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https://www.history.com/topics/womens-rights/helen-keller

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Helen Keller and her teacher Anne Sullivan 

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Helen Keller and her teacher Anne Sullivan 

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Helen Keller was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama and graduated from Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Mass. She lived most of her adult life in Cambridge, Mass. 

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Helen Keller was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama and graduated from Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Mass. She lived most of her adult life in Cambridge, Mass. 

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Helen Keller was a pioneer and role model for deaf and blind people, as well as all people with disabilities. Her accomplishments showed people that people with disabilities were capable and 

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Helen Keller was a pioneer and role model for deaf and blind people, as well as all people with disabilities. Her accomplishments showed people that people with disabilities were capable and 

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deserving of fair and equal treatment She was an author and activist who fought tirelessly for equal rights for all people. She participated in many campaigns to raise awareness, money and support for the blind and was successful.

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1.) Despite being deaf and blind, Helen Keller learned how to speak, read, and write using sign language and braille.

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1.) Despite being deaf and blind, Helen Keller learned how to speak, read, and write using sign language and braille.

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2.) Keller graduated with honors from Radcliffe college in 1904 and began her work as a humanitarian helping people in need (including the deaf and blind) around the world.
3.) Keller published several books. Her first book was The Story of My Life. She also co-founded the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and organization that still exists and fights for equal rights for ALL people.

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A big part of Keller's story is abount learning to communicate despite the obstacles of deafness and blindness. Her life work centered around communicating the need for government programs to help the deaf and blind, and she was successful in communicating the importance of providing support to people with disabilities.

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A big part of Keller's story is abount learning to communicate despite the obstacles of deafness and blindness. Her life work centered around communicating the need for government programs to help the deaf and blind, and she was successful in communicating the importance of providing support to people with disabilities.

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Chicano Movement: School segregation and Mexican Stereotypes 

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Chicano Movement: School segregation and Mexican Stereotypes 

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https://ufw.org/1965-1970-delano-grape-strike-boycott/

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The 1965-1970 Delano Grape Strike and Boycott

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The CIA's Appalling Human Experiments with mind control 

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The CIA's Appalling Human Experiments with mind control 

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Cesar Chavez and the Filipinos and Latino farm workers

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On April 10, 1953, Allen Dulles, the newly appointed director of the CIA, delivered a speech to a gathering of Princeton alumni. Though the event was mundane, global tensions were running high. The Korean War was coming to an end, and earlier that week, The New York Times had published a startling story asserting that American POWs returning from the country may have been "converted" by "Communist brain-washers."

Some GI's were confessing to war crimes, like carrying out germ warfare against the Communists-a charge the U.S. categorically denied. Others were reportedly so brainwashed that they had refused to return to the United States at all. As if that weren't enough, the U.S. was weeks away from secretly sponsoring the overthrow of a democratically elected leader in Iran.
WATCH: Full episodes of America's Book of Secrets online now.
Dulles had just become the first civilian director of an agency growing more powerful by the day, and the speech provided an early glimpse into his priorities for the CIA. "In the past few years we have become accustomed to hearing much about the battle for men's minds-the war of ideologies," he told the attendees. "I wonder, however, whether we clearly perceive the magnitude of the problem, whether we realize how sinister the battle for men's minds has become in Soviet hands," he continued. "We might call it, in its new form, 'brain warfare.'"

Dulles proceeded to describe the "Soviet brain perversion techniques" as effective, but "abhorrent" and "nefarious." He gestured to the American POWs returning from Korea, shells of the men they once were, parroting the Communist propaganda they had heard cycled for weeks on end. He expressed fears and uncertainty-were they using chemical agents? Hypnosis? Something else entirely? "We in the West," the CIA Director conceded, "are somewhat handicapped in brain warfare." This sort of non-consensual experiment, even on one's enemies, was antithetical to American values, Dulles insisted, as well as antithetical to what should be human values.

Fear of brainwashing and a new breed of "brain warfare" terrified and fascinated the American public throughout the 1950s, spurred both by the words of the CIA and the stories of "brainwashed" G.I.'s returning from China, Korea, and the Soviet Union. Newspaper headlines like "New Evils Seen in Brainwashing" and "Brainwashing vs. Western Psychiatry" offered sensational accounts of new mind-control techniques and technologies that no man could fully resist. The paranoia began to drift into American culture, with books like The Manchurian Candidate and The Naked Lunch playing on themes of unhinged scientists and vast political conspiracies.

