on his seat, he felt guilty because that was where Banquo should have been sitting and Macbeth selfishly took it away from him.

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Dramatic irony is a tactic for informing the audience of both minor and major details about what is currently happening in the narrative. This can be seen in the contrast between Macbeth's two worlds and characters, where he is consistently delivering pleasant gestures and a warm feeling, and his guilty private life, which is his reoccurring thoughts of paranoia and hallucinations. The intention of dramatic irony is to demonstrate that, though the characters in the story are unaware of what is going on, the audience is fully aware of what is going on. This keeps the audience interested because they are intrigued asto when the characters in the story will actually understand what is going on.

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"He’s lying dead in a ditch, with twenty deep gashes in his head”. Here imagery is used to describe where Banquo was murdered, the ditch is a cold and dark place. It also means loneliness and being alone.  The audience can imagine that the crime was truly done.

"Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the

rock".  Here we can see Macbeth paranoia developing as Fleance escape. This shows Macbeth insecurity of his position as a king and how anxious he is that Fleance can become the next king.

"I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears". This imagery shows how big Macbeth fear are now that the two man failed to kill both Banquo and Fleance. He is now trapped in his own fear and paranoia.

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Macbeth feels guilty in this scene, and this is shown because of his mind playing tricks on him. The guilt of his activities keeps him alert since he isn't yet a refined sufficient killer to have the option to overlook his inner voice. He keeps hallucinating which indicates that he thinks what he did is wrong.

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Macbeth seems like a lunatic throughout this scene, and this is because none of the people know he is hallucinating. He seems to be muttering and speaking nonsense, and no one knows what he is rambling about. ALthough Lady macbeth knows that he is talking about the death of Banqou, so she covers up for him and tells everyone that this is a regular thing.

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This is called dramatic irony. There is a dinner (banquet) to celebrate Macbeth being king. Macbeth and the crowd see Banquo's phantom finding a seat at the top of the table where Macbeth is supposed to sit. The remainder of the characters don't see the phantom, which is the essential key of the s dramatic irony used, as no one can see Banquo except for Macbeth, while lady Macbeth only knows he is hallucinating.

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Macbeth says "There the grown serpent lies. The worm that’s fled. Hath nature that in time will venom breed". In this line Macbeth compares Banquo to a snake and his son Fleance to a worm with visual imagery. Meaning that Fleance is like a worm and not a threat to Macbeth unlike Banquo who is compared to a snake. The deeper meaning of this quote is Macbeth says Fleance is non-threatening however he is still scared of him due to the witches prophecy about Banquo's decadents.

"I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears", Macbeth states. This is a visual imagery technique as he is explaining how he is feeling. The deeper meaning of this line is that Macbeth feels like the guilt and paranoia from killing Banquo is taking over his life and has completely confided him.

Macbeth says, "The baby of a girl. Hence, horrible shadow! Unreal mockery, hence!". This is visual imagery as Macbeth is describing the ghost he is seeing of Banquo. The deeper meaning of this line is that Macbeth says he is not afraid of anything else, and he can handle anything thrown at him but he cannot bare the sight of a Banquos ghost due to the paranoia and guilt he is feeling after killing him.

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"Stones have been known to move, and trees to speak". This example is a combination of visual and auditory imagery where the trees speak such as rustling sounds and stones move which show a visual image of a graveyard.

"Safe in a ditch he bides, with 20 trenched gashes on his head" This is an example of visual imagery as it shows the place of crime. It also describes a graveyard since it is a ditch and Banquo is lying in it, it shows how he is being buried.

"Whole as the marble, founded as the rock, As broad and general as the casing air." This example is a visual description of Macbeth if fleance had been killed and he describes beautiful ideas which show how he would have been very satisfied.

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1. "(Aside to FIRST MURDERER) There’s blood upon thy face".

