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Today the Commonwealth of Nations is a family of 54 states.The Commonwelth also promotes good government,economic development and racial equality.They believe in consultation and co-operation especially in matters concering human rights.The Commonwealth of Nations is not a political union and the head is Queen Elizabeth.In the past Commonwealth organisations helped in opposing Apartheid.They can impose sanctions or suspend members who violate principles.

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INGLESE: Pollution.
Even if the car offers a lot of positive aspects, its use provòres many problems too. Today more people are travelling by car, there are more aeroplanes in the sky and industry in general is greater than ever. All factors allow more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and create a rise in the greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases surround the Earth’s surface and part of the atmosphere. These exist naturally, Without these the Earth’s average temperature would be about -18 °C. This is called the greenhouse effect.
Some experts have predicted that by the end of the twenty-first century the Earth’s average temperature could rise from 1.4 to 5.8 °C. This could cause problems such as extreme rain or no rainfall at all, as well as very high or very lot temperature

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Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was a South African politician and activist. On April 27, 1994, he was made the first President of South Africa elected in a fully represented democratic election. Mandela was also the first black President of his country, South Africa.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in Mvezo, Umtata South Africa.

In 1944, Mandela helped start the African National Congress Youth League. He was soon a high-ranked leader of the group.

He wanted to free South Africa without violence, but the government started killing and hurting protesters. He then started Umkhonto we Sizwe with Walter Sisulu and other people in the African National Congress that he admired, such as Mahatma Gandhi.

He was sentenced to life in prison, and was sent to Robben Island, but was transferred to Victor Verster Prison in 1988. In 1990, he was let out of Victor Verster Prison after 26.5 years.

He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership for his anti-apartheid activism in 1993.

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There's a similarity between Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela .They were both black man who fought for black rights.Both of them led several marches for civil rights,and they experienced a lot of problems.Mandela,for example , was imprisoned for 27 years and Martin Luther Kng was killed by a fanatic during one of this marches for civil rights. Both of them obtained important changes for black people and Nelson Mandela was even elected president of South Afica in the first free elections. Moreover, they both received the Nobel Prize for Peace.Today,thanks to these two men , Martin Luther King's dream has been realized, and blacks and whites can live peacefully and with the same rights and opportunities. Today,the Coustitutions  of most country tell that discriminations of all kinds are illegal.

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A volcano is similar to a mountain,but it has an opening in the earth's crust at its peak called the crater.Through this, gas and molten rock can sometimes come out.Molten rock inside a volcano ia called magma.When a volcano erupts,the magma heats up to around 1,000C and becomes a liquid,called lava.This then explodes out of the crater.
Avolcano erupts in this way:
1 warning:certain events take place before the eruption-earthquakes,loud noises underground;
2 explosion:lava and gas come out of the crater;
3 flow:lava flows down the sides of the volcano;
4 inactivity:steam comes out of  the volcano.

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What can we do to improve our future

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The world today: globalization, environment, wars

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The Fall of Communism

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The Cold War

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Anne Frank

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The Holocaust

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The USA joins the war

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The Second World War

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Taj Mahal and other marvels

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A history of India

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Mohandas Gandhi

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How does a volcano erupt?

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Tsunamis

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Earthquakes

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Teacher's map

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Teacher's maps

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Teacher's maps

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Teacher's map

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Canada, Maple, Mounties, The Calgary Stampede, The Winter Olympics

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Canada, the land, History, The Commonwealth of Nations

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Canada

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Text analysis "Dulce et Decorum est"

The poem "Dulce et Decorum est" is a representation of the hardship of the life in the trenches during the First World War.
The most striking image is that of a fellow soldier dying in front of Owen's eyes.
It is written in the form of the sonnet but it is irregular.
It follows a rhyme scheme until the last lines, where there is the climax. In fact, in the last lines Owen expresses the main idea: dying for honour and glory is a lie.
The poem is divided into four irregular stanzas. The first stanza introduces the situation. The second stanza describes the gas attack. The third stanza presents the poet's dream and the fourth stanza describes the soldier's death and produces the poem's message.

STANZA 1
It is made up of 3 lines.
Some men are marching away from the front; there are two sentences that suggest this:
- till on the haunting flares...
- of tired, outstripped Five-Nine
The men are exhausted. There are some adjectives thatsuggest this:
- bent-double
- knock-kneed
- asleep
- blood-shod
- drunk with fatigue
- lame
- blind.

