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8 Blue,Dolphins
Autumn in naran kaghan effecting Animal ad Plants
Animals:
1)markhor:
>These species belong to the mammal group.And they are Herbivore.
>Markhore  spends its summer at height and winters at normal height.
2) Musk dear:
>They can be found in autumn at the height of 850,0 (feet) 260,0 (meter).
>Musk dears are Herbivore. And live at frosted areas.
3)wild cats:
> The wild show the high degree of geographic variation.
>Wild cats are so much dromatic cats.
plants:
1) Cobra plant:
>We should not touch the cobra
plant.
>The cobra lily unique among three genera of American pitcher plant.
2)Bulbs:
>Bulbs can be planted during summers.
>But filling the equal part of sand and dried cow dunk.
3)Wild irises:
>Irises are genus species of growing plants showy flower.
>These newly planted irises will have time to grow and will be ready  to bloom.

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Summer (Kashmir) :

Summer greatly effects the activities of plants and animals in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
Animals:
1.Musk Deer:

- Inhabit remote alpine scrub forests.
-Winter diet includes small branches, leaves and pine needles, while summer diet includes grasses, cereals and the leaves of the bilberry and wine berry.
-Does not reproduce in summer.

2. Markhor:

-Does not reproduce because their mating season is winter.
-Grazing animals during summer and browsing animals during winter.

3. Changthangi:

-They often change their color from white to brown.
-During summer they migrate to high altitude alpine pastures for grazing.

Plants:
1. Chinar:

- The color of the leaves changes from blood-red to green.
-The flowers are born in summer.

2. Saffron:

-The planting depth and soil temperature that controls the growth and yield of Saffron is effected.

3. Almond Tree:

-They are nut-bearing trees that offer shade in the summer.
-They continue to irrigate and fertilize at the same rate as the spring application up until harvest.

Please click on the following picture to view it better :)

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Change in Weather effects the plants and animals greatly. let's look at a few examples of organisms which are effected by Summer in Nathia Gali.
Animals:
1)Hill Leopard:
Wild goat and sheep species, which are the main big prey of snow leopards, climb the steep slopes in the summer season to eat mountain grasses, causing the leopards to stalk them.
2)Rhesus Monkeys:
Rhesus Monkey fed about 1, 2, or 4 g of protein/kilogram of body weight each day in otherwise equivalent diets were observed.Summer conception produced longer gestation than did winter conception. Large mothers carried their infants slightly longer than small ones.
3)Flying Squirrels:
Flying squirrels are very social and often nest together, especially in winter. They will curl up together to stay warm during very cold spells, and limit their foraging to dusk and dawn, as opposed to all night long in summer.
Plants:
1)Hydrangea:
It likes to be in a cool position and doesn't grows well in our subtropical Lahore.
2)Clematis:
Summer-blooming clematis are not as common as the spring bloomers, . Summer-flowering clematis varieties may bloom only in June and July, or they may last until fall. The types of clematis that bloom in summer are divided into vining and non-vining types. Each has a unique growth habit, yet still the stunning colorful blooms.
3)Lupin:
Lupin another plant which likes cool climate. We do grow them in Lahore in our fall for spring flowering but flowers are small and stalks never as tall.

That's all for now.
Thank You!

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VIII-RED ( SUMMER
Summer heat is usually required for plants and animals to survive.
Naran khaghan , pakista n

ANIMALS:
1)  Markhor Markhors live at altitudes of 500 to 3,500 metres (1,600 to 11,000 feet) depending on season, summer is spent at higher altitudes and winter at lower altitudes.

2) Musk deers
During summer, they can be found in mountain forests ranging over 8,500 feet (2,600 meters) in elevation. They prefer dense vegetation and brush so they can easily find shelter during the day.

3) Wild cats
Once summer rolls around, there are lots of cat naps going on during the heat of the day.

PLANTS:
1) Cobra plants
While the temperatures in much of the species's range can exceed 25 °C, their roots die back after exposure to temperatures not much higher than 10 °C.