The murderer meets with the King with blood on his face, this visual imagery shows that the scene of murder had taken place a couple of moments ago. When Macbeth leaves to discuss the death, a result of his past mistakes, current guilt and fear, right after the event taken place, he forgets that he was hosting a ceremony. This shows the audience that guilt is taking over him as he would rather focus on that than his king duties.

2. "Whole as the marble, founded as the rock, as broad and general as the casing air".

Macbeth states his previous emotions when he assumed that Banquo and his son, Fleance died. The tactile imagery aids to show the audience that Macbeth’s heart was as hard as a rock or a marble, meaning it was not alive to show emotions which helped him commit the crimes of the past.

3. "Ay, my good lord. Safe in a ditch he bides, with twenty trenchèd gashes on his head, The least a death to nature".

The guard assures Macbeth on Banquo’s death by visually describing the situation of his death. One may visualise the cruel death Banquo had to go through as a result of Macbeth’s paranoia and greed of power. The word "safe" emphasises on how Banquo is better off dead since Macbeth lacks the nature of a true king.

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Macbeths external persona during the scene is presented at somewhat confident, normal and him trying to seem as a good leader while surrounded by the Lords. Internally, he is very stressed and, paranoid and guilty due to the ghost, so externally Macbeth is trying to seem normal and like nothing is wrong.

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This technique is dramatic irony. Shakespeare uses this technique in this scene as the audience knows Macbeth killed Banquo while the rest of the characters are still unaware.

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Macbeth is experiencing multiple emotions but the overpowering emotion is fear and paranoia. This because the climax of this scene is when Banquo appears and disappears which causes Macbeth to act unnatural spreading fear amongst him. However. paranoia is also largely present as he is scared that Banquo will come back and take revenge. The fact that Fleance is missing also adds to his fear and paranoia as he becomes very scared about what is going to happen.

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Macbeth is under a rollercoaster of emotions during a short period of time, as a result of his past mistakes. Firstly, he asks the lords to sit in their rankings, showing that he still cares about power and would like to address each based on their power. This brave emotion is a reflection of his assumption that all his potential threats such as Banquo is now dead. The emotions shown further would be paranoia and fear as a result of his guilt and greed. He states that he is tangled within his guilt and fear.

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Although he possess a inner state filled with paranoia and fear, he tries to act calm and innocent amongst the public. This first seen when Macbeth states to "mingle with society". He had once said to his wife that it is not the consequences of after-life that he fears, and rather the guilt of his current life-time. This shows that he does not want to stand out, being labelled as a murderer. Furthermore, after he displays his want for knowledge of power, he then conveniently changes his act. The next line he says he gives a hearty welcome to all. This shows that he is suddenly aware of his inner attitude and is trying to hide it.

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The main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, as well as the audience are aware of Banquo's death as well as Macbeth's past mistakes and his feeling of guilt. However, the other characters present in the scene have no idea about his emotions as well as his crimes. Therefore the audience could see two perspectives of the same person: Macbeth, helps them to better foreshadow the future event and have a clear understanding of the misunderstandings that Lady Macbeth is trying to cover up: her husband talking to what she calls, "hallucinations.

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"Were the graced person of our Banquo present;
Who may I rather challenge for unkindness
Than pity for mischance!" says Macbeth. This line is very meaningful for Macbeth and his character development as the audience can see that Macbeth is easily able to lie to the Lords. Saying that he wishes Banquo can join even though he is aware he killed him. This shows how Macbeth has changed and can easily lie and manipulate people.

"Feed, and regard him not. Are you a man?", says Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is using Macbeth's manliness to sway him to her side showing that he is weak by questioning his manly hood. As we was being paranoid and weak according to her. This is significant as it shows even after Macbeth killed Banqou Lady Macbeth was still manipulating him.

