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Over the years, ElasticSearch has matured from a simple search engine into the most popular enterprise tool. Its extended querying functionality gives it a competitive ratio over standard SQL database management systems. Sounds appealing, right?

Read our blog post to find out all about ElasticSearch and its capabilities.

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In this article, we will review the main functionality that can cover at least 95% of the needs of a typical project. If you are new to ElasticSearch, in this post you will find answers to almost all questions, that you should ask before using a new database.

Elasticsearch is an open-source and full-text search engine at the core of Elastic Stack operations. It stores JSON documents in a schema-free database based on Apache Lucene software and licensed under Apache 2.0. With Elasticsearch, you can work with multiple data variations, including structured, unstructured, text-based, geospatial, and numerical. Real-time indexing makes Elasticsearch facilitate quick searches for all types of data. The engine integrates well with other tools such as Java API

Deploying Elasticsearch

There are various ways to deploy Elasticsearch and these include:

Elasticsearh Service (Available on Alibaba Cloud, Google Cloud Platform(GCP) and Amazon Web Services(AWS))

Installation from your hardware after downloading

Cloud installation

Pulling Images

To pull an image in the current version, here is an example:

docker pull docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.12.1

Running images in Development

For development purposes you can run your image as follows:-

docker run -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.12.1

How Elasticsearch Works

Elasticsearch will store your documents in indexes which are tables that contain documents in rows. The software's schema-free index allows you to put documents containing structural variations as long as you observe key limits (which we will explain further below) when mapping.

A brief overview of how Elasticsearch works:

On document insertion, Elasticsearch divides field values into tokens and feeds them into the inverted index. For instance, when you are looking at a sentence, every word can represent a different token.

When searching using a phrase, Elasticsearch will divide the phrase into tokens that match the inverted index.

Here you can read more about the inverted index for in-depth understanding or have a look at the software's official guide.

Scaling Approaches

Elasticsearch works with clusters, where each computer connected to a larger network can host single or multiple shards. Elasticsearch ensures all operations fall under the correct shard. Scaling using Elasticsearch is achieved through partitioning and replication.

Partitions

Elasticsearch index is partitioned into single or multiple shards. Data indexed by users is stored on one of the cluster's shards.

Replicas

Elastic shard comprises a primary shard and one or multiple replica shards. All data input in the index is copied to both the primary and replica shards. A replica shard is identical to the primary shard. When the node that bears the primary shard is out, the replica serves as a replacement.

Indexing

Elasticsearch has a flexible index, and you do not have to use a specific schema. Yet, you can create a precise schema for excellent search analytics.

Creating an index:

curl -X PUT http://localhost:9200/person

With this command, the user creates an index that is schema-free and has the name "person." If the index is already in use, an error displays to notify the user.

A Look at the Index Information

This is the response you will get when you try to review the information contained in the index. The settings, names, and mapping are visible. If the index is nonexistent, you will see an error message.

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person

Mapping

Mapping or schema refers to the nature of storage for documents and their fields in the index. When mapping, here are a few actions you specify:

Document structure-determining your fields and the type of data the fields will contain

Value transformation-before indexing

Fields to use in full-text searches

Custom Mapping

When you need to create a custom mapping for your index, you can follow the steps below:

curl -X PUT http://localhost:9200/person \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"mappings": {

"dynamic": "strict",

"properties": {

"name": {"type": "text"},

"email": {"type": "text"},

"location": {"type": "geo_shape"},

"extra_data": {"type": "object", "dynamic": true}

As evident above, the user creates document mapping through a static root structure. One field features a dynamic object comprising any number of fields. Index setting will limit the number of available keys.

Viewing the Mapping

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person

The API returns the mapping from the previous illustration.

Types of Data Supported

Elasticsearch has excellent versatility when it comes to data variations. Here are the most popular data types for best search results.

Specific data like IPs and geo shapes.

Complex data, for example nested (linked list(array)) and object (hashmap(dictionary))

Core data: strings (keywords and text), binary, boolean, numbers (float, integer) etcetera

Every type of data supported in the platform has a specific destination and settings. You can get all the information you need for every kind of data here.

String data keywords and text serve different purposes. "Text" is applicable for full-text searches, while keywords come in handy when sorting, making aggregations, and direct matching.

Feeding Data into an Index

Data insertion is possible in several ways:

Single Documents

Here is how to insert data in a single document:

curl -X POST http://localhost:9200/person/_doc \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

-d '{"name": "John", "age": 30}'

If your insertion is successful, this request will return the ID that was generated. You can insert a specific id.

curl -X POST http://localhost:9200/person/_doc/id-1 \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

-d '{"name": "Katrin", "age": 25}'

Bulk Insertion into a Single Index

curl -X POST http://localhost:9200/person/_doc/_bulk \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

{ "name":"Alex","age":25 }

{ "key1":"Amely","age":27 }

Remember to end any bulk addition with a new line.

Bulk Insertion into Multiple Indexes

curl -X POST http://localhost:9200/_bulk \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

-d '{ "index":{"_index": "person"} }

{ "name":"Jack","age": 34 }

{ "index":{"_index": "person"} }

{ "name":"Oscar","age":22 }

{ "index":{"_index": "person"} }

{ "name":"John","age":27 }

Identifying the Document

To know the type of document, take a look at the insertion URI. The "/ _doc/" part refers to the type of document.

Updating Document Fields

To update a field in a document, here is an example of the process:

curl -X POST http://localhost:9200/person/_update/id-1 \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

-d '{"age": 24}'

You can carry out more complex searches on Elasticsearch and here is all the information you will need when making updates.

Popular Search Queries

To get the most out of Elasticsearch, you will need to have a clear understanding of all supported queries. Standard projects usually employ the searches highlighted below:

Match All Fields to Text

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search?q=john

This is the query to use when you are looking for tokens in any field.

Match All

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"query": {"match_all": {}}

This will return all documents included in the ID.

Multi Match

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"multi_match": {

"query": "John",

"fields": ["name", "age"],

"fuzzines": 3,

Multi-match allows you to search for one token in specific fields. The "fuzziness" parameter is included to enable results with typos to appear.

Match Phrase

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"match_phrase": {

"name": "John Snow"

This query works when you need results for phrases that are complete. In the above token, John and Snow will appear together as a phrase. If they do not appear as indicated, there will be no results.

Match One

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"name": "John Snow"

"Match" works for specific tokens in a specified field. In this example, we have two tokens in the name field. The search will reveal Documents whose field names contain "John" or "Snow" as individual tokens or both.

Fuzzy

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"value": "Jahn"

Documents with a similar search value will appear. This includes typos, as illustrated in the example.

Term

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"value": "Jahn"

The term query yields all documents with an exact value in a particular field. In this case, the "name" field should be precise 'John'.

Viewing the Response from a Search Query

Sometimes you may not wish to copy-paste your queries. In this case, you can expect a standard response to appear as illustrated.

[Typical Elasticsearch response body]

Your response yields an object from the field "hits" comprising all matching data in the "hits" inner key. This key also returns "max_score" and "total" that contain information showing all matching records and the max score in the results. Every document indicates the "source," highlighting the data fields such as the scoring, ID, type, and index.

Results Ranking

Result Scores

Elasticsearch has a scoring system that qualifies field matches based on the specified query and other additional configurations applied during the search. You can create specific ranking functions with Elasticsearch. To find out how Elasticsearch scoring works, you can visit this page.

Boosting Scores

While doing a search, you might value results from some fields more than others. In this case, boosting the score for these fields will give you a higher total score. You can calculate your total score by multiplying the boost factor in the field score.

You can input your boost in the query directly. For instance, in a "multi_match" search, you can include a x2 and a x5 boost factor to two keys as illustrated in the format below:

"fields": ["name^2", "age^5"]

You can include a key boost in the search query's object for other queries as demonstrated:

"fuzzy": {"name": {"value": "John", "boost": 2}}

Sorting Results

You cannot sort results by scores but can group the results by any field. Here is an example to guide you on result sorting.

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

{"age": {"order": "asc"}},

{"name": {"order": "desc"}},

"query": {"match_all": {}}

Boolean Queries

Also known as "AND-OR-NOT," Boolean queries make it possible to receive all your relevant results. These queries facilitate the aggregation of different terms under a single query. Also, you can exclude some results or conjoin others to your query.

Must

In a query, "MUST" serves the same function as AND. This implies that all queries must appear in the resulting document.

Must_not

"Must_not" performs similarly to "NOT." This means that any documents specified under this condition must not appear in any of the results.

Filter

"Filter" functions like" MUST/AND" but has no effect on the score results.

Should

Should queries work like OR. For example, where there are two set terms under "should," expect all documents that fall under either of the terms to appear. This is a relevant consideration in scores. A document that meets only one term will have lower scores than those that meet all specified conditions.

Setting Search Limits

When making a query, you will need to set some limits or offsets to receive refined results from the database. For instance, you might want to skip some documents and opt to see others in a particular range. If you want to skip 5 documents and show the consecutive 10 documents, you can make this query:

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"match_all": {}

Analysis

Elasticsearch always performs analysis anytime a user wants to input any document into an index. Through this analysis, the text is converted into tokens that are incorporated into the inverted index for searches. Elasticsearch analyzes data through a custom or in-built analyzer. Each index is analyzed by default in Elasticsearch. Analyzers perform various functions, including removing stopwords, removing special chars, and replacing emojis with text.