2)  Bulbs
Bulbs or saplings can be planted during summer in pots filled with equal parts of sand, gravel and dried cow dung powder

3)  Wild irises
These newly planted iriseswill have time to grow and establish themselves for the rest of the summer and fall, and will be ready to bloom for you next spring.

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VIII Yellow(Spring)
Animals:
1-Grass Snakes
As spring approaches, the male snakes emerge first than the females  and spend much of the day basking in an effort to raise body temperature and thereby metabolism.
2- Squirrels
As early spring approaches, it is the hardest time of year for squirrels, because buried nuts begin to sprout and are no longer available for the squirrels, during these times they rely heavily on the buds of trees .
3-Spring peepers
As Spring approaches the  Spring peppers become active and their chirping cal that marks the beginning of spring can be heard.
Plants
1-Jasmine
White jasmine produces an abundance of reddish-pink flower buds in early spring only, followed by fragrant five-petalled star-like white flowers which are about 2 cm in diameter.
2-Maple Trees
In early spring, the majority of maple trees form buds that swell to release colorful blooms. Some also form seed pods that look much like tiny helicopter propellers.
3- Garden Roses
As Spring approaches  a healthy polyantha shrub truly might be covered in flowers, making a strong colour impact in the landscape.

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Balochistan----Winters:
>>>>ANIMALS:)
>Black Bears hibernate and start giving births.
>Stripped Hyenas migrate for warm and safe habitat during Winters.
>Pallas Cats neither hibernate nor migrate because they prefer living in cold environment.
>>>>PLANTS:)
>Pitcher Plants are alive in Winters but not actively grow.
>Blueberry Plants not actively grow,they loose their leaves in Winters and sap below ground.
>In Winters Grasses have dormant roots or seeds only.

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Hunza (winters)
1. Snow leopards does not hibernate, they return in winter to the oak forest to forage for food. Snowdrop flower is blooming in winter.
2. Brown bears hibernate during winter from the end of October until the following spring. Persimmon trees grow best in winters and grows tasty persimmons.
3. Marco Polo Sheeps migrate in search for a warm habitat during winter. Coneflower, though does not maintain its beautiful purple colour in winters, it survives in winters

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Gilgit
Animals:-
•Yaks
Yaks can survive temperature of -40 degrees of Celsius during the winter.Yaks are herbivores. They graze grass, lichens, moss and eat tubers.
•Snow leopards
The snow leopard's thick winter coat,keep them warm through the freezing months. They follows its prey down the steep mountain slopes, moving along with the herds of ibex, bharal and etc.
Brown bear
Bears hibernate during the winter.
Brown bears do go into a deep sleep during the winter months, known as torpor.
Plants:-
Elaeagnus angustifolia
The leaves drop off in winter (or they wither but persist on the plant).
Hippophae rhamnoides
Hippophae rhamnoides ( Sea buckthorn) with berries in winter.
Hindu kush plant
Grow more faster in winter,it's not a fruit plant
increase in higher in high in winter.

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Balochistan(Winters)
1. Baluchistan Bear is a type of a sub-asiatic bear that live in mountainous and cold areas. It is known as a 'Baluchistan' Bear because this endangered species is only found in Baluchistan and Iran. This bear hibernates during winters
ii.   Perovskia atriplicifolia is a winter suited plant and also known as the national plant of Baluchistan.It is native to the steppes and hills of southwestern Balochistan ; it is edible. How ever this plant's shrub-like-structure and short length makes it difficult for Photsynthesis.
2. Persian Leopard is found in the Kirthar Mountains of Balochistan. It weighs up to 60kg and has a length of 153cm. This leopard can survive in low temperatures.
ii. Malabar Nut is a evergreen plant found in hills from September to December. This nut like structured flower has difficulty in winters for pollination as insects are in a low number.
3. Markhor is also known the screwed-horn goat. It is found in extreme winters in hills. This goat has a layer of fur which helps in surviving harsh winters
ii. Deodar Cedar is the most common winter plant found in winters and a hilly plant. It has pine cones as a way of spreading.  Tall structure helps in photosynthesis(gathering of sunlight).