“I am in blood, stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go over", says Macbeth. This is means that Macbeth feels like his life is completely taken o er by his paranoia and guilt from killing the King and Banqou. As he says he stepped in blood referring to their blood after killing them. He then says he has gone to far and that he should just stop. This means that he is so over taken he feels as he cannot go on anymore. This is significant as Macbeth is expressing his guilt and remorse for murdering them.

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The way that Macbeth tries to portray himself is by being calm and collected but his fears eventually shows up through his fits. However, he wants the guests to view him as strong, manly, happy and cheerful about the feast although his anxiety is presented externally, he quickly tries to cover it up through the help of lady Macbeth in order to show that he is strong hearted.

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“This is the very painting of your fear; This is the air drawn dagger which you said. Led you to Duncan, O, These flaws and starts” By saying that lady Macbeth means that Banquo is an hallucination and that Macbeth is seeing things. The ghost or hallucination is being ‘painted’ by Macbeth fear and guilt. Lady Macbeth is trying to get Macbeth out of it by saying that all he is looking at is a stool. This entire quote is significant because  it shows Macbeth fear and guilt has consumed him.

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The technique used is dramatic irony as this is where the audience knows more about the story than any of the characters. This is true in scene 4 as the guests and landlords do not know what is going on with Macbeth but the audience does which gives an advantage to the reader allowing for more foreshadowing and enjoying the scene.

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"...Whole as the marble, founded as the rock, as broad and general as the casing air. But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in to saucy doubts and fears...". This quote shows the two major emotions possessed by Macbeth. One being heartless and cold, the strength that helps him commit crimes, this would be how the would like to show himself to the outside world, especially his demanding wife. Contradicting the first set of emotions, the second line states that he is tangled in his fears, doubts and guilt. This being his inner nature after commiting crimes. Both lines use similes for a better visual understanding of his emotions. For instance, one could see that 'founded as rock' means that his heart and emotions are now as plain and hard as a rock. Since a beating heart that contains emotions is rather soft and fragile, Macbeth claims to have none while committing his crimes.

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"No teeth for th' present" This is a meaningful quote as Macbeth is still stressed about fleance but makes it seem as if he isn't. This line is crucial to understand Macbeth's personality as he makes his stress and fears and underestimates the severity of the situation. This is because a witness  to Banquo's death has escaped and yet Macbeth does not see Fleance as a threat which shows how Macbeth avoids the truth so he can feel less stressed even though his internal emotions are well known by the audience.

"But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears.—But Banquo’s safe?" This is another meaningful quote which uses alliteration to express how Macbeth feels and emphasizes his stress and fears regarding fleance. However, this line almost makes it seem as if Macbeth cares more about Banquo being dead rather than Fleance as Banquo its the main person that can cause harm to Macbeth. So this line helps explain why Macbeth is more intrigued in Banquo's death but at the same time he gives importance to fleance.

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“Ay, my good lord: safe in a ditch he bides, With twenty trenched gashes on his head; The least a death to nature.” In this quote, the use of imagery is to describe the body of Banquo after he two assassins have murdered him. The excessive amount of stab wounds indicates the possible paranoia the assassins felt while killing him and wanted to assure that there no chance of survival. The use of “safe in the ditch he bides” elaborates on how not only the body was disposed in a ditch, but there will be nothing else to harm him as he is now dead.

“Avaunt! and quit my sight! let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes Which thou dost glare with!” The imagery use in this quote describes how the ghost of Banquo appears in Macbeth’s eyes. He is described to be thin, lifeless, and possibly even vengeful.

“Ay, and a bold one, that dare look on that Which might appal the devil.” This quote explains how the sight of the ghost of Banquo is so disgusting and horrifying that not even the Devil would be able to look at it, Shakespeare is a catholic and using the devil as a reference implies to the audience and exaggerates the representation of the ghost to relate with the audience.

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During this scene, Macbeth was struggling with his emotions and insanity, he was beginning to lose his sense of reality and his mental conditions. His two personas have begun to fall apart, and his paranoia and guilt of the situation began to show to the Lords. Throughout the scene he is frantic, horrified and disassociating as he nearly confesses to the murder if it was not for Lady Macbeth stopping him.