Data Aggregations

Data search and aggregation is a demanding and laborious process. Elasticsearch provides an excellent aggregation platform when you need to aggregate data from search queries. Aggregation makes it possible to analyze an index and produce unique results such as checking minimum, average and maximum values in a data range. Here is all the information you need on aggregation with Elasticsearch. You can have multiple aggregations in a single query. Here is a simple illustration of query aggregation:

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/person/_search \

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

"avg_age_key" : { "avg" : { "field" : "age" } },

"max_age_key" : { "max" : { "field" : "age" } },

"min_age_key" : { "min" : { "field" : "age" } },

"uniq_age_key" : { "terms" : { "field" : "age" } }

As evident above, the single query consists of four types of commands to aggregate the results. Aggregation results are visible under the "aggregations" key at the bottom.

Map Reducing

With aggregation, you can create helpful analytics for indexing purposes. Data analytics involving massive data volumes can be complex without a powerful engine like Elasticsearch. You can MapReduce jobs and get more valuable analytics with Elasticsearch.

Transactions

The Elasticsearch framework does not support any type of financial transaction.

Elasticsearch Applications

Elasticsearch benefits and features make the engine a helpful tool for the functions summarized below:

Elasticsearch's power and ability to process real-time results are ideal for critical business and operational needs. Complex searches are much simpler, as the app supports a wide selection of data, including unstructured data and numerical. Here are a few ways companies use Elasticsearch in their operations: -

E-Commerce Search

Modern business operates in a highly competitive environment. Potential customers are on the lookout for specific products and have little patience. With Elasticsearch, firms can generate detailed product lists to appear on client search results instantly. Fast results can lead to better conversions and faster growth.

Perfecting User Engagement

Many internet users do their searches on the go and prefer sites that address their needs at a glance. One of the most popular social sites, Facebook, uses Elasticsearch. With millions of daily searches, there is more than enough data on user preference to provide content that meets user needs.

Instant Query Replies

One of the most challenging aspects of running any venture is the need to respond to client queries within the shortest time frame. Elasticsearch is a reliable tool to run live chat programs as it is fast and capable of displaying the number of messages you would prefer from your chat history with clients.

Business Analysis

Most businesses have an online presence, making it necessary to have relevant information to help propel the company towards success. Businesses that use Elasticsearch can have a clearer picture of purchasing patterns and customize their store to client preferences. Satisfied clients are highly likely to come for repeat purchases, boosting revenue.

Enhancing Security

Accessing data on a real-time basis is essential when detecting fraud. Companies can stop fraudulent activity as early on as possible. Banks use Elasticsearch to detect fraud and send SMS alerts of suspicious transactions to their customers.

Mining Public Data

The amount of data open to the public is massive. With the right tool, you can obtain valuable insights from public sources such as social media pages. Elasticsearch can help firms get specific goals for their marketing strategies through refined social approaches.

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In this article, we will review the main functionality that can cover at least 95% of the needs of a typical project. If you are new to ElasticSearch, in this post you will find answers to almost all questions, that you should ask before using a new database.

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The telemedicine market has experienced geometric growth over the past few years. Back in 2019, this field was estimated at $45 billion. By 2026, it is projected to reach over $175 billion. The reasons for that include high healthcare costs, an influx of digital health users, and, obviously, COVID-19.

It means that the timing is just right to build a doctor-on-demand platform. Read more on telemedicine apps in our blog post.

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Imagine that you came home on Friday evening and are suffering from an awful stomach ache. What would you do? Put up with the pain for the rest of the weekend? This what may happen in a world without doctor-on-demand platforms. Thanks to telemedicine applications, you can schedule an appointment with a doctor, receive a consultation, get a receipt, and even pay for such a service.

If you consider developing a doctor-on-demand mobile app, this article is right for you. Below, we highlight the main benefits of telemedicine apps, talk about the best telemedicine solutions, and list the main features of such an app.

But first, let's find out why there is a need for telehealth apps.

Why there is a need for doctor-on-demand app development

As we have said, telemedicine bridges the gap between patients and doctors. But why does such a gap exist? Let's see.

Need for telemedicine app from the patient's perspective

A survey conducted in 15 major cities in the U.S. showed that new patients need to wait 24 days to get an appointment with a physician. For this reason, one of three patients said they have gone to the emergency department to avoid delays and the inconvenience of visiting their physicians.

82% of patients agreed that developing technologies should make the process of receiving healthcare as accessible as hailing a taxi or ordering food

77% of them want to contact their physician via text messages

69% of patients prefer virtual appointments with their physicians using a mobile device over offline visits.

Need for telemedicine app from a medical professionals perspective

At the same time, doctors are faced with the following challenges that telemedicine apps may solve:

The daily pressure of cutting costs

Complying with regulations

Maintaining a regular operation

Time mismanagement off their schedule impacts their work-life balance

In a nutshell, telemedicine mobile apps are a win-win for both doctors and patients. That is why the market size of telemedicine apps is expected to reach 40 billion dollars by 2021, according to a report from Statista.

Now let's find out what benefits such digital health solutions bring.

Benefits of developing a telemedicine app

Like Uber, Airbnb, Lyft, and other on-demand service applications, telehealth apps allow providing better health service at lower costs, which result in the following benefits:

Flexibility. Using doctor-on-demand-mobile apps, medical professionals receive more control over their working hours as well as the ability to respond to emergencies more effectively.

Extra revenue. Such mobile doctor apps allow medical specialists to generate additional revenue for after-hour care, as well as the ability to see more patients, compared to office face-to-face appointments.

Increased productivity. Doctor-on-demand mobile apps are more accessible for patients to get to, which minimizes wasted time due to traffic and other issues, thus improving the treatment outcome.
Related readings: Calmerry Telemedicine Platform Case Study
How does a doctor on-demand mobile app work?

Each telemedicine app has its working logic. Still, the average flow of doctor-on-demand apps goes like this:

To receive a consultation from a doctor, a patient logs-in to the system creates an account, and describes their symptoms.

Next, depending on the user's health condition, the app searches for the most suitable medical specialist nearby.

After finding a doctor, a patient can schedule a video call via the app using a built-in calendar.

During the video consultation, a doctor communicates with the patient, asks about health conditions, recommends treatment, assigns lab tests, and so on.

When the video consultation ends, the patient pays for healthcare service using a built-in payment gateway and receives receipts with prescribed meds and doctor's recommendations.

[How does telemedicine mobile app work]

The most popular doctor-on-demand mobile apps

If you are considering developing a doctor-on-demand mobile app, you need to be aware of similar apps currently presented on the market and their features. To save you time and effort, we have gathered telemedicine applications below.

ZocDoc telemedicine platform

ZocDoc, a mobile doctor app, is available in all the U.S. and serves 6 million patients every month. ZocDoc, includes appointment scheduling, reminders about upcoming appointments, search for a doctor using integrated Map, and others.

DoctorOnDemand

Doctor OnDemand is a telemedicine application for health care that provides patients with video appointments, messaging, and even receiving prescriptions. The platform counts 1,400 state-licensed physicians across the U.S. The core features of this mobile app include online video appointments, search for a necessary specialist, appointment scheduling, patient data storage, a built-in payment gateway, and integrated maps with local pharmacies to buy prescription drugs.

HealthTap

HealthTap is both an app for iOS, Android as well as a website for virtual meetings with doctors. HealthTap users receive such features as online video consultation, secure in-app messages, payment gateway, and so on.

Now that you are aware of the industry leaders and their features, it is time to select the essential functions for your doctor-on-demand mobile app.

Essential Features of telemedicine mobile app

When developing a telemedicine app, consider these features for your app's MVP:

Telemedicine app features for patients

The patient side of the app should include the following features

When a new user logs in to your app, one needs to create an account with information about chronic conditions, as well as provide information about age, sex, and insurance.

Search for a medical specialist

When the patient wants to find a necessary specialist, one uses a search with geolocation to find the nearest doctor available to book an appointment. To make your app compliant with medical regulations, we suggest you integrate the Google Maps platform via a third-party API that determines the patient location and nearby pharmacies before a video consultation begins.

Video calls are an essential feature of any mobile telemedicine app. Video calls connect patients and doctors and enable live communication. However, you need to consider using HIPAA compliant telemedicine solutions to keep your app safe from data breaches. Thus, to keep the app users' information safe, we recommend using ready-made third-party API for video calls, such as Daily.co.

After the consultation, a patient pays the doctor for the service provided. To achieve this, you need to integrate a payment gateway via API. In one of our previous articles, we have already described the process of payment gateway integration to an app. To learn more, follow the link.

Once the patient has received medical treatment from a doctor, one can leave reviews and tell about the experience and rate the doctor.

Telemedicine app features for doctors

Such a panel is a part of the telemedicine app for doctors, integrated with electronic health records that contain information about patients, drug prescriptions, and a calendar with scheduled appointments.

Once the patient finds the necessary medical professional, one needs to book an appointment via the app and place information about health conditions and medical records, if required. The app should automatically manage time slots and show when one or another specialist is available.

To allow patients and doctors to send secure messages within an app, exchange prescriptions, reports, and x-rays, you need to pay extra attention to the technical solutions you will choose. All the information mentioned above belongs to patient sensitive data and needs to meet telemedicine regulations. Therefore, consider using GDPR and HIPAA-compliant messaging platforms, like Q-municate. This technological solution could be integrated into your app via REST-API or SDK.