The idea of brainwashing also provided many Americans with a compelling, almost comforting, explanation for communism's swift rise-that Soviets used the tools of brainwashing not just on enemy combatants, but on their own people. Why else would so many countries be embracing such an obviously backward ideology? American freedom of the mind versus Soviet "mind control" became a dividing line as stark as the Iron Curtain.

MK-Ultra

Three days after his speech decrying Soviet tactics, Dulles approved the beginning of MK-Ultra, a top-secret CIA program for "covert use of biological and chemical materials." "American values" made for good rhetoric, but Dulles had far grander plans for the agency's Cold War agenda.

MK-Ultra's "mind control" experiments generally centered around behavior modification via electro-shock therapy, hypnosis, polygraphs, radiation, and a variety of drugs, toxins, and chemicals. These experiments relied on a range of test subjects: some who freely volunteered, some who volunteered under coercion, and some who had absolutely no idea they were involved in a sweeping defense research program. From mentally-impaired boys at a state school, to American soldiers, to "sexual psychopaths" at a state hospital, MK-Ultra's programs often preyed on the most vulnerable members of society. The CIA considered prisoners especially good subjects, as they were willing to give consent in exchange for extra recreation time or commuted sentences.

Whitey Bulger, a former organized crime boss, wrote of his experience as an inmate test subject in MK-Ultra. "Eight convicts in a panic and paranoid state," Bulger said of the 1957 tests at the Atlanta penitentiary where he was serving time. "Total loss of appetite. Hallucinating. The room would change shape. Hours of paranoia and feeling violent. We experienced horrible periods of living nightmares and even blood coming out of the walls. Guys turning to skeletons in front of me. I saw a camera change into the head of a dog. I felt like I was going insane."

Bulger claimed he had been injected with LSD. Lysergic acid diethylamide, or acid, had become one of the CIA's key interests for its "brain warfare" program, as the agency theorized it could be useful in interrogations. In the late 1940s, the CIA received reports that the Soviet Union had engaged in "intensive efforts to produce LSD," and that the Soviets had attempted to purchase the world's supply of the chemical. One CIA officer described the agency as "literally terrified" of the Soviets' LSD program, largely because of the lack of knowledge about the drug in the United States. "[This] was the one material that we had ever been able to locate that really had potential fantastic possibilities if used wrongly," the officer testified.

With the advent of MK-Ultra, the government's interest in LSD shifted from a defensive to an offensive orientation. Agency officials noted that LSD could be potentially useful in "[gaining] control of bodies whether they were willing or not." The CIA envisioned applications that ranged from removing people from Europe in the case of a Soviet attack to enabling assassinations of enemy leaders. On November 18, 1953, a group of ten scientists met at a cabin located deep in the forests of Maryland. After extended discussions, the participants agreed that to truly understand the value of the drug, "an unwitting experiment would be desirable."

The CIA remained keenly aware of how the public would react to any discovery of MK-Ultra; even if they believed these programs to be essential to national security, they must remain a tightly guarded secret. How would the CIA possibly explain dosing unassuming Americans with LSD? "Precautions must be taken not only to protect operations from exposure to enemy forces but also to conceal these activities from the American public in general," wrote the CIA's Inspector General in 1957. "The knowledge that the Agency is engaging in unethical and illicit activities would have serious repercussions in political and diplomatic circles and would be detrimental to the accomplishment of its mission."

Operation Midnight Climax

The CIA's initial experiments with LSD were fairly simple, if shockingly unethical. The agency generally dosed single targets, finding volunteers when they could, sometimes slipping the drug into the drinks of fellow CIA employees. Over time these LSD experiments grew increasingly elaborate. Perhaps the most notorious of these projects was Operation Midnight Climax.

In 1955, on 225 Chestnut Street, San Francisco, the CIA was devoting substantial attention to decorating a bedroom. George White oversaw the interior renovations. Not much of a decorator, White had a storied career in the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. When the CIA moved into drug experiments, bringing White on board became a top priority.

White hung up pictures of French can-can dancers and flowers. He draped lush red bedroom curtains over the windows. He framed a series of Toulouse-Lautrec posters with black silk mats. For a middle-aged drug bureaucrat, each item evoked sex and glamour.

George White wasn't building a normal bedroom, he was building a trap.