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Externally, Macbeth plays the act of a caring and confident King. He is able to hide all of his guilt and descends into insanity by attempting to act as a good leader and a good king. He brings in the Lords to celebrate his role as the new King and brushes over the murder of Duncan, however his act soon drops when he begins to hallucinate and falls out of reality.

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“He’s lying dead in a ditch, with twenty deep gashes in his head” The ‘ditch’ is used to portray the location Banquo was murdered and a ditch is a hall under the ground, where is dark and isolated from people. It can symbolize insecurity and trapped. “I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock” Macbeth compares him to a rock, which is visual imagery and defines him as a person who used to be strong and this quote also signifies Macbeth’s anxiousness after Fleance escapes. “The baby of a girl. Hence, horrible shadow! Unreal mockery, hence” This is visual imagery of Banquo’s ghost that Macbeth sees.

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In act 3 scene 4, he was okay in the beginning but his emotion starts to be unstable when he heard Fleance escaped. Then when he began hallucinating, he feels paranoia and volatile due to his guiltiness and fear that the dead will have revenge on him.

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Macbeth pretends like he is a strong and confident king to the guests because he wanted them to think of him as manly and trustworthy. However, as he is hallucinating, he can’t act as his desire. He began to yell at Banquo’s ghost which was just an illusion. This enhances the idea that the characterization of Macbeth involves the maniac characteristics due to the crimes he made.

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The technique whereby the audience is aware of details in the story that other characters in the play are not is the dramatic irony. This was used in Macbeth act 3 scene 4 when Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo. The audiences can see what Macbeth view, however, the character such as Lady Macbeth and guest cannot identify the view of Macbeth.

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“There the grown serpent lies. The worm that’s fled. Hath nature that in time will venom breed; No teeth for the th' present. Get thee gone. Tomorrow. We’ll hear ourselves again.” This is Macbeth’s quote comparing Banquo to the serpent and his son, Fleance to the worm to the murderer. Comparing worm and Fleance means he is impotent and unable to attack Macbeth. “O proper stuff! This is the very painting of your fear.”, “What, quite unmanned in folly?” These quotes are Lady Macbeth’s to Macbeth when he started to see the ghost and starts to be unstable due to hallucinating. In this quote, Lady Macbeth insults the manly of Macbeth again because she thinks she can control Macbeth.

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"Thou canst say I did it: never shake  Thy gory locks at me."
The visual imagery of Banquo's ghost symbolises the guilt stained on Macbeth's consciousness. It also yet again reveals more of Macbeth's darker aspect of his two natured personality where we explore the severity of his paranoia and guilt.

"The grown serpent lies; the worm that's fled
Hath nature that in time will venom breed"
Shakespeare uses visual imagery of a predator and prey example. Macbeth sees Banquo as a serpent, someone of power, however because he has been killed, he is no longer a threat. Macbeth sees Fleance as a worm and doesn't find him as threatening. However, we also see him becoming paranoid with the witches prophecy that states Banquo's descendants will become king and is worried that Fleance will become king.

"I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears"
This is an example of visual imagery to explore Macbeths internal and psychological challenges. It symbolizes the constraint that Macbeth feels and explores the reoccurring theme of paranoia.

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1. "You have displaced the mirth, broke the good meeting, with most admired disorder." In this quote, Lady Macbeth is telling Macbeth that his actions have ruined the gathering. And that he has been acting foolishly, making a fool of himself, and worrying the Lords. At this point, she is getting mad at Macbeth as his strange behavior is leading the lords to think that something is wrong/up. And she is scared that it will lead to their secrets being exposed.

2. "Here had we now our country’s honor roofed, were the graced person of our Banquo present, who may I rather challenge for unkindness than pity for mischance." In this quote, there is a clear example of Dramatic Irony. How Macbeth is talking about how he hopes that nothing bad has happened to Banquo, while in fact, Macbeth had him killed and knows that he is dead.

