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In a solar cell, light strikes a semi-conductor and causes electrons to break free. An example is a solar panel

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In an incandescent light bulb, there is a filament made of high resistance metal that glows brightly when current goes through it. An example is a light bulb.

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It is the piezoelectric effect in reverse. A potential difference builds up on the crystal and the conductors that are attached to it create a circuit. An example is a microphone.

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When quartz or crystal is connected to an electric current it expands or contracts. Whatever is touching the crystal will experience pressure and a wave or vibration. This is called the piezoelectric effect. An example is a singing card.

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Thermoelectric generators convert heat to electricity without moving parts

Heat can convert to electricity with a thermocouple. In a thermocouple, there are two loops of different metals. As the temperature difference increases, the current increases. This can be used to measure high temperatures.

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In this conversion, electricity will enter the device and then the resistors turn it in to heat. An example is a hair dryer.

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Energy is the ability to do work and it can convert into different forms.

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A circuit where there are multiple paths for the electrons to flow through. It doesn't mean that the paths are parallel lines.

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A circuit in which there is only 1 possible path that the electrons can flow through

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These are resistors that dont have a fixed resistance. Instead, it changes with changes in temperature, light or voltage.

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It states that:
1. If the voltage stays the same in a circuit, but the current increases, then the resistance will decrease.
2. If the voltage stays the same in a circuit, but the current decreases, then the resistance will increase.

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Something that slows the speed of electrons in a circuit. It converts electrical energy into some other form. This can be something like a lightbulb or heater. We measure it in Ohms and its symbol is a R.

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This is the device we use to measure voltage in a circuit. To use it, each probe must surround something that is in the circuit, like a switch or a battery.(outside the circuit)

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This is how much energy is available to push charges through the circuit.(what makes the electrons move) You use a voltmeter to measure it. The unit is a volt(V) and the symbol is a capital V.

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This is a device we use to measure current. We connect as a part of the circuit.

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This is how much charge passes a point in 1 second. We measure it in amperes, or amps(A). The symbol for current is a capital I. We use an ammeter to measure it.

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This is something in a circuit that can stop or start the flow of electrons. Often it is a switch.

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This refers to soemthing that converts electrical energy into soemthing else, like light or heat. A lightbulb can be a load in a circuit.

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In a circuit, something that creates a path for the electrons to move through, usually a wire.

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It is something in a circuit that can provide electrical energy. This is usually a battery.

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This is a pathway that electrons can move through. For the electrons to move this also must be a closed circuit.

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Touching an object to the earth to neutralize it and discharge the excess electrons.

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These objects provide little or no resistance to the electrons moving. Different materials can become superconductors when at extremely low temperatures.

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It is where there is an unbalance of negative and positive charges. An object can gain electrons and then discharge them in a shock.

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It states that:
1. Opposite charges attract to each other (+/-)
2. Like charges will reperl from each other (+/+)(-/-)
3. Positively or negatively charged objects will attract to neutral objects

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It is an object that electrons can move freely throughout it. Also, they will spread out evenly all over the object.

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It is an object where electrons cannot move around freely. Also, the electrons will stay where they are placed. (cannot spread out)

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These objects have a conductivity that is better than a insulator but not as good as a conductor.

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