If you are still in doubt about whether to develop a telehealth mobile app for your health organization, just take a look at the statistics below.

With this in mind, let's see how to develop a doctor-on-demand mobile app

How to develop a telemedicine app

Below, we describe the step-by-step process of developing a doctor-on-demand mobile app.

Step 1. Ask mobile app developers for a quote

For this step, you need to fill out the contact form or mobile project cost calculator and tell us as many details about your telemedicine software as possible.

Step 2. Create the project scope for a telemedicine platform's MVP

Our business development manager will get in touch with you to sign an NDA, clarify project details, and create a project brief. Then, our business analyst and project manager will show you a list with app features for the project's MVP, generate the project mock-ups, and prototypes.

Step 3. Enter the development stage

When the MVP project scope is agreed upon, our team will break the app features into small user stories that are easier to implement. Next, we start developing the code, test it, and conduct bug-fixing iteration by iteration.

Step 4. Approve the app's demo

When the app's MVP is ready, our team will show you the result during the project demo. If you are satisfied with the results, we upload the project MVP to the app marketplace and start implementing more sophisticated features.

Step 5. Launch your app on app marketplaces

When all the app features from the project scope are implemented, we run the final product demo and give your app the project-related data, including databases, access to app stores, mock-ups, and designs. Finally, your doctor-on-demand mobile app, with all the features available on the app marketplaces, is ready to serve your users.

Get ready for telemedicine app development

Telemedicine mobile applications improve the lives of both patients and doctors - while patients receive medical treatment in the comfort of their homes, medical specialists can provide medical treatment more effectively, while getting paid for a consultation immediately.

To start the development process of your doctor-on-demand mobile app you need to shape your business idea with a monetization strategy, think about the app design and app layout, as well as HIPAA-compliant solutions to use.

What our clients say
Related reading: Calmerry Telemedicine Platform Case Study Nioxin Consultation App for Coty-owned Brand Case Study

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Telemedicine App Development - Make an App Like Doctor-on-Demand

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Imagine that you came home on Friday evening and are suffering from an awful stomach ache. What would you do? Put up with the pain for the rest of the weekend? This what may happen in a world without doctor-on-demand platforms. Thanks to telemedicine applications, you can schedule an appointment with a doctor, receive a consultation, get a receipt, and even pay for such a service.

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Sadly, the COVID-19 pandemic shows no signs of abating. And with intermittent school closures, lots of educational institutions have flocked to distance learning. In these dire times, it’s the safest and most productive alternative for students to acquire knowledge.

It’s important to have the right tools in place so that students and teachers are all on the same page. In this article, we will provide a low down on the types of tools for remote teaching and best distance learning tools available on the market.

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Will schools open in the fall? The answer concerns all - parents, students, and teachers. While the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends having students physically present in school, virologists think that this is not a good idea. Peter Hotez, a pediatrician and molecular virologist, says that reopening school this fall is guaranteed to fail. Let's explain why.

Firstly, it is nearly impossible to keep social distancing when there are 30 students in the class. Secondly, even virologists say that they know relatively little about the virus and children. They don't know how frequently children get infected, or what percentage of children are symptomatic.

Thus, having an alternative to traditional teaching methods, such as remote teaching tools, at hand has never been more critical than now.

Back in March, when the coronavirus outbreak hit the U.S. and other countries, schools and educational institutions moved classes online nearly overnight. Such a rapid switch showed how poorly prepared most educational institutions had been when it came to remote learning.

As a result, the forced adoption of new teaching methods caused stress for students and teachers, poor academic achievements, and falling behind the curriculum.

However, distant learning technologies are not actually bad. When selected, adopted, and applied in the right way, remote learning tools can provide the same experience as traditional classrooms and make subjects even more enjoyable.

In this article, we will figure out the types of tools for remote teaching and best distance learning tools available on the market.

But first, let's find out more about distance learning and how it differs from online learning.

What is distance learning software?

Distance learning software is a set of tools that allow teachers to give lessons, assign tasks, and grade students without the need to communicate with them in person.

In this way, distance learning tools bridge the gap in communication between students, teachers, and even parents, while making the learning process more interactive, transparent, and meaningful.

What's the difference between online learning and distance learning?

Both distance learning and online learning sound very similar and are applied similarly for teaching students. But they are different. Thus, to select the right learning software, you need to be aware of these differences.

Online learning means students and teachers can be together in the classroom while working on lessons and assessments received from videos or presentations. However, during distance learning, teachers and students are located in different places. The teacher assigns tasks and checks them digitally.

Online learning involves in-person teachers to student communication during classes.

During the distance learning process, teachers do not communicate with students in-person. Still, the teacher can communicate with students through messages, video calls, and discussion boards.

The main goal of online learning is to enrich learning experiences during classes by using technologies.

With distance learning, teachers assign tasks using the Internet, and different communication cools. Thus, this is not a variation of one's teaching tools.

Remote teaching tools and their types

The software for distance learning is a generic term. It only describes the way students receive knowledge. Let's define these types by dividing these tools by purpose, functionality, and end-users.

Video streaming platforms. Video streaming services allow you to give lectures while students watch them in real-time.

Assignment apps. To ensure that students understood the lecture, you can create assignments or quizzes using assignment apps.

Visual classrooms. If the assignment involves a group project, you will use a virtual classroom for distributing assignments, grading, and sending feedback to students.

Feedback tools. In the case of a student's academic performance being weak, you can use a messaging app to communicate with parents, attach recent works, and suggest room for improvements in the student's grades.

Learning Management Systems (LMS). For storing information about students, their grades, and other related information, you will use Learning Management Systems.

We have listed only the essential tools for remote teaching so that you can understand their primary purposes. However, there are hybrid remote teaching tools and even solutions that include all-in-one functionality.

Now, let's take a look at the most helpful distance learning software and select the one most suited to your educational institution.

5 Best tools for remote teaching

What sphere of distance learning do you want to improve? Are you looking for a tool for streaming videos? Assignment software? Or all-in-one solutions? The list below includes the best distance learning software that will make the teaching process more useful for teachers, and interesting for students.

Panopto

Panopto is a video content management platform that has a special package for distance learning. Using this software, you can capture training videos and lectures, live stream lessons, and publish your videos to a secure portal.

For its user-friendly interface, Panopto has become popular among high-education institutions. Currently, Panopto is the platform of choice for Stanford and Oxford.

The platform offers a free trial; then, the platform calculates custom pricing.

Let's look at its features in more detail.

Interactive video player. You can run a live lesson while sharing your on-screen content and streaming other media files. The platform synchronizes all video sources in a single interface, so students can switch between video feeds, zoom in for a preferred stream for a full-screen view, and make time-stamped notes. Students can access your live broadcasts via web browsers, mobile devices, and tablets.

Integrations. Panopto supports integrations with the most popular LMSs like Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle, D2L, and Sakai via APIs. Thus, you can extend your learning management system's possibilities and make your teaching material accessible for all students at any time.

In-video quizzing. To increase engagement with students during lessons, you can use in-video quizzing. In this way, you can test comprehension, reinforce key concepts, and improve knowledge retention. You can access students' answers from the admin panel, grade them, review the correct answer, and even add your explanations for correct answers.

Analytics. You can monitor how many students attend your live lectures and how many don't.

Bloomz

Bloomz is a mobile application for teacher and parent communication. This app helps to discuss problems and solve them in a more streamlined way.

The application is free for both parents and teachers.

Photo and video sharing. You can send out media materials to keep parents in the loop about what students are doing, how they're performing, and how parents can be more involved

Calendar integration. You can schedule school events in the app to ensure parents don't miss it

User monitoring. You can access the web-based admin panel and control the way parents communicate, and what type of information goes out to families.

Student portfolio and behavior management. Enables you to manage and monitor student behavior and award students who act well with points. The number of points makes the flower on the student's profile grow bigger.

It also includes a paid tier for schools. For $4.99 per month, you will receive a feed for every classroom, group, and school-wide chat rooms and other features that turn your school into a highly-supportive community.

Edmodo

Edmondo is one of the best distance learning tools. It works as a social network for teachers, students, and parents, available for web, Android, and iOS.

Digital classroom. As a teacher, you can create digital classes, invite students, share digital assignments, and create quizzes.

Class folders. For organizing the student's profile, the app has organized class folders and a built-in Planner.

Real-time grated update. Once you review quizzes and digital assignments and grade students, the app sends a notification about new grades to the parent's app.

Integrations. The app supports Google Docs and Office 365 integrations.

Messaging. Both parents and students can write personal messages to teachers to follow class updates and monitor school activities.

The platform has a free trial, free plan, and premium tier with a $2,500 annual fee.

Google Classroom

Google Classroom is a free distance learning software that includes everything you need for K-12 and higher education. You can use this web application as a private classroom for assessment, grading, group projects, and collaboration with students.

[Google Classroom screens]

Tools. You receive access to built-in Google tools, such as Gmail, Google Slides, and Google Docs, to share learning material with your students.

Built-in Calendar. To ensure that students will complete their assignments on time, set due dates in Google Calendar.

Media content. You can add media content to your assignments so your students can receive more in-depth knowledge of the topic. Google Classroom supports adding video, PDFs, Google Docs, or Google Forms survey

Grading. After students finish their assignments, you can view, edit, and share their grades via the Grades page.