White then hired a Berkeley engineering student to install bugging equipment and a two-way mirror. White sat behind the mirror, martini in hand, and waited for the action to begin. Prostitutes would lure unsuspecting johns to the bedroom, where the men would be dosed with LSD and their actions observed by White from beyond the mirror. As payment for their services the sex workers receive small amounts of cash, as well as a guarantee from White that he'd intercede when the women inevitably had run-ins with law enforcement in the future.

Though the CIA piloted these safe houses as a stage for testing the effects of LSD, White's interest shifted to another element of his observations: the sex. The San Francisco house became the center of what one writer called "the CIA carnal operations," as officials began asking new questions about how to work with prostitutes, how they could be trained, and how they would handle state secrets. The agency also analyzed when in the course of a sexual encounter information could best be extracted from a source, eventually concluding that it was immediately after sex.

But perhaps unsurprisingly, much of White's actions were driven by pure voyeurism: "I toiled wholeheartedly in the vineyards because it was fun, fun, fun," White later said. "Where else could a red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape, and pillage with the sanction and blessing of the All-Highest?"

The Demise of MK-Ultra

The CIA's experiments with LSD persisted until 1963 before coming to a fairly anticlimactic end. In the spring of 1963, John Vance, a member of the CIA Inspector General's staff, learned about the project's "surreptitious administration to unwitting nonvoluntary human subjects." Though the MK-Ultra directors tried to convince the CIA's independent audit board that the research should continue, the Inspector General insisted the agency follow new research ethics guidelines and bring all the programs on non-consenting volunteers to an end.

In 1977, Senator Edward Kennedy oversaw congressional hearings investigating the effects of MK-Ultra. Congress brought in a roster of ex-CIA employees for questioning, interrogating them about who oversaw these programs, how participants were identified, and if any of these programs had been continued. The Hearings turned over a number of disturbing details, particularly about the 1953 suicide of Dr. Frank Olson, an Army scientist who jumped out of a hotel window several days after unwittingly consuming a drink spiked with LSD. Amid growing criminalization of drug users, and just a few years after President Nixon declared drug abuse as "public enemy number one," the ironies of the U.S.'s troubling experimentation with drugs appeared in sharp relief.

But throughout the hearings, Congress kept hitting roadblocks: CIA staffers claimed they "couldn't remember" details about many of the human experimentation projects, or even the number of people involved. The obvious next step would be to consult the records, but that presented a small problem: in 1973, amid mounting inquiries, the director of MK-Ultra told workers "it would be a good idea if [the MK-Ultra] files were destroyed." Citing vague concerns about the privacy and "embarrassment" of participants, the men who crafted MK-Ultra effectively eradicated the paper record for one of the United States' most obviously illegal undertakings. A program born in secrecy would hold onto many of its secrets forever.

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The CIA's Appalling Human Experiments With Mind Control

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On April 10, 1953, Allen Dulles, the newly appointed director of the CIA, delivered a speech to a gathering of Princeton alumni. Though the event was mundane, global tensions were running high. The Korean War was coming to an end, and earlier that week, The New York Times had published a startling story asserting that American POWs returning from the country may have been "converted" by "Communist brain-washers."

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Tooks place in delano to sacramento California

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Tooks place in delano to sacramento California

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In 1942, 29 Navajo men joined the U.S. Marines and developed an unbreakable code that would be used across the Pacific during World War II. They were the Navajo Code Talkers.

The Navajo Code Talkers participated in all assaults the U.S. Marines led in the Pacific from 1942 to 1945, including Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Peleliu and Iwo Jima. The Code Talkers conveyed messages by telephone and radio in their native language, a code that was never broken by the Japanese.

"In the early part of World War II, the enemy was breaking every military code that was being used in the Pacific. This created a huge problem for strategizing against the enemies. Eventually, a suggestion was made in early 1942 to use Navajo language as a code," Navajo Code Talker and Navajo Code Talkers Association President Peter MacDonald said during an appearance at the White House in 2017.

Aug. 14 is National Code Talkers Day. Here are some important facts to know about the Navajo Code Talkers:

How did the Navajo Code Talkers start?

The idea for using the Navajo language as a military code came from Philip Johnston in 1942. He was a World War I veteran and the son of a missionary who lived on the Navajo Nation. According to the National Archives and Records, Johnston got the idea after reading an article that talked about how the Army used Native American soldiers as signalmen during training maneuvers.