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Abbottabad
ANIMALS
-Snow leopard
-Himalayan brown bear
-Indian wolf
1)Animals do many different, amazing things to get through the winter. Some of them "migrate." This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food.
2) Some animals remain and stay active in the winter. They must adapt to the changing weather. Many make changes in their behavior or bodies. To keep warm, animals may grow new, thicker fur in the fall. On weasels and snowshoe rabbits, the new fur is white to help them hide in the snow.
3)Some animals hibernate for part or all of the winter. This is a special, very deep sleep. The animal's body temperature drops, and its heartbeat and breathing slow down. It uses very little energy.
PLANTS
-Gul -e-Nargis
-Musk Rose
-Poppy Post
1)Plants usually stopped growing, leaves are falling off deciduous trees and some seeds are weeks or months away from germinating. As winter approaches, leaves lose chlorophyll and the tree salvages its constituents — mainly nitrogen, magnesium and phosphates — for recycling. The nutrients are carried back from the leaves into the branches where they're deposited in the bark.
2)Plant hormones then trigger the leaves, which are now largely stripped of nutrients, to fall off the tree.
3)Buds can also lie dormant over winter, often covered in scales, until the plant been exposed to low temperatures for long enough. Cherry trees, for instance, are genetically programmed to undergo a winter before buds open in spring. So, even if we have an unusually warm winter, buds won't burst to life until the tree has been chilled.

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Quetta
ANIMALS:

-Markhor

-Snow Lepord

-Houbara Bustard

1)Some animals, like squirrels, mice and beavers, gather extra food in the fall and store it to eat later. Some, like rabbits and deer, spend winter looking for moss, twigs, bark and leaves to eat. Other animals eat different kinds of food as the seasons change. The red fox eats fruit and insects in the spring, summer and fall. In the winter, it can not find these things, so instead it eats small rodents.

2)Animals may find winter shelter in holes in trees or logs, under rocks or leaves, or underground. Some mice even build tunnels through the snow. To try to stay warm, animals like squirrels and mice may huddle close together.

3)Water makes a good shelter for many animals. When the weather gets cold, they move to the bottom of lakes and ponds. There, frogs, turtles and many fish hide under rocks, logs or fallen leaves. They may even bury themselves in the mud. They become dormant. Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water, and the frogs and turtles can breath by absorbing it through their skin.
PLANTS:

-Chiltan

-Alkaloids

-Saponins

1)They do almost all of the photosynthesis ahead of time when they have the leaves, and make enough sugar/other for the plants cells to survive the  winter The sugar gets stored as starch, which the plants can break down to use as energy during the winter, like a hibernating bear uses fat.

2)Without sunlight green plants cannot photosynthesize and make their food. The cold temperatures of winter slow them down and stops their growth. Freezing temperatures stop water

from circulating in the plants sap. Like animals, some plants survive through the winters in resting stages.

3)Fortunately for the roots, the soil doesn't usually get as cold as the air. Plus, plantsin cold climates have evolved to protect themselves. As winter closes in, the soil is slowly freezing around the roots of your plants. ... Plants from climates with coldwinters have evolved to survive winter by going dormant.