This tool is free for teachers and students, but to use the app, you must register your school for the Google for Education platform first.

Canvas LMS

Canvas is an open-source learning management platform. It provides a learning environment for students of all grade levels, from K12 to higher education. The platform's primary goal is to automate administrative tasks so that teachers can focus on the teaching process.

[Canvas interface, source]

Video studio. To make learning more active, this interactive distance learning software offers dynamic videos. It means that during your classes, students can share, comment, and give feedback within the video timelines, thus becoming more engaged with the subject.

Quizzes. The platform offers several ways you can quiz your students. You can question learners, not only before or after the lesson but even along the video timeline. In this way, you can give students immediate feedback on how well they did. Then, the platform automatically saves quiz results to Canvas Gradebook.

Analytics. You can access the platform's analytics which shows how well students watch your videos. You can access the overall class data, and by clicking on a student, you can see individual viewing info.

Assessment data. In case you need instant access to assessment data, Canvas offers an integration named MasteryConnect Assessment for creating and launching standards-aligned formative assessments. It also allows creating benchmarks to set proficiency targets and measure students' knowledge growth, map curriculum, and assessment resources.

We suggest this tool as a virtual classroom if you are already using SIS as a system of record and looking for an online environment for a more streamlined teaching experience.

Conclusion

The best thing you can do during a crisis is to reconsider the way you live. The same applies to the education process. You finally have a chance to innovate the way you teach, your materials, and teaching methods.

We believe that adopting new circumstances is halfway to success because new and extraordinary does not always have to mean something terrible.

Thanks to distance education tools, teachers can continue the educational process and make it more useful and engaging. Besides this, such software brings transparency to parents about their child's progress and grades.

We hope that you have found the perfect distance learning solution for your school or university. In case you need help with integrations and distance learning software development, you can count on us.

What our clients say

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Distance Learning Software for Effective Remote Education

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Will schools open in the fall? The answer concerns all - parents, students, and teachers. While the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends having students physically present in school, virologists think that this is not a good idea. Peter Hotez, a pediatrician and molecular virologist, says that reopening school this fall is guaranteed to fail.

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It’s official - remote is the new norm. If this is the first time you are managing remote employees, it can be challenging to navigate and ensure the high level of performance and engagement. Don’t worry, this feat can be pulled off.

The App Solutions is here to uncover the major challenges of remote project management and approaches to battling them. We’ll also share our time-tested practices on how to manage a remote team.

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In order to bake a cake, you need to do more than just mix all the ingredients together from the recipe, but also follow the cooking instructions. Processes mean a lot, especially in software development, when there are risks such as falling behind deadlines or missing a bug in the code.

At the same time, managing development processes becomes harder when the entire team works remotely. In the office environment, you can assign tasks and give feedback just by going to your colleague's desk. Managing a remote team requires more effort to complete the same functions.

However, remote work is here to stay. Since March, The APP Solutions team has been working from home. Even though we can visit our office, the majority of us prefer to work remotely. We have seized the opportunities in working remotely to improve our project management approaches and make some changes in day-to-day project management.

In this article, you will find the main challenges of remote project management, approaches to facing them, and our tips on how to manage a remote team.

Challenges in managing remote projects

So, what discourages project managers from managing remote teams effectively? We can specify the following reasons:

Lost information. Missing important information often happens during the feedback sessions when the team shows the work results or task assignment results. When communicating via video conferencing, one can easily be distracted from the conversation. Thus, without writing down all the tasks and critical points in the form of a summary, all participants may quickly forget what they have discussed.

Unclear responsibilities. The development of an app or website requires at least five team members with different roles. However, these roles may be very similar in some cases. For example, a sales manager may duplicate reports to the client about the team's progress, despite the project manager already sending it. Such situations not only cause misunderstanding but also waste the team's time and effort.

Unrealistic expectations. Promising something, especially to the client, is a great responsibility. At the same time, low output and deliverables that do not meet expectations can become a big problem. The leading cause of unrealistic expectations is a lack of experience in implementing something and the inability to consider risks and strengths.

Poor communication. If you can't communicate your idea, don't expect great results. Even such a simple thing as giving feedback may be challenging while working remotely. Weak feedback also includes using abstract concepts, such as "this shade of gray makes me sad; try something more optimistic." This information means nothing to the development team, rather, it only says that you don't like the result and can't suggest relevant improvements.

Now, let's see how you can face all these challenges.

How to manage remote developers: best practices

Below we gather handy practices for facing challenges in managing projects remotely.

Document and share information

When we have an upcoming project and initiate the Inception phase, our project managers create a project charter. This document includes brief information about the project, such as the project's business purpose, key stakeholders, key milestones, the budget, and other details.

Then, the project manager creates a separate feed in Jira, our task management software, and attaches related documents. In such a way, all team members can access it and learn about the overall project objectives and requirements.

Define roles and responsibilities

We classify and determine ownership at the Discovery phase, the very beginning of our software development life cycle. We write down all roles and responsibilities of team members in the project specification.

To achieve more visibility about one's role, a remote project manager creates a mind map with areas of responsibility and an overall project development process.

In this way, we avoid unnecessary and costly duplication of tasks and promote and build a collaborative atmosphere.

Establish performance metrics

Once each team member knows their responsibilities, it is time to establish performance metrics. We plan the performance metrics by breaking the project scope into features and schedule their implementation for a two-week timeframe, named the 'iteration'.

Once the new iteration starts, the project manager and team communicate about current tasks, discuss possible obstacles, and agree on the iteration deliverables.

Related reading: HOW TO HANDLE DEADLINES IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Provide clear feedback

For effective management of remote teams, all team members and stakeholders must share honest, transparent, and timely feedback.

It is also a good practice to arrange a retrospective meeting where the team can share their insights and concerns.

For example, our team arranges retrospectives each month to voice our concerns and address them before they become an issue. Retrospectives also work great to receive insights on how to improve workflow and communication methods.

Remote project management tools and communication software

For achieving effective project management for remote teams, we use the following software:

[Trello screen example]

Trello works best when the team needs to plan tasks at the beginning of each iteration. This tool allows for creating a task implementation pipeline. It usually includes three tables that define the task's progress. They are "Backlog," "In progress," and "Done." In the backlog, the project manager assigns tasks to different team departments, sets the project delivery date, and attaches relevant documents.

[Jira screen example]

Atlassian Jira is the project management software of choice for many development teams. We find it handy for assigning tasks, storing project-related documents, and tracking on-time delivery of assigned tasks.

[Workplace screen example]

We use Workplace as the primary communication tool among teams and across the company. In Workplace, we create separate groups for each project, invite team members, write weekly plans and daily updates, send links and documents.

4 Effective remote project management tips from The APP Solutions

Below, we share our tips on how to implement effective remote IT management.

Tip #1 Be where your customers are

As we said, we use the Workspace to communicate inside the team. However, for managing projects remotely, we also leverage other communication tools and messengers, familiar to our customers. For example, the majority of our clients from the U.S. prefer using Slack. This communication platform also allows exchanging messengers in real tiles, creating topic-specific groups, and sharing files and links.

At the same time, customers from Europe, mainly from Germany, more frequently use Telegram. The main reason for their choice is because Telegram is known for its high-level security.

Tip #2 Report daily and weekly

Daily team meetings are an integral part of Scrum, a project management methodology we apply. During the meeting, the development team talks about the tasks completed yearly, assignments they will finish today, and functions to implement tomorrow.

When we worked at the office, we ran regular team meetings and reported our progress to customers every week.

While working from home, we adopted effective daily remote team meetings. During such sessions, the team reports on small tasks to our customers each day. In such a way, our customers can be assured that project implementation is going as planned.

At the end of each week, we also send weekly reports to see a bigger picture of the development process and plan the project budget.

Tip #3 Improve transparency across PM team members

The project manager plays a vital role in the software development process. However, project managers can get sick, go on vacations, or join another team.

As a result, the new project manager needs to spend some time sorting out project details, reading the technical specifications, and communicating with the team.

To reduce the time of new project managers onboarding, we implemented our project management team's daily video conferences.

During such conferences, PM team members share the development team's progress, potential bottlenecks, new information, and feedback from clients. Thus, all project managers are informed about the progress status on all projects and can replace a colleague at any time.

Tip #4 Leverage existing technology expertise

Most software development companies from all over the world are working from home. As a result, business owners are no longer afraid to hire remote developers overseas. Although the quality of the work of developers from the U.S. and Ukraine is similar, hourly rates vary 3-4 times. Developers from the U.S. charge from $80 to $250 per hour, while the hourly rates of Ukrainian developers will cost you from $15 to $90.

In the past 4 months, we started to receive more project requests, and the number of customers who want to hire us for the development of a project's technical documentation has also increased.

As a result, we have faced the need to perform more - create more technical project specifications, estimate more features, and suggest technical solutions while meeting deadlines.

Thanks to our core tech expertise, we can re-use existing project estimations and shorten the time required for a developer to estimate the app or website.

In such a way, we can dedicate more time to the projects' business elements, like generating unique sales propositions (UCP) and conducting more in-depth market research.

How to manage a remote project effectively: the final word

Adapting to change is not always easy. However, changes, such as working remotely, can improve existing project management approaches and build streamlined communication across all your departments.