3. "Gentlemen, rise. His highness is not well." I feel that this is an important quote as it shows how Ross is beginning to suspect Macbeth and thinks that he is not only unwell but there is something deeper going on. I feel this really added tension to the scene as the audience is left wondering if Macbeth will be found for his heinous actions.

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Throughout this scene, we further explore the darker aspect of his two natured personality. He wears an invisible mask to hide his darkness. We see a perfect example of this in the beginning of scene 4. He presents himself as welcoming host. Moreover, as the scene develops, we see a constant reminder of the guilt through one of his hallucinations of Banquo's ghost. Overall, the readers get a look at the deteriorating evil that is vivid in Macbeth and a clear perspective of the reoccurring themes (greed, ambition, paranoia).

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1. "See, they encounter thee with their hearts' thanks." In this first example, Macbeth is using metaphorical language to describe the passion and feeling which is being used in the interaction he is describing. This almost works as a method of exaggeration and aided understanding for the audience.

2. "As broad and general as the casing air." In this second example, Macbeth is using a simile to compare his feeling of freedom to air. This is used to display to the audience in an indirect way how Macbeth feels at the moment. It is a way of elaborating upon his feelings for better contextual and situational understanding.

3. "Too terrible for the ear." In this third and final example, Macbeth is using auditory imagery as well as hyperbole and metaphors to describe the current subject. He uses these literary devices to help communicate the sense of the subject to the audience in an indirect manner. This is something very common in writing and acting, in terms of "show, don't tell" and is enjoyable/interesting for some.

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This technique is dramatic irony. The primary example of this is when the audience see the ghost/hallucinations that Macbeth sees, however the other characters do not.

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"Thou canst say I did it: never shake  Thy gory locks at me."
I feel that this is the most meaningful quote throughout this scene, mainly because it symbolizes the guilt stained on Macbeths copiousness and as we read more, we see how this guilt and paranoia will lead to his eventual downfall. Macbeth shouts this at the ghost because the guilt eats him up and leaves him shaken. It exemplifies Macbeths insanity. For so long, he has kept the darker aspect of his personality hidden, we see that in this scene, he reaches his breaking point of insanity.

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1.  The first meaningful quote is "With twenty mortal murders on their crowns". Here he is explaining that despite having twenty mortal wounds on his head, Banquo has been able to rise from the dead although once again it is Macbeth's hallucination as a result of paranoia, with Macbeth now stressing for the title of king and the competition he has for the throne.

2. Quote: "Gentlemen, rise. His highness is not well."
Explanation: This is a significant quote in my opinion since it demonstrates how Ross is now doubting Macbeth and does not believe the fact he is feeling unwell with a larger incident happening instead kept hidden with the act. The affect it had on the story is it contributed to more suspension by with the audience wondering if Macbeth will be proven guilty of the ruthless murder committed.

3. "Were the graced person of our Banquo present;
Who may I rather challenge for unkindness
Than pity for mischance!" says Macbeth. This quote is significant because it displays the character development specifically in Macbeth as it shows how he is capable of deceiving the Lords. The audience now knows he killed Banquo yet expresses his desire for him to partake. So, this shows how Macbeth is now aware and matured , getting better at manipulating others which is a very dominant technique his wife Lady Macbeth uses on him throughout the story.

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"for my heart speaks they are welcome" In this example Macbeth uses personification to showcase how he feels towards them as he is speaking from the heart.

"There's blood on thy face"
In this example, Macbeth uses visual imagery allowing the audience to visualize the horrific view the character is viewing.

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Macbeth's internal emotional state changed during this scene from confident and relaxed to frightened to angry. Changing from the time of the 'first murder'.

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Macbeth's external persona is quite opposite to his internaly. He acts manly while trying to hold all his emossions which don't fit the character he is trying to showcase.