His experience growing up with Navajo language and culture is what led him to suggest it be used as a military code, noting that the language was unknown among other tribes and the public. Johnston went to the Naval Office in Los Angeles, California, and was referred to Major James E. Jones at Camp Elliot in San Diego. Jones was skeptical about the idea until Johnston spoke a few Navajo words to him and was asked to do a trial run with Navajo people.

On March 6, 1942, Major Gen. Clayton B. Vogel issued a letter supporting an effort to recruit 200 Navajo men for the U.S. Marines. He stressed that the Navajo language is complex and remained mostly unwritten. Vogel's recommendation came after successful tests of the Navajo language were conducted at Camp Elliot in San Diego, California, on Feb. 28, 1942, when four Navajo speakers demonstrated sending and receiving six messages coded in the Navajo language.

The initial recruitment of Navajo Code Talkers was approved, but the Navajo men would have to meet the regular qualifications for enlistment, go through the seven-week training and meet the linguistic requirements of both English and Navajo.

On May 5, 1942, 29 Navajo men arrived at the Recruit Depot in San Diego for basic training. That was followed by intensive courses in transmitting messages and radio operation at the Fleet Marine Force Training Center at Camp Elliot. The 29 recruits developed the code with communications personnel during this training.

What was the Navajo radio code?

The Navajo radio code comprised words selected from the Navajo language and applied to military phrases. The initial code featured 211 terms, and during the course of World War II, it expanded to 411. The Navajo language has no military terminology, and most of the code developed was new and instilled with military meaning. For example, the Navajo word used for ships was "Toh-Dineh-ih," which means Sea Force.

Along with the code terms, the Navajo Code Talkers developed an alphabet system using Navajo words. The Navajo words, when translated into English, would spell out one of the 26 letters in the alphabet. Before the end of the war, the alphabet was expanded to 44 words by assigning more words to frequently repeated letters.

Who were the original Code Talkers?

In 1942, the U.S. Marines recruited 29 Navajo men to be Navajo Code Talkers. Each recruit had to meet the general qualifications of a Marine as well as be fluent in Navajo and English. The recruits were brought to the Recruit Depot in San Diego on May 5 for seven weeks of basic training. Once finished, the soldiers were moved to Fleet Marine Force Training Center at Camp Elliott in San Diego. It was there that the 29 men underwent intense special courses for message transmissions and radio operation, and developed the code used during the war.

The original 29 Navajo Code Talkers were Charlie Sosie Begay, Roy Begay, Samuel H. Begay, John Ashi Benally, Wilsie Bitsie, Cosey Stanley Brown, John Brown Jr., John Chee, Benjamin Cleveland, Eugene Crawford, David Curley, Lowell Damon, George Dennison, James Dixon, William McCabe, Carl Gorman, Oscar Ilthma, Allen June, Alfred Leonard, James Manuelito Sr., Chester Nez, Jack Nez, Lloyd Oliver, Frank Pete, Balmer Slowtalker, Nelson Thompson, Harry Tsosie, John Willfe Jr. and Yazzie William.

The Navajo Code Talker program was classified and remained that way until 1968. In 2001, the original 29 Navajo Code Talkers were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and all others were awarded Congressional Silver Medals.

How many Code Talkers are still alive?

Three Navajo Code Talkers are still alive. The original 29 Code Talkers have all died, and the total number of Navajo Code Talkers that served in the U.S. Marines is not known. It is estimated between 350 to 420.

It is difficult to ascertain an exact number because all the Code Talkers didn't serve together, they were assigned to different divisions in the U.S. Marines, said Peter MacDonald, a Navajo Code Talker, and president of the Navajo Code Talkers Association.
MORE: Alfred Newman, one of last surviving Navajo Code Talkers, dies at 94
The Navajo Code Talkers who are still alive include Thomas H. Begay, John Kinsel Sr. and Peter MacDonald. Samuel Sandoval was one of the last remaining Code Talkers; he died at 89 in July 2022.

Why were the Navajo Code Talkers so effective?

The Navajo Code Talkers were successful because they provided a fast, secure and error-free line of communication by telephone and radio during World War II in the Pacific. The 29 initial recruits developed an unbreakable code, and they were successfully trained to transmit the code under intense conditions.

MacDonald said that half of the 29 were shipped overseas to join the first division of the U.S. Marines because they were prepping their first offensive move in the Pacific arena, which was on Guadalcanal.

Once the Navajo Code Talkers proved to be successful in the field, more were recruited. It is estimated that more than 400 Navajo men served as Code Talkers during World War II.