If you are looking for project management for remote teams, or need development to estimate your project's budget, we are here to help.

Write to us at sales@theappsolutions.com or fill in our contact form to book a call and tell us more.

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Remote Project Management Tips That Work: Best Practices

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In order to bake a cake, you need to do more than just mix all the ingredients together from the recipe, but also follow the cooking instructions. Processes mean a lot, especially in software development, when there are risks such as falling behind deadlines or missing a bug in the code.

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If you consider building a web or mobile application for your company, you need to be aware of the main tools developers use in such applications. Why? The technology stack impacts the speed of creating your application. It also affects the ability to scale the product in the future and the cost your company will pay for the project support and maintenance.

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If you consider building a web or mobile application for your company, you need to be aware of the main tools developers use in such applications. Why? The technology stack impacts the speed of creating your application. It also affects the ability to scale the product in the future and the cost your company will pay for the project support and maintenance.

To save time and effort on searching for the perfect tech stack for your mobile or web application in 2020, we have gathered a technology stack overview in the article below. You'll also find the essential tools used by popular applications, such as Netflix, Airbnb, and others.

What does a Tech Stack mean?

A Tech Stack is a set of tools developers use to make an application. It consists of software applications, frameworks, and programming languages that realize some aspects of the program.

Structure-wise, the tech stack consists of two equal elements. One is the front-end or client-side; the other is the server-side or back end.
Differences between the web and mobile application tech stacks
Web applications look like websites you access via browsers. Thus, users don't have to download them to their devices. Web app tech stack uses the resources provided by the system. In this way, to build a web product, you will need to consider a combination of front-end and back-end technologies.

Developers build native apps for a particular platform, i.e., a specific environment. Thus their code and data cannot work in another setting. To use an app, the user should download it from the app marketplace.

Thus, to build a native app, consider using platform-oriented technologies and tools- Swift and Objective-C for iOS and Java or Kotlin for Android app development.

Let's find out more about the tech stack for both web and mobile app development process.

Tech stack for a web software
Back-end software tools stack
The back end tech stack ensures the inner workings of an application and website. The back end stack must operate smoothly, especially if your site has any features other than simple HTML-coded static pages.

Developers use the following tools for the back end:
Front end or client-side software tools stacks
The front end technology stack is what users see when they interact with your application or site. Therefore, the front end stack's primary concern is a convenient user experience, accessible user interface, and clear internal structures.

The right tech stack for the front end or client-side of web software includes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

HTML technology is responsible for the structuring and placement of the data. It covers the way content is organized and where it is positioned on the page. It is the backbone.

Another element is CSS, responsible for the representation of the data. It includes colors, fonts, background stuff, peculiarities of a layout, etc.

If you want to add some interactivity, choose JavaScript. These things are controlled via libraries (such as jQuery, React.js, or Zepto.js) fitted into frameworks (for example, Ember, Backbone, or Angular).

Choosing the ideal tech stack and tools for iOS and Android applications
The technology stack for your application depends on the platform you are targeting, such as:

iOS platform

Android platform

Cross-platform software

The tech stack for an iOS application
To get a product for Apple devices, you will need to find a team experienced in Objective C and Swift since they are the main programming languages for the iOS software development process. Also, app developers might consider integrated development environments such as JetBrains AppCode and Apple's Xcode. Now let's see the iOS tech stack in more detail.

Objective-C is an old open-source framework that uses pointer concepts like - C, C++ programming tools. Tested by many developers, Objective-C is reliable and has numerous third-party frameworks.

Compared to Objective-C, Swift is a newer framework released in 2014 and used for iOS product development. Its main advantages are increased coding speed, better memory management, code reusability, and more straightforward debugging.

Once, we used Swift instead of Objective-C to develop a product Nioxin for hairstylists. To find out more about this project, follow the link.

Xcode is a powerful open-source development environment integrated with the Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks. It includes a bunch of developer tools for building apps using Objective-C. The Xcode software package consists of a text editor, a compiler, and a build system that allows iOS developers to write, compile, debug apps, and submit them directly to the Apple app store.

AppCode is another iOS app code editor for Swift, Objective-C, C, C++, similar to Xcode. However, AppCode has several advantages, including faster coding, improved file navigation, editor customization, etc.

The tech stack for an Android application

Java is the most popular open-source, object-oriented programming language for Android projects used by big players such as Google and Yahoo. Android developers might consider the Android SDK, which includes numerous libraries for data structure, graphics, maths, and networking to build your app.

Kotlin is one of the most popular programming languages for Android app development, mainly used for developing server-side applications. Kotlin's main advantage is that class necessitates less code. For example, a particular segment where Kotlin can significantly reduce the total amount of boilerplate code is findViewByIds, one of the most common operations in Android development.

Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for developing Android projects. Developers use Android Studio for many tasks, including writing the code and debugging.

Hybrid application technologies

Created by a Facebook team in 2015, React Native is the most popular open-source programming language. In works using React along with native platform capabilities.

The app development company you'll hire choose React for building an application for both Android and iOS platforms. React Native apps interact with native APIs via React's declarative UI paradigm.

Now, let's see what essential elements you should pay attention to when choosing a tech stack for your product.

Important considerations about the technology stack in 2020

Scalability

What is the role of the tech stack in the scalability of an application? It is a foundation. Sure, it can be tweaked here and there according to operating results, but there must be something to improve.

It is essential to understand that there are two types of scalability - vertical and horizontal.

Vertical means adding more elements and data to an application.

Horizontal means the capability of running on more devices.

Both are equally important to make the product effective and successful.

Performance

The influence of performance stats comes from two sources. One from the business requirement and the other is what the technology can handle in a situation.

Operating characteristics and requirements depend on how fast the system can react and how many requests the system can process at what rate.

The importance of maintaining strict operating characteristics requirements is evident in the process of choosing the Tech Stack. Since the whole operation must react to thousands of events at millisecond speed - it makes sense to pick the most reliable option.

Costs

Budgeting the tech stack is probably the trickiest thing in the software creation process. Why? Well, software building is not precisely writing on a piece of paper with a pencil - it demands a significant financial resource to get the job done. There is a list of questions to make budgeting less painful:

Hosting costs for keeping the product data

Developers' salaries

Technology education & licensing fees

Subsequent maintenance costs

The trick is to manage to balance things out, avoid bloating and overspending wherever possible.

Examples of stacks and programming languages in 2020

Our company does not recommend blindly copying others' tech stack for your product. But sometimes it might be useful to know what technologies popular apps' stack includes to choose the stack that meets your business needs the most. We've collected several technology stack lists of globally recognized services.

Dropbox tech stacks and solutions:

Airbnb tech stacks and solutions:

Uber tech stacks and solutions:

Netflix tech stack and services:

Yelp tech stack and services:

Zillow tech stack and services:

Spotify tech stack, programming languages and frameworks:

Things to consider when hiring an app development company

There are different tools and technologies for different types of applications.

While web development projects require a bunch of backend and frontend tech and tools, iOS and Android projects can be made by applying a single coding language.

When hiring a development team for development services, you and your company are not necessary to participate in selecting technologies and tools. But agility, operating characteristics, and costs remain important elements of your project's success. Thus, don't be shy to ask developers about technologies they will choose to validate your business idea. They'll make everything clear for you and tell you about the pros and cons of the tech solutions they selected.
Related readings: Best PHP Frameworks The Ultimate Guide on Creating a Project's MVP

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What is Tech Stack and How to Pick Best One for Your Project

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What's a technology stack and how to choose the right technologies for your project? We're digging into the tech stack's details. Read to learn more.

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What was the last time you watched TV or bought a physical copy of your favorite magazine? As for me, I'm trying to cut down on paper consumption, so I almost never buy printed products. Therefore, I think any news platform or online magazine should invest in a mobile application to deliver news and remain au courant with evolving technologies. It also helps to make ads less intrusive.

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The year 2008 marked the beginning of the app revolution in tech, precipitating an influx of smartphone apps. Today, there are over 80 million apps in Android and Apple app stores. This app renaissance is part of every industry, including news consumption.

Online magazine and newspaper owners now focus on ways to deliver the news as making money remains a key objective. Top news companies like Politico, The New York Times, and HuffPost now own apps for their publications.

But is building an app a good business strategy for newspapers?

The answer is yes.

On the surface, monetizing an app seems a far-fetched idea. But in reality, a newspaper can monetize its content in a myriad of ways. In-app ads and subscriptions are some of the most common app monetization models.

On the consumer side, paying for an app can be a huge pain. Research has shown that most people will only pay for an app if it is 'absolutely necessary.' Users also believe that any paid app should provide high value for money. Hence, Netflix's popularity in the entertainment industry.

So, how can a newspaper or magazine create a lucrative app monetization model?

In this guide, we will discuss how to monetize an app, from the development stage to marketing the product. You will also find out the possible risks and rewards involved in mobile app monetization.

Why does your magazine need a mobile app?

[Source: Pexels]

App development is a tiresome and money-consuming endeavor. So, any company that decides to make its app's needs iron-clad, guarantees the app's revenue potential. And, as a not-so-popular news outlet, your company's skepticism is justifiable.

Can the company recoup the cost of building the app? Are customers interested in the app? Will app monetization kill user experience? Which app monetization method is most lucrative for news apps?

These are the pressing questions every company's marketing department must answer before strategizing their app monetization strategy.