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The technique is dramatic irony. It is when the is aware of details in the story that other characters in the play are not. An example  for this is when Macbeth was viewed as tough and manly around the characters, however, we can view the hallucinations and emotions.

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“But now they rise from the dead with 20 fatal head wounds and push us off their stools.” The conspicuous meaning is that Banquo has become alive once again, regardless of twenty human injuries on his head/crown, and sat down at Macbeth’s head seat at the feast.

“He’s lying dead in a ditch, with 20 deep gashes in his head.” This line is a combination of visual and tactile imagery. Firstly, we can imagine how Banquo would look coming back from the dead, how there would be blood on his head, etc. Tactile imagery is also used because they hint that there are TWENTY gashes on his head, and obviously the audience would imagine his pain.

“A bold one, that dare look on that which might appeal the devil.” He says that he is a valiant and brave man, which takes a gander at something that may startle the devil. this specific line tells us that the action that the nurseries have done would intimidate the devil, which is the head of evil and slaughter, therefor indicating the heaviness of his action.

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"With twenty mortal murders on their crowns.” in this statement, Macbeth clarifies that Banquo has risen from the dead, despite the fact that he hasn't actually, notwithstanding having twenty human injuries/ gashed on his head would be impossible to overcome. While Macbeth hallucinating, he sees that Banquo’s dead, but alive body sitting at where Macbeth is to sit.

"But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears.-But Banquo's safe?" In this quote, Macbeth utilizes irony. His used this by depicting Banquo's state when he inquired as to whether Banquo is protected. However this is ironic because he is dead, however Macbeth is so suspicious and paranoid that he implies is he protected from Banquo. Furthermore, he asks this through his failure, he is so jumpy of Banquo uncovering him.

"There the grown serpent lies; the worm that's fled hath nature that in time will venom breed, no teeth for th'present." In this statement, Macbeth is saying that assuming Fleance is as yet alive, he can be hurtful to him later on by beginning a revolt by understanding what Macbeth has done. This clearly means that Macbeth perceives that despite the fact that Fleance has no force at this moment, he has the ability of force sooner rather than later, is as yet a danger.

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Throughout ac 3 scene 4 Macbeth has already started to grow madness. As it his paranoia and anxiety grows, taking control of him. At the beginning of the scene we do imagine him kind and welcoming, but shortly after we realize how guilty he feels, how anxious and paranoid he really is.

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We can see see how he is very welcoming to the lords in the beginning of the book, as he attempts to present himself as a passionate and confident person, although because of the types of things he says, we imagine him rather frustrated, stressed, and suspicious as the scene goes on.

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Dramatic irony, is when the audience are aware of something that some of the characters in the story are not.

As we can hear Macbeths thoughts, and we also know that Banquo and king Duncan were murdered

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The first meaningful quote is "With twenty mortal murders on their crowns".He's explaining how, despite having twenty mortal wounds on his head, Banquo has been able to rise from the dead, though this is once again Macbeth's hallucination as a result of paranoia, with Macbeth now highlighting the importance of the title of king and the competition he faces for the throne.

"Gentlemen, rise. His highness is not well." This is an important quote in my opinion because it shows how Ross is now doubting Macbeth and does not think that he is feeling unwell as a result of a bigger incident that is being kept hidden behind the act. The effect it had on the story was that it added to the suspense by leaving the audience wondering if Macbeth would be found guilty of the heinous murder.

Were the graced person of our Banquo present;Who may I rather challenge for unkindness. Than pity for mischance!"Macbeth declares. This quotation is important because it demonstrates Macbeth's character development by demonstrating his ability to deceive the Lords.Despite the fact that the audience knows he killed Banquo, he expresses his wish for him to join in the feast. So, this illustrates how Macbeth has grown and is becoming more adept at influencing others, a tactic his wife Lady Macbeth employs on him throughout the story.