On Aug. 7, 1942, the first Marine division hit the beaches of Guadalcanal with 15 Navajo Code Talkers, MacDonald said. "This was the first battle where the Navajo code would be tested in actual battle."

How were the Code Talkers honored?

The Navajo Code Talkers returned from World War II without praise or parades to welcome them home. Even after the program was declassified in 1968, the Navajo Code Talkers' role was not widely shared.

In 1982, President Ronald Reagan declared Aug. 14 as National Code Talkers Day. In 2000, the Honoring the Navajo Code Talkers Act was signed into law, and by 2001, the Navajo Code Talkers were honored with Congressional Gold and Silver Medals.
READ MORE:
An annual celebration for Navajo Code Talkers Day is held on the Navajo Nation each year in Window Rock, Arizona. For more information about the Navajo Code Talkers, visit the website for the Navajo Code Talkers Association at navajocodetalkers.codes.

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Navajo Code Talkers created an unbreakable code. It helped win World War II

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The Navajo Code Talkers developed an unbreakable code during World War 2. Here are some important facts to know about the Code Talkers.

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The Chicano movement started in the 1960s

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The Chicano movement started in the 1960s

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Woman rights

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1)Cesar insisted the Latino and Filipino strikers work together, sharing the same picket lines, strike kitchens and union hall.

2) Cesar Chavez didn't teach people by lecturing or by telling them what to do. He led by example. He planted little seeds of hope that sprouted into a renewed movement.

3)The strikers turned to boycotts, including table grapes, which eventually spread across North America.

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1942-1946 U.S. Marines camp Eliot in San Diego 

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1942-1946 U.S. Marines camp Eliot in San Diego 

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2) if we believe and together , we can do anything possible
3) we have to think more carefully about all the issues

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuG4qFXPMmk

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Cesar Chavez was successful of his protest he accomplish their first union contracts, granting workers better pay, benefits, and protections. This was an importan event in history because it gave right to further workers later on in life.

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Rosa Parks' Early Life

Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913. She moved with her parents, James and Leona McCauley, to Pine Level, Alabama, at age 2 to reside with Leona's parents. Her brother, Sylvester, was born in 1915, and shortly after that her parents separated.

Did you know? When Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in 1955, it wasn't the first time she'd clashed with driver James Blake. Parks stepped onto his very crowded bus on a chilly day 12 years earlier, paid her fare at the front, then resisted the rule in place for Black people to disembark and re-enter through the back door. She stood her ground until Blake pulled her coat sleeve, enraged, to demand her cooperation. Parks left the bus rather than give in.

Rosa's mother was a teacher, and the family valued education. Rosa moved to Montgomery, Alabama, at age 11 and eventually attended high school there, a laboratory school at the Alabama State Teachers' College for Negroes. She left at 16, early in 11th grade, because she needed to care for her dying grandmother and, shortly thereafter, her chronically ill mother. In 1932, at 19, she married Raymond Parks, a self-educated man 10 years her senior who worked as a barber and was a long-time member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP). He supported Rosa in her efforts to earn her high-school diploma, which she ultimately did the following year.

Rosa Parks: Roots of Activism

Raymond and Rosa, who worked as a seamstress, became respected members of Montgomery's large African American community. Co-existing with white people in a city governed by " Jim Crow " (segregation) laws, however, was fraught with daily frustrations: Black people could attend only certain (inferior) schools, could drink only from specified water fountains and could borrow books only from the "Black" library, among other restrictions.

Although Raymond had previously discouraged her out of fear for her safety, in December 1943, Rosa also joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and became chapter secretary. She worked closely with chapter president Edgar Daniel (E.D.) Nixon. Nixon was a railroad porter known in the city as an advocate for Black people who wanted to register to vote, and also as president of the local branch of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union.

December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks Is Arrested

On Thursday, December 1, 1955, the 42-year-old Rosa Parks was commuting home from a long day of work at the Montgomery Fair department store by bus. Black residents of Montgomery often avoided municipal buses if possible because they found the Negroes-in-back policy so demeaning. Nonetheless, 70 percent or more riders on a typical day were Black, and on this day Rosa Parks was one of them.

Segregation was written into law; the front of a Montgomery bus was reserved for white citizens, and the seats behind them for Black citizens. However, it was only by custom that bus drivers had the authority to ask a Black person to give up a seat for a white rider. There were contradictory Montgomery laws on the books: One said segregation must be enforced, but another, largely ignored, said no person (white or Black) could be asked to give up a seat even if there were no other seat on the bus available.