But you are in luck today since we have done most of the thinking for you. Let's check out some of the main administrative and financial reasons why building and monetizing your app is a sure bet.

Relevance and brand recognition

Your magazine's website gives you a public presence, but an app makes your product a household name.

And why is that?

Nowadays, most users prefer browsing on their smartphones. This preference for mobile versions of websites makes a mobile app an outstanding idea. Besides, apps provide a personal connection with the user through push notifications, live support, and other features.

With that in mind, a combination of your app and website's usage will increase your magazine's popularity and relevance in the industry.

Audience expansion

As the app becomes popular, the user base widens. And since the app users make up a new base, your magazine's audience increases. Even if the same users are downloading the app, its popularity in Google Play Store will make it a top contender in the news and entertainment category.

Competitive advantage

As it stands, most companies are reluctant to invest in apps for their magazines. This presents an opportunity for your magazine to assert its dominance with a massive user base.

Capitalizing on this untapped market potential will help your business generate revenue. Any news or entertainment outlet that fills this void will become a dominant force in news. So, why not seize this golden opportunity?

Improved user experience

As mentioned earlier, apps provide direct access to content and exciting functionalities that a website cannot provide. Users can enjoy their daily (or weekly) dose of entertainment instantly.

Also, users can customize apps with default themes and get useful tips on how to use the app. At the same time, you can establish a personal communication channel with users, irrespective of location.

[Source: Pexels]

Most importantly, users can make in-app purchases and app payments from their smartphones. These app purchases are convenient for most users due to privacy issues associated with browsers.

Better marketing channels

The age of 'standard marketing' is gone. And we are not even talking about TV and radio ads. Those forms of marketing are largely ineffective to modern users. Moreover, modern companies don't view them as avenues for making money.

Graph showing mobile app usage by age. [Source MobiLoud]

Nowadays, users have short attention spans, which means that you need personalized mobile ad formats to get started. Consequently, these new methods of mobile advertising provide additional marketing channels that generate more revenue.

Increase in profit

Don't worry about the cost of building the app: you can regain everything within a short time using ads. In fact, app monetization strategies, using any native or video ad, will maximize your profits.

Moreover, app data showing user analytics will give your business useful insights into effective business expansion strategies.

What successful magazines and newspapers created their own apps?

The news and entertainment sector has remained a relevant industry because of its ability to adapt to modern trends. And yes, people love news and entertainment. Nonetheless, top news companies have identified the market potential of every mobile app monetization model for their products.

Still not convinced that you can combine news with making money? Check out the top newspaper and magazine apps according to data from Google Play Store and the App Store.

The New York Times was early to grasp the idea of using a mobile app to make money. This early-bird approach helped the company establish and expand its dominance in news and entertainment. Today, app users are allowed limited access to news articles every month. But you can only access the rest of the services with a subscription.

This news outlet's coverage of unorthodox events and news stories all over the world makes them the perfect go-to for news. And they have capitalized on this cultural relevance to develop an app.

The award-winning publication has also invaded app stores space with an Android and iOS app. The app is free but requires login with an active Facebook account.

The UK-based tabloid has a downloadable app that users can get for free. The Metro app offers you entertainment news updates from the world of sports and celebrity lifestyles. The paid version includes automatic media content downloads and a 'Puzzles' edition.

Nothing is more refreshing than getting stock market and business updates on your phone every morning. The WSJ has created an application to address this need.

This app is perfect for the current political climate. The app's design allows users to read breaking news notifications. But you need a subscription to read news articles from this service.

This app is the early-morning coffee version of The Economist magazine. Espresso gives you instant access to daily global news updates. The app is also free of charge for the first 30 days.

The unprecedented events in Washington over the past months has made The Washington Post a top contender in news. As a result, the app is the perfect go-to for updates on current events in Washington and the rest of the world.

Like the Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg's app gives users financial updates on the latest stock market developments. The app's free version is customizable and easy to use with features like 'Watchlist' and stock market data.

A publication that prides itself on having the latest scoop on new technological advancements has no option than to develop a mobile app for its users. That's how to lead by example.

Pocket is similar to Medium in the sense that it is not an established publication. However, app users can save their favorite news articles for further reading. Pocket's mobile app free version provides a remarkable user experience. The premium version allows users to change in-app settings.

This news aggregation outlet focuses on breaking news from around the world. You can customize your notifications to get insights on the latest noteworthy global events.

Some of these are free apps while the rest are paid apps, but they all use in-app purchases and other monetization methods to generate revenue. In essence, you can develop your monetization model to mirror these top publications.

Related readings:
DISCOVERY PHASE OF SOFTWARE PROJECTS WITH THE APP SOLUTIONS
HOW THE APP SOLUTIONS WORKS: COOPERATION MODELS & DEVELOPMENT PHASES SPOTNEWS CASE STUDY: DEVELOPING A NEWS STREAMING PLATFORM
How to monetize a newspaper mobile app

[Source: Pexels]

Mobile app monetization is essential if you want to boost your magazine or newspaper's relevance in the market. To level up with top newspapers, you need a mobile app. You can combine the mobile app with your website.

Most effective app monetization methods [Source: AdColony]

But you can't dive in head-first without an app monetization strategy in place. You need to work on monetizing your app with a marketing team. Create a foolproof mobile app monetization strategy based on outstanding value propositions and excellent mobile experience.

You can sell the app in app stores or use a subscription model. Placing the app in the Android app store and Apple app store is a great way to make money.

Here are some of the most lucrative mobile app monetization strategies to boost conversion and make money.

Paid apps

The main question is: "Who will pay for an app?"

Research has shown that less than 50% of app users are willing to pay for an app. And this number has been decreasing over the years in the news and entertainment industry.

Paying news app users in Nordic countries [Source: Statista]

A magazine subscriber would not hesitate to download the app in the Google Play Store. However, some app users only download name-brand apps due to privacy concerns.

Nevertheless, you can generate massive app revenue by putting up your news app for sale.

Comparison graph for app purchases and revenue [Source: Statista]

Subscription based model

Mobile app developers are more incentivized to create free apps with a subscription based model than paid apps. This app monetization model allows paying app users to pay for services at their discretion. It is just similar to paying for your monthly subscription to Reader's Digest and other periodicals.

By the way, users would rather download an app and pay later, than pay upfront. This allows them to assess the app to determine the obtainable value from the mobile app.

Freemium monetization model

The term 'freemium' refers to free and premium mobile apps. Unlike the subscription based model, this 'app for free' monetization strategy is the most common way that apps make money.

The number of paid and free apps over the years. [Source: Statista]

Free app purchases allow users a limited preview of the app's functionalities before they can pay for it. And if they are impressed with the preview, they can pay for the app's premium version.

Free trial app monetization strategy

The free trial model is the best way to convince a user to buy an app or pay for a subscription. We all love freebies, especially when it allows us to test-drive our favorite paid apps.

Popular news agencies allow users to read their content for free for a specific period. Some magazines offer a free month while others offer only one week for a free trial. In a manner of speaking, "you have X days to convince me to pay for this app!"

But how can you monetize this free trial?

First of all, the retention rate after free trials depends on the value proposition. Secondly, you can place app ads within the app. And as an alternative, you can offer users the option to browse ad free.

[Source: The Wall Street Journal]

Buy an app ad

The placement of mobile app ads is the most popular app monetization strategy today. This app monetization strategy compensates for free apps. You can use it as a way to generate mobile ad revenue based on impressions, clicks, and actions.

[Source: Google Ad Manager]

The main categories of mobile ad revenue include:

CPM - Cost Per Mille is the amount of revenue you can generate for every mile (thousand) impressions.

CPC - Cost Per Click determines how much app revenue you earn any time a user clicks on the ad. Cost per click advertising is quite popular in the ad space.

CPA - Cost Per Action is a less-lucrative but valuable metric that determines how apps make money. You earn revenue whenever the user completes an action - an in-app purchase.

As a news company, you can make money from your app by placing different kinds of ads. In fact, most free entertainment outlets focus on ads for the bulk of their app revenue. However, you would need the help of ad networks like Google Ads to make money from any ad category.

Here are some of the app ads categories to monetize your mobile app and increase revenue:

Native ads are relevant to consumer experience when using an app. These ads target specific user browsing habits when using an app for free or revenue. For example, app users interested in marijuana legislation can receive native ads on CBD Oil.

Banner ads are quite popular across various platforms. You can use banner ads for your news page on Facebook and other social media platforms. But banner ads in app advertising can only sell if they are catchy and product-related, otherwise, they may disrupt the user experience.

These ads are similar to banner ads. However, interstitial ads cover the entire screen for the duration of the mobile ad display. This is often a user experience headache. But you can avoid the disruption by placing the ads between natural pauses.

Video ads are responsible for the highest click-through rates (CTRs) in app advertising because they are interactive.

Most users hate ads, and forcing the ads won't make the aggrieved user subscribe to use the app. They would rather skip the ad than sit through those annoying seconds. But you can give them a reason to watch the ad.

Just as Duolingo offers users new 'Hearts' for every video, your news app can encourage app users to sit through long and short ads. For instance, you can offer a free story for every viewed ad. This app monetization model will make you more revenue.

App purchases

Your news publication can monetize your app by allowing purchases within the app.

What features can generate money in-app? Will users pay for certain features and ignore others? How will I maximize app revenue?

