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In the skin we have pain receptors, pressure receptors, touch receptors and hot and cold receptors. These receptors are all used to send messages to the brain where the brain is then able to interpret the information.

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There are five layers in the dermis, the dermis contains the papillary layer, the nerve ending, the nerve, the reticular layer of dermis, the arrector pilli muscle - which errects the hair to make it stand up and warm hair is trapped inside follicles.

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In the epidermis there is the horny layer, the clear layer, the granular layer, the prickle cell layer and the germinating layer. The latin conversion for these layers are:
horny layer = (stratum corneum) This is the outer layer of the skin, this is made up of scale like cells which shed continuously.
clear layer = (stratum lucidum) made up of small transparent cells through which light can pass; this layer is only present on palms of hands and soles of feet.
granular layer = (stratum granulosum) this layer is usually 1-3 layers thick the cells have distinct granules and keratin is produced in this layer.
prickle cell layer = (stratum spinosum)  This layer 3-6 layers thick and the cells are constantly dividing, this process is know as mitosis.
germinating layer = (stratum germinativum) a single basal layer of cells, that contain contain the pigment melanin. The cells of the epidermis are produced in this layer and have a distinct nuclei. These cells divide continuously by a process known as mitosis .

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S - Sensation
H - Heat regulation
A - Absorption
P - Protection
E - Excretion
S - Secretion
V - Vitamin D production

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The skin is able to keep all heat within the skin erector pilli muscle which is able to contract when it cold hence why we get goosebumps when it gets cold.  Contraction of the muscles has a variety of purposes. Its main function is to provide insulation: air becomes trapped between the erect hairs, helping to retain heat. Pressure exerted by the muscle may cause sebum to be forced along the hair follicle towards the surface, protecting the hair. Also, blood vessels dilate when too hot and sweat is used to cool you down.

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The skin is able to absorb oxygen(O₂), carbon dioxide (CO²) and nitrogen (N₂). Skin absorption is route by which substances can enter the body through the skin, it is able to absorb essential oils but is not able to absorb water.

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Performs protective functions against biological bacteria, viruses, physical and chemical agents.
The acid mantle is a fine, slightly acidic film on the surface of human skin acting as a barrier to bacteria, viruses and other potential contaminants that might contaminate the skin. It is secreted by the sebaceous gland. It has a PH 5.5 so it is slightly acidic but not extremely.

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The proccess of eliminating waste products from the skin e.g sweat

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The skin secretes sebum which is needed to keep the skin lubricated

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We make vitamin D when the skin is exposed by lots of sunlight. Your body is designed to get the vitamin D it needs by producing it when your bare skin is exposed to sunlight.
The part of the sun's rays that is important is ultraviolet B (UVB) Vitamins are very useful and they are needed for strong bones and teeth.
We use vitamin D for skin cell growth repair and metabolism. It optimises the skin's immune system and helps destroy free radicals that can cause premature ageing. Also, we get vitamin D from the sun and vitamin D can come from vitamin supplements.

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This is the bottom layer in the skin which is also much thinner than the dermis.