Nonetheless, at one point on the route, a white man had no seat because all the seats in the designated "white" section were taken. So the driver told the riders in the four seats of the first row of the "colored" section to stand, in effect adding another row to the "white" section. The three others obeyed. Parks did not.

"People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired," wrote Parks in her autobiography, "but that isn't true. I was not tired physically... No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in."

Eventually, two police officers approached the stopped bus, assessed the situation and placed Parks in custody.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Although Parks used her one phone call to contact her husband, word of her arrest had spread quickly and E.D. Nixon was there when Parks was released on bail later that evening. Nixon had hoped for years to find a courageous Black person of unquestioned honesty and integrity to become the plaintiff in a case that might become the test of the validity of segregation laws. Sitting in Parks' home, Nixon convinced Parks-and her husband and mother-that Parks was that plaintiff. Another idea arose as well: The Black population of Montgomery would boycott the buses on the day of Parks' trial, Monday, December 5. By midnight, 35,000 flyers were being mimeographed to be sent home with Black schoolchildren, informing their parents of the planned boycott.

On December 5, Parks was found guilty of violating segregation laws, given a suspended sentence and fined $10 plus $4 in court costs. Meanwhile, Black participation in the boycott was much larger than even optimists in the community had anticipated. Nixon and some ministers decided to take advantage of the momentum, forming the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to manage the boycott, and they elected Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.-new to Montgomery and just 26 years old-as the MIA's president.

As appeals and related lawsuits wended their way through the courts, all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Montgomery Bus Boycott engendered anger in much of Montgomery's white population as well as some violence, and Nixon's and Dr. King's homes were bombed. The violence didn't deter the boycotters or their leaders, however, and the drama in Montgomery continued to gain attention from the national and international press.

On November 13, 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional; the boycott ended December 20, a day after the Court's written order arrived in Montgomery. Parks-who had lost her job and experienced harassment all year-became known as "the mother of the civil rights movement."

Rosa Parks's Life After the Boycott

Facing continued harassment and threats in the wake of the boycott, Parks, along with her husband and mother, eventually decided to move to Detroit, where Parks' brother resided. Parks became an administrative aide in the Detroit office of Congressman John Conyers Jr. in 1965, a post she held until her 1988 retirement. Her husband, brother and mother all died of cancer between 1977 and 1979. In 1987, she co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development, to serve Detroit's youth.

In the years following her retirement, she traveled to lend her support to civil-rights events and causes and wrote an autobiography, Rosa Parks: My Story. In 1999, Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest honor the United States bestows on a civilian. (Other recipients have included George Washington, Thomas Edison, Betty Ford and Mother Teresa.) When she died at age 92 on October 24, 2005, she became the first woman in the nation's history to lie in honor at the U.S. Capitol.

HISTORY Vault: Black History

Fact Check

We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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Rosa Parks: Bus Boycott, Civil Rights & Facts | HISTORY

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Rosa Parks (1913-2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. Her actions inspired the leaders of the local Black community to organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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Records trace the history of soccer back more than 2,000 years ago

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Records trace the history of soccer back more than 2,000 years ago

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1855 Montgomery Alabama

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how it change people and the people  the war 

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how it change people and the people  the war 

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It’s important today because Rosa parks wanted to make a change and she refused to give up her seat to James Blake . She wanted to make a difference

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Messi is an Argentinian soccer player who plays forward for the FC Barcelona club and the Argentina national team. greatest players in history

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Messi is an Argentinian soccer player who plays forward for the FC Barcelona club and the Argentina national team. greatest players in history

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gulf of Thailand south china sea north Vietnam Laos as south Vietnam

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Rosa Parks was able to outlive many of her contemporaries and to witness first hand the effects of the Civil Rights Movement. 

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Rosa Parks was able to outlive many of her contemporaries and to witness first hand the effects of the Civil Rights Movement. 

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Greece, Rome, and parts of Central America also claim to have started the sport; but it was England that transitioned soccer, or what the British and many other people around the world call “football,” into the game we know today.

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Greece, Rome, and parts of Central America also claim to have started the sport; but it was England that transitioned soccer, or what the British and many other people around the world call “football,” into the game we know today.

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the navajo native Americans who helped create a code for ww2 

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the navajo native Americans who helped create a code for ww2 

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iv'e learned that soccer was a well known sport for the longest all around the world and was invented many years ago, still popular today.