The answer is: users only buy in-app features depending on their overall value.

For example, The Metro UK's app allows app users to buy the 'Puzzle' edition. In the same manner, your publication can earn revenue with a crossword puzzle or other mobile games that are only available for a certain price.

The 'Subscription' model is also considered an in-app purchase. The only difference is that you can focus app purchases on specific services rather than provide unlimited access to every service.

Partners and sponsors

Any news app or magazine making waves in the entertainment sector is an automatic magnet for sponsors and partners. So, app developers should always factor in the entertainment value that might interest the target audience. Most importantly, focus on brands that intersect with your user base.

In the same vein, you can collaborate with other media personalities or outlets for guest posts. If your outlet shows some promise in the market, brands will contact you for guest posting opportunities.

What are the essential features of any modern newspaper app?

You can cover your app with ads or use out-of-this-world fonts for the design. But none of these guarantees a successful app monetization model.

Old and new users should always be your main focus if you want to monetize your app. Don't add any feature just for kicks. Maintain a high level of efficiency by stripping down the app to the barest minimum.

At the same time, you need enough essential features to compete with other news and magazine apps. You just need to strike the right balance between creativity and utility.

Let's check out the essential features of any modern newspaper app.

Comfortable user experience

Comfort is the most crucial deciding factor of the appeal of mobile apps to users. An average newsreader wants to pick their phone, lay back, and enjoy a news article without any stress.

And it all starts with the app's design...

A modern app should have an exquisite and interactive UX design. The interface should allow easy navigation between pages. Also, the fonts and color scheme must be legible and appropriate for a news agency. A top mobile app designer will address these issues during the design stage.

Offline access

Of course, most magazine apps need an internet connection to function properly. But any mobile app with user acquisition aspirations must allow offline access to news articles. You can achieve this by using a caching method for news when the internet is available. Moreover, offline access increases user engagement as well as the app's overall appeal.

Breaking News alerts

What is a news app without breaking news? The answer: a redundant periodical.

If your newspaper app wants to become a top contender, breaking news alerts are compulsory.

Personalization options

Creating a personal user experience is necessary for both the user and your company. It allows the mobile app user to become part of a community. Users can also create profiles for engagement.

In the same way, your company will gain actionable insights into user experience and behavior. This data will fine-tune your marketing strategy to focus on niche app users. At the same time, you can get started on new expansion strategies for new users.

Sharing and connectivity options

[Source: Pexels]

Let's face it; we all want to share interesting news stories to our Facebook and Whatsapp group chats. So, any modern mobile app must provide social media sharing options. More so, you need a 'Copy link' function for those who want to share the story without linking their social media accounts.

Content engagement

The natural reaction to any news story is to choose a side and discuss it with friends and other interested app users. This interaction often takes place in the comment section of stories. Therefore, your app must allow users to interact in the comments.

Watchlist (reading list)

Sometimes you receive a news alert with a captivating caption, but don't have the time to read the entire thing. In other situations, you read an enthralling article that you would love to read later. This is why a newspaper mobile app must have a reading list or watchlist.

Users can add stories to their favorites or bookmark for later reference. Alternatively, they would have to search for the content manually, which is a grueling task.

Search options (with filters)

A mobile app needs a 'Search' feature in case the user wants to find topic-specific news articles. This feature is essential in mobile apps because it eliminates the difficulty of surfing through articles.

Media content compatibility

All modern newspaper mobile apps must be able to display images and videos. Ensure that the media player used in the mobile app is compatible with all devices.

What extra features can you add later to your mobile app?

The features mentioned above are must-haves for every news agency's mobile app. However, you don't have to stop there: brainstorm with app developers for more eye-catching add-ons for your mobile apps.

These in-demand features pique users' interest in all mobile apps.

AI-integrated mobile apps track the user's interests and suggest articles related to those topics. At the same time, the AI gathers data on reading statistics and activity over a specific period. So, investment in AI features is essential.

In terms of interface, push notifications and theme customization features are excellent additions. After all, you need to get instant notifications on breaking news as soon as it happens. Besides, the night mode is important for users who want to avoid the glare from bright color schemes.

Translation services can help non-native language speakers to enjoy the news in their native tongues. Alternatively, you can provide several language versions of the same article. And in addition, the text-to-speech widget is a more convenient replacement for typing.

Most importantly, the current social climate demands a clear distinction between fact and fiction. The influx of fake news and alternative facts necessitates a feature that can give credibility to the facts stated in a news article.

How much does it cost to develop newspaper mobile apps?

[Source: Pexels]

Once you have made up your mind to build a newspaper mobile app for a global app store, you need to create a budget. Most mobile app budgets consider the following administrative and financial factors:

The newspaper mobile app's reach determines how much money you can invest in it. For example, 'NYT-Esque' mobile apps require a high standard of usability and functionality. At the other end of the spectrum, we have mediocre apps that won't cost you too much to develop.

Mobile apps with only standard features cost less to develop. Think of it like building a house: the more appliances and furniture you buy, the more expensive the overall cost.

Companies often develop mobile apps for all app stores simultaneously, but you can always stick with the most advantageous option based on your financial budget. Alternatively, you can use cross-platform mobile app development tools like Flutter.

With these three factors in mind, let's analyze the activities that affect mobile app budgets the most.

Cost of marketing and monetization

Marketing is an integral part of the app development process. Besides creating the budget for the app, the marketing team also works on the app's publicity campaign. The size of the marketing team varies depending on the newspaper company's objectives.

Also, the marketing team has the longest lifespan in the app's production chain. Their services extend from budget creation to the generation of app revenue. So, you can either go big with the marketing or limit your spending to the barest minimum.

Cost of design

You can hire a highly-skilled UX designer to work on responsive app wireframes and prototypes. Or, you could hire a design studio to take care of the mobile design. Essentially, you need a working prototype before app developers can start working on your product.

Moreover, the marketing team can promote the newspaper app and promote it using the designs.

Cost of hiring mobile app developers

This area is cost-intensive because it involves a lot of personnel. If you want to monetize your app you need an Android developer, an iOS developer, a backend developer, and a QA specialist. And above all, you need a project manager to gel them together.

With these estimates in mind, you will spend approximately $18,000 to develop a newspaper app that meets the minimum valuable product.

Conclusion

In essence, you can monetize your app if it has a high-value proposition. Without app monetization, you are creating a revenue-consuming app revenue that will incur losses. Moreover, mobile apps improve your brand exposure and encourage customer engagement. You can also gain useful information on your user base, which will give you a massive competitive advantage in the market. And most importantly, you will make massive profits in addition to app sales.

However, you can only monetize your app by employing the right app monetization strategy. Follow the same app monetization strategies as top contenders like The Economist to maximize your profits. Strategize on the most effective app monetization model between app purchases and mobile advertising.

Ultimately, brainstorm with marketers and developers on app monetization to find out the standard and in-demand features for newspaper mobile apps. You can choose a subscription model or make your app free to download. In any case, don't exceed your budget.

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How To Monetize an App for Your Online Magazine

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The year 2008 marked the beginning of the app revolution in tech, precipitating an influx of smartphone apps. Today, there are over 80 million apps in Android and Apple app stores. This app renaissance is part of every industry, including news consumption.

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Cloud kitchens have grabbed lots of headlines over the last few years. I think the future is after take-outs and deliveries (especially in today's pandemic-driven realities).

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Imagine a restaurant. What do you see? I bet you see a traditional restaurant that includes a kitchen with culinary staff cooking meals, waiters in similar uniforms, tables and chairs, and a room with a window that brings in the daylight creating a friendly atmosphere.

Such restaurants are a source of warm memories for guests who came to dine-in, and a considerable expense for a restaurant owner who pays the rent, salaries, and taxes to keep their business afloat.

The pandemic caused restaurant-goers to stay at home. With no profit from dine-ins, restaurant owners were left with an empty traditional restaurant, but their expenses remained the same. To adapt to the new normal, restaurants cut expenses to maximize profit.

While some restaurants provide meal takeaways, others adopt the online-only restaurant paradigm known as a cloud or ghost kitchen.

The concept of cloud kitchens is gaining momentum right on time:

The pandemic made online food delivery 300% times more popular

Moreover, the report "Is the Kitchen Dead?" UBS claimed that the online food delivery market would grow 10 times in the next 10 years, from $35 billion currently to $365 billion by 2030.

If you are considering developing a cloud kitchen for your restaurant startup, or want to reduce expenses for a traditional restaurant business, this article is right for you.

Below, we'll explain what a cloud kitchen is and whether it is a profitable niche for investments. The article also includes the pros and cons of cloud kitchens and a list of core technologies and components for opening your cloud kitchens from the ground up.

What is a cloud kitchen?

People name cloud kitchens in different ways - dark kitchens, virtual kitchens, ghost kitchens, commissary kitchens, shared kitchens, and even shadow kitchens. But despite the different names, they share the same concept - commercial facilities to prepare meals ordered for delivery.

Cloud kitchens don't include dine-in areas, only kitchen spaces shared by one or several restaurant brands. Online restaurants receive most food delivery orders online from digital channels.

How does a cloud kitchen operate?

There is a simple cloud kitchen model. Shared kitchens work as food manufacturing factories: restaurants receive orders for food delivery, prepare orders and give them to couriers.

Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar restaurants, where service and interiors are as important as the taste and quality of dishes, cloud kitchens focus on providing consistent quality output at the lowest cost possible. Thus, chefs and culinary staff no longer worry about how or where customers eat meals.

Online kitchens receive customer acquisition and orders through digital means - own delivery applications or food aggregators. Cloud kitchens heavily invest in technologies for the entire business operation.

Apart from leveraging modern technologies, cloud kitchen owners invest in well-equipped kitchen infrastructure and a trained workforce.

Are cloud kitchens profitable?

Shared kitchens are profitable for three reasons:

A cloud kitchen requires $100,000 for a setup, while a brick-and-mortar restaurant costs $1 - $1,5 million. Shared is more profitable than a restaurant because a ghost kitchen serves customers city-wide without investing in large premises.

To get the most profit out of virtual kitchens, you can run several restaurant brands on the same kitchen facilities.

For example, if you already have an Italian restaurant brand, you can also run Chinese, Indian, and American food delivery under separate brands.

In this way, you'll acquire more customers without changing your Italian restaurant menu.

If you don't have an existing restaurant, nor the desire to pay for facility rental, you can still create a cloud kitchen and receive money from it.

Serving cloud kitchen space as a service

Another idea for a cloud kitchen business model is to rent a cheap facility, equip shared kitchen spaces, and offer such rooms for rent to traditional restaurants.

One example is a former Uber CEO, Travis Kalanick, who invested $150 million in a new startup called City Storage Systems (CSS). CSS is a real estate investment company that buys cheap properties and repurposes them into smart, shared cloud kitchens for delivery-only restaurant businesses.

Related readings:
REASONS TO GIVE UP ON UBEREATS AND BUILD A RESTAURANT MOBILE APP
HOW TO BUILD A FOOD DELIVERY APP LIKE UBEREATS
The future of the cloud kitchen looks bright. But before investing in a cloud kitchen business, you need to learn more about the pros and cons of cloud kitchens.

What are the advantages of cloud kitchens?

Compared to the traditional restaurant business model, shared kitchens have the following advantages:

On-demand labor. As a cloud kitchen owner, you can take advantage of on-demand work while saving staffing costs and avoiding compliance with labor laws.

Scaling economy. You can save on ingredient costs by making larger orders for several delivery-only brands that operate from the same kitchen. It is better to invest in new equipment, delivery apps, and consumer service in order to receive a competitive edge over traditional restaurants.

Flexible layout. Ghost kitchens must prepare and pack orders quickly to be profitable. Thanks to custom-build spaces and optimized processes, cloud kitchens make meal cooking and delivery effective and quick.

Rich menu. The main priority of cloud kitchens is the speed of meal preparation and handling. When running several restaurant brands from one shared kitchen, you can batch prepared ingredients for different menus.

Real-time adaptability. Cloud kitchens are built with tech in mind. This means you can use analytics software for optimizing processes, ordering, and consumer behavior. You can also adapt the menu to meet the new demands of customers and increase margins.

Along with the benefits, cloud kitchens also include certain drawbacks.

What are the disadvantages of ghost kitchens?

The potential challenges that come with running a cloud kitchen are:

Unqualified staff. The on-demand staff does not always have adequate training and carry risks in food safety. You can deal with this issue by investing in staff training and hiring full-time staff members. You also can try a combination of working mainly with permanent staff and hiring on-demand workers when your permanent staff need help with handling too many ordered meals.

Last-mile delivery. If you consider food ordering platforms like UberEats as the primary source for ordering food, think twice. Firstly, you'll need to pay extra fees for listing and delivery services. Secondly, you can't control conditions in which couriers will deliver meals, thus threatening your reputation. To solve these issues, consider arranging your own delivery services where you have control over everything.

Small delivery radius. To deliver orders within 30 minutes is an industry-standard. Your delivery radius should be 3-5 miles to meet this standard, which might be a problem if you consider renting a brick-and-mortar facility in a low-income area. To be near suitable customers, arrange a cloud kitchen in their neighborhood.

Local regulations. Since ghost kitchens are less common than traditional restaurants, health department representatives may start hitting you with unexpected requirements. They can also treat your business like a full-service restaurant. Cooks who work in one cloud kitchen must be licensed to produce and distribute food.

Now that you are informed about the pitfalls to avoid so that you can protect your cloud kitchen beforehand, let's take a small step toward the business of your dream and dig into the technologies and solutions of a ghost kitchen.

Choosing the right tech stack for a cloud kitchen

Your online restaurant will operate without waiters, menu, and even a brick-and-mortar facility. Thus, a cloud kitchen's operation depends directly on technologies that will receive online orders, handle online payments, display the order to kitchen staff, manage inventory, gather and analyze your customers' data.

We prepared the list of tech solutions that includes:

Customer mobile app

[The APP Solutions prototype for Alfred Ibiza, a food ordering app]

The delivery app will be your organic source of online orders. It allows customers to place meal orders using their mobile devices.

To create a custom application for a cloud kitchen, our developers will need 2-4 months, and the project will cost from $20K.

The essential feature list for a customer app includes the following elements:

Menu with different sections for meals and drinks

Meal page with ingredients, image, and price

Shopping cart where your customers will add meals they'll order

Delivery address where the courier needs to deliver the order

Built-in payment gateway to process payments online

Delivery status shows when a restaurant received the order, packed it, and estimates time for the meal to arrive

Review section where app users will share their experience of ordering from your app, eating your meals, and using your delivery service

Related reading:
ALFRED IBIZA CASE STUDY: DEVELOPING A FOOD DELIVERY PROJECT
Point-of-sale (POS)

Point-of-sale is software that replaced clunky manual machines and took the place of cash registers. Modern POS systems can operate on tablets, desktop computers, or smartphones.

POS systems work like this:

Calculates the total order sum of the online order when a customer finishes adding items to their cart and clicks the app's checkout button.

Sends payments from customers to your bank account

Sends receipts via email or text to customers to confirm whether the payment was successful

In some countries, you must provide clients with a paper receipt. The POS system will help you meet this regulation by printing a receipt for the online order on a receipt printer.

We suggest the following cloud-based POS applications for cloud kitchens:

In the case of providing payment on delivery, your couriers can use the cloud POS installed on an iPad connected to a Bluetooth-connected compact card reader.

A cloud-based POS allows check sales in the POS back office account and, if needed, sending a daily Excel report to the accountant.

Kitchen Display System (KDS)

To deliver meals in 30 minutes after the client has placed an order via the app, your kitchen staff needs to prepare ordered meals within 10-12 minutes.

To make new orders visible to chefs and cooks, you need to integrate a Kitchen Display System into your ghost kitchen environment. In plain terms, the KDS display system is a digital order viewer that replaces paper tickets and kitchen printers.

Here is how the KDS display system works:

After the client places an order, KDS receives updated information about the order

Then, the KDS system shows it to the kitchen staff who view the order details and order pick-up time to prepare the order accordingly

The good news is that you don't need to create such a system from scratch. You can choose the right software from a list of existing third-party KDS:

Courier mobile app

[The APP Solutions prototype for Alfred Ibiza, a food ordering app]

If you want to arrange your own delivery service instead of using third-party courier services, you'll need a courier application. Using this application, your couriers will receive notifications on the new delivery request, accept them, and deliver meal orders to the customer's address.

Such an application costs $20k + and takes The APP Solutions developers 2-4 months to deliver your project.

The main functionality for a courier application includes:

Personal profile with contact details of a courier

New requests section with order details and the delivery address

Order history consists of all previous orders the courier delivered

A built-in map that helps the courier navigate the city

The estimated delivery time countdown shows how much time to deliver the order

Inventory management system

The most frustrating thing that happens to customers is finding out that your order cannot be delivered because the restaurant doesn't have the ingredients to cook it.

To avoid client frustration, cloud kitchen staff need to manage inventory effectively. The best way of doing this is to use inventory management software that tracks daily stock consumption and prompts to order more stock when needed.

An inventory management system also reduces wastage and keeps control of your food costs.

For an inventory management system, consider one of the following solutions:

Serving food from the cloud: the future of restaurants

Cloud kitchens are shaping the restaurant industry. They give restaurant owners unlimited flexibility to experiment with the menu, run several online restaurants on one cloud kitchen while saving money on renting several locations, and arranging business processes for several different restaurants.

Due to the small investment and risks, anyone can arrange a cloud kitchen.

We'll soon witness even more delivery-only restaurants that receive higher profit than those working with food aggregators, paying high service fees and ending up with a smaller profit margin.

Maybe we'll no longer associate the word "restaurant" with the brick-and-mortar facilities of traditional restaurants in the future.

Instead, we will associate the restaurant with a mobile application for ordering meals in several tabs, a cloud kitchen that cooks meals, and restaurant couriers that deliver orders on time.

Related readings:
KOTLIN VS. JAVA: WHAT TO CHOOSE FOR AN ANDROID APP? UNDER THE HOOD OF UBER: THE TECH STACK AUGMENTED REALITY IN RETAIL: NO LONGER AN OPTION, BUT A MUST

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Setting Up a Cloud Kitchen in 2021: The Ultimate Guide

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Imagine a restaurant. What do you see? I bet you see a traditional restaurant that includes a kitchen with culinary staff cooking meals, waiters in similar uniforms, tables and chairs, and a room with a window that brings in the daylight creating a friendly atmosphere.