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Islamabad
Plants in Winter:
1. Hyacinth;
The Hyacinth usually grows in winters but more common Hyacinth species may grow in summers too. Hyacinth bulbs are poisonous, they contain oxalic acid. they can cause mild skin irritation when are handled. The colour of this plant varies between 'mid-blue', violet-blue or bluish-purple. The colour and the growth of the Hyacinth differs in different seasons.
2. Anemone;
Anemone are perennials that have basal leaves with long leaf-stems that can be upright or prostrate. Leaves are simple or compound with lobed, parted, or undivided leaf blades. The leaf margins are toothed or entire. Anemone are more commonly called 'wind flowers' after the anemoi who were the Greek wind gods.
3. Aquilegia
Its common name is Granny's Bonnet. It is found mostly in meadows, woodlands and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern hemisphere. It is known for its spurred petals. The genus name Aquilegia is derived from the Latin word for eagle (aquila), because of the shape of the flower petals, which are said to resemble an eagle's claw.
Animals
1.Jackals
Jackals are medium-sized omnivorous mammals of the genus Canis, which also includes wolves and the domestic dog. While the word "jackal" has historically been used for many small canids, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backed jackal and side-striped jackal of sub-Saharan Africa, and the golden jackal of south-central Eurasia, which is more closely related to other members of the genus Canis.
2.Leopard
The leopard occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. The leopard is distinguished by its well-camouflaged fur, opportunistic hunting behaviour, broad diet, and strength (which it uses to move heavy carcasses into trees), as well as its ability to adapt to various habitats ranging from rain forest to steppe, including arid and montane areas, and its ability to run at speeds of up to 58 kilometres per hour (36 mph).
3.Mongoose
The word "mongoose" is likely derived from the Marathi name mungūs. Mongooses live in southern Asia, Africa, and southern Europe, as well in Fiji, Puerto Rico, and some Caribbean and Hawaiian islands, where they are an Introduced species.

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MIANWALLI (Winters)
> GOATS: Are animals who give
births in winters.They stay outside during the days and are kept under shelter at night. Neem plant  is a plant which is similar to all the other plants, they do not grow flowers or fruits on them and they shed their leaves as well in winters.
>HORSES:Are animals which are strong and hard.They also stay outside during the days and are kept under shelter at night.They are same in winters as well as in summers.Shisham is a plant which   shed their leaves like others and are dry in winters.They do not  grow any fruits or flowers in winters.
>SHEEP:Are animals which have a lot of hair that keeps them warm in this freezing season and their hair grow more and more in winters.People do not cut their hair in winters.They stay outside during the days and are kept under shelter at night.Kikar is a plant which shed their leaves and are dry in winters.They do no grow new fruits and flowers in winters.

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KASHMIR [ winter ] :
ANIMALS

Grey Langurs spend their most of the time in carrying out various social activities. Moreover, they feed 13 plants which belongs to 12  families.Also they consume a substantial proportion of bark. Furthermore, they balance their time budget and diet which increases their chances of surviving in unfavorably cool weather.

Musk Deers endanger many species around their habitat. Musk Deers have many adaptions which help them to survive in the cold weather such as:

1.  FAT STORAGE: they store fat around their internal organs and under their skin which insulates and provides them with lots of energy in the lean months ahead.

2. OIL:  Sebaceous glands in their skin produce a water repellent oil that coats their filaments.

3. Also they reduce their movement activity and food intake in winters.

Snow Leopard: when a female snow leopard gives birth to cubs, she have to make sure that their cubs remain in the shelter in winters while they themselves go out to hunt and bring food for their cubs to eat whereas in summer all [cubs and mother] go to hunt out because of pleasant weather.

PLANTS

Chinar Tree: chinar tree which is amber, blood-red, yellow and mauve in autumn sheds its leaves in winter, know as BUEN. This marks the onset of winter in Kashmir.Also, its leaves drop off from harsh conditions of winter.

Kashmir conifers: conifers have higher leaf densities. This means that the snow can quickly accumulate to the point of stem and branch breakage. To offset this snow loading problems, conifers display alternative growth and branching patterns.

Walnut tree: high temperature in low elevation leads to darkening of kernel at the time of ripening.Moreover, it requires plenty of rainfall...