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iv'e learned that soccer was a well known sport for the longest all around the world and was invented many years ago, still popular today.

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Basketball history

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Vice-Admiral Günther Lütjens, commander of Operation Rheinübung

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Vice-Admiral Günther Lütjens, commander of Operation Rheinübung

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_basketball

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The immense popularity that soccer has across the world is due to its universally positive experience and its ability to bring people of world culture come together.

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The immense popularity that soccer has across the world is due to its universally positive experience and its ability to bring people of world culture come together.

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they where operating in the pacific theater 

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they where operating in the pacific theater 

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The French Resistance's Secret Weapon? The Mime Marcel Marceau 

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The French Resistance's Secret Weapon? The Mime Marcel Marceau 

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June 6 1946

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This event is connect to the theme of communication in history by Cesar Chavez did peaceful protest and got his word out by communicated with others.

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1) Philip Johnston was the one that came up with the idea to use Navajo language as a code for ww2 

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1) Philip Johnston was the one that came up with the idea to use Navajo language as a code for ww2 

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2) nobody understand the language only the ones that are born in the tribe understand and speak it
3) on February 28, 1942 they recruited 200 Navajo men for the U.S. Marines and started sending coded messages

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this connects to communication in history because it's a popular sport played from all ages, use communication skills and tactics on the field 

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this connects to communication in history because it's a popular sport played from all ages, use communication skills and tactics on the field 

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1. strategizing in battles and in the aftermath of a battle is crucial. 

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1. strategizing in battles and in the aftermath of a battle is crucial. 

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2. it takes courage to take tough calls during a sticky situation
3.numbers often win battles in war

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Sylvia Mendez took a part of segregation in schools

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Sylvia Mendez took a part of segregation in schools

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because it was the biggest battle of the Vietnamese, ending the French invasion of nearly 1 years

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because it was the biggest battle of the Vietnamese, ending the French invasion of nearly 1 years

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https://www.history.com/news/marcel-marceau-wwii-french-resistance-georges-loinger

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It took place during World War II

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The chicano movement took place in the South west of the country like mostly in California or texas. 

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The chicano movement took place in the South west of the country like mostly in California or texas. 

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soccer history.

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1. That before speaking spanish was seen as the poor language
2. That Mexican Americans were being deported even though they were legal.
3. Some light skinned latinos tried to pass as "white".

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The history of football (soccer) (footballhistory.org)

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this topic shows us that if we have the will, the energy, together , we can do almost anything

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this topic shows us that if we have the will, the energy, together , we can do almost anything

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1863

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Marcel Marceau,

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Ronaldo and madrid a player who played as left wing for that team.

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mostly in madrid.

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this topic its important to history because its about 200 men from a tribe that helped win ww2 with their language because nobody knew about their language except people that are from the tribe understand it 

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this topic its important to history because its about 200 men from a tribe that helped win ww2 with their language because nobody knew about their language except people that are from the tribe understand it 

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this topic connects to the theme communication because it shows that random things can help win big things 

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this topic connects to the theme communication because it shows that random things can help win big things 

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Why my topic is so important to our history is because it changed the future for many things of the life of a latino in the United states. 

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Why my topic is so important to our history is because it changed the future for many things of the life of a latino in the United states. 

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How this event connects to the theme of communication in History because latinos protested about their rights and that is how they communicated to get their voices heard about the inequality in the country. 

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How this event connects to the theme of communication in History because latinos protested about their rights and that is how they communicated to get their voices heard about the inequality in the country. 

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It was important in history because communication is key to win wars and could be shown in different ways like commanding fleets to confuse the enemy's and win battles, this also goes for stopping the Bismarck by an aircraft giving information of where the battleship went was which led the sinking of the Bismarck

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It was important in history because communication is key to win wars and could be shown in different ways like commanding fleets to confuse the enemy's and win battles, this also goes for stopping the Bismarck by an aircraft giving information of where the battleship went was which led the sinking of the Bismarck

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it connects to communication by the commander of Bismarck giving orders to his fleet to try and get back into German territory safely (which failed) but with the Royal navy's whereabouts of the Bismarck they tracked her down and she sunk

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it connects to communication by the commander of Bismarck giving orders to his fleet to try and get back into German territory safely (which failed) but with the Royal navy's whereabouts of the Bismarck they tracked her down and she sunk