The idea of exhaustion is also suggested by the use of two compound words:
- bent-double
- knock-kneed

There are also two similes and a metaphor to suggest this idea:
- like old beggars under sacks
- coughing like hags
- drunk with fatigue

STANZA 2
It is made up 6 lines. The rhythm suddenly changes and some graphic symbols give the idea of urgency and warning:
- the exclamation mark
- the dash
- the capital letters
The word “ecstasy” is a synonym of “frenzy”.
Lines 9-10 suggest the idea of a blind panic, confusion, frantic movements and awkwardness.
The image of frantic movements is emphasized by the use of:
-ing verbs: fumbling, fitting, yelling, stumbling, floundering
a simile: “like a man in fire or lime”.
The stanza is focused on the image of a soldier who is too late to put the helmet. He is introduced by the indefinite pronoun “Someone”.
The gas used during the First World War was chlorine, as we can guess by the sentence
” thick green light”because that gas was green.
The presence of that gas is described indirectly by the use of some adjectives and a simile:
- misty panes
- thick green light
- green sea

STANZA 3

Stanza 3 is made up of 2 lines.
It focuses on the poet's nightmare.
The expression "helpless sight" may refer to two precise moments:
- when his fellow soldier plunges at him asking for help
- when the soldier dies and the poet cannot do anything

The synonyms of guttering are:
- trembling
- flickering

The synonyms of choking are:
-stifling,
- throttling,
-strangling

The synonym of drowning is
- suffocating in water

STANZA 4
The idea of suffocation continues in stanza 4, through the use of the adjective "Smothering".
The dreams are defined as "smothering" because you cannot breath from pain and terror.
The core of the 4th stanza focuses on the image of the dying soldier, who is described in detail:
- he had been flung in the wagon
- his white eyes were writhing
- his face was hanging
- his blood was gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs

The description is emphasized by the use of 3 similes:
- like a devil's sick of sin
-obscene as cancer
- bitter as the cud of vile, incurable sores

The poet is addressing to someone, identified with the two words: "My friend".
Probably, the poet is addressing to a warmonger or a patriot.
In fact, the message of the poet and his idea of war are that war is a terrible mistake and that if you die for your country you won't have any honour or glory.

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Duce et decorum est

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The Empire during the first world war

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Mappa "Selma, the Road to Ballot" Francesco Cargini e Samuele Di Battista

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Mappa "Selma, the Road to Ballot" Francesco Cargini e Samuele Di Battista

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Mappa "Black People in America" Francesco Cargini e Samuele Di Battista

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Mappa "Black People in America" Francesco Cargini e Samuele Di Battista

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War poets: Wilfred Owen and "Dulce et decorum est"

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1. The Empire during the First World War
2. Poppies

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The First World War (Part II)

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The First Wolrld War (1914-18)

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Rosa Parks and the "bus boycott"

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Mappa Prima Guerra Mondiale

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Mappa Rosa Parks

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"I have a dream"
Martin Luther' King's whole speech
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EF7E--_BdSg

I Have a Dream
Martin Luther King Jr.    August 28, 1963

"I say to you today, my friends, even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American Dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident; thal all men are created equal".

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and little white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all the flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with.
With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.
With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.
With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning, "My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my father died, land of pilgrims' pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring".
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvacious slopes of California!
But not only that; let freedom ring from the Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and mole hill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring, and when this happens,

When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God almighty, we are free at last"!

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"Selma,la strada per la liberta'"(Film, 2014)
Original title:
"Selma,the road to ballot"

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Black people in America

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The American Civil Rights Movement

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The American Civil War

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The Slave Trade

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USA: Government and Natural Wonders

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USA: Geography and flag

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Francesco's map about how we can help the environment.

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Francesco's map about how we can help the environment.

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Global warming and the ozone layer, other environmental problems and how we can help the environment

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Francesco's map:USA

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How can we help the environment?

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Other environmental problems

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Global warming and the ozone layer

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Teacher's handwritten map: local climate

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Teacher's handwritten map: local climate

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Local climate

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The Earth's Climate

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The Commonwealth of Nations

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The Commonwealth

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The Legacy of Colonization: teacher's map 2

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The Legacy of Colonization: teacher's map 2

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Our teacher's first attempts...

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The Legacy of Colonization-Teacher's Map

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"The Legacy of Colonization" or: the sun never sets on the British Empire...

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Here are the English speaking countries!

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Here are the English speaking countries!

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"A Bridge to the World", that is...why is English important?

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Our teacher Agostina Ponzetti