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Hunza(winter)
Animals:
•Brown beers:hibernate during winter and tend to slow down.
•Musk deer:don't hibernate but find a warm spot.
•Red fox:tend to be solitary usually hunting alone.
Plants:
•White mangrove:most cold hardy,but still sensitive to winter.
•Malabar nut:frosts in the winter and recovers rapidly in spring.
•Jasmine:frosts in winter and may also die.
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Arabian Desert (Winters):
Plants:
_Date palms: are extremely common and have the biggest plant population in the Arabian Desert. Many residents and animals of the Arabian desert enjoy eating the fruit that this tree produces which are called dates. It can reach to 75 feet high (about 23 metres). The trunk of the date palm is rough and its leaves are barbed.   _The Abal: can grow up to 4 feet tall which is about
121cm. The Abal is it's common name, but it can
also be called by the Calligonum comosson
which is it's scientific name.   _The Salt Bush: is one of the most widespread plants among the Arabian desert. The plant can grow up to around 3-6 feet high. The Salt Bush is highly
tolerant of the salt content in the soil which is how it has its name and also plays a part in how it survives in the Desert.Animals:
_The Egyptian Giant Sopulgid: also known as Camel Spider(Galeodes Arabs).It grows 6 inches long and can move as fast as 10 miles per hour.   _The Egyptian Uromastyx (Uromastyx Aegyptia)also known as Dhub It grows up to 2 feet long and can weigh up to 10 pounds.   _Arabian Camel:also known as Dromedaries,have ability to store food and water in their Humps.They can store up to 80 pounds of fats in there single Hump.

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Please click on the highlighted words to open links

:

Murree features a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) under the Köppen climate classification. It is situated in the outer Himalayas, retaining high altitude. This type of area has cold, snowy winters, relatively cool summers with drastically escalated rain, in relation with lower altitudes, and frequent fog. Precipitation is received year round, with two maxima, first one during winter and second one at summer, July–August. Total mean precipitation annually is 1,789 mm (70.4 in).

A variety of rare animal species can be found in Murree, including the leopard, which inhabits the neighboring Galiyat region. Common animals include the rhesus monkey, wild boar, foxes and various species of birds, including the cheer pheasant and kalij pheasant. Murree gives its name to the Murree vole, a rodent species endemic to Pakistan. Murree's climate is unpredictable. It can change any time.

http://www.lahoregardening.com/2011/06/flowers-of-murree-hills-aquilegia-chestnut-tree-and-wild-flowers.html

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Himalayas(winter)
Animals:
Snow Leopard
>Snow leopard have stocky bodies,their fur is thick and they have small rounded ears ,all of them help to minimize the heat lose.
>Their paw are wide which distribute the weight better for walking on snow,and have fur on their undersides to increase their grip on steep and unstable surfaces.
Red Panda
>Red Panda are adapted to cold weathers than in hot weather
>They do not hibernate but rely on their heavy fur and bushy tails to keep them hot in cold spells
Himalayan Tahr
>In winter the Tahr has a dense,reddish to dark brown woolly coat with a thick undercoat,which keeps it warm
Plants:\
Blue poppies
This plant is a cold but a sunny himalayas  which can grow above 10,000,Other than its rarified terrain and climate ,which makes it impossible to grow in mid atlantic
Arenaria montana
the mountain sandwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to mountainous regions of southwestern Europe
Birch
A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula  in the family Betulaceae

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Cholistan Desert:
Animals in Winter:
1. Hog deer: Is reddish brown in summer and eventually changes into dark brown in the winter season with thick coat. It needs more food in winter as its body starts to run out of fat reserves, hence it is likely to be found more active looking for food during winter.
2. Blackbuck: Digestion of nutrients is more efficient in winter season while poor in summer. It also changes colour and becomes darker in winter. But still, the cold climate is not suited for the blackbuck as it has to travel long distances to obtain water.
3. Nilgai (Blue bull): Form herds of 30 to 100 in winter. It can survive a long time without water. It's coat is not well insulated during winter and the severe cold might be fatal for the poor animal.
Plants in Winter:
1. Acacia Senegal: Is a medicinal tree common in Cholistan desert. It's peak flowering season is in Autumn and the fruits attain their full size and reach maturity during winters. The shedding of leaves also starts in winter and by summer, the tree becomes totally leafless.
2. Mimosa Pudica: Is a plant used for medicinal purposes. The growth slows down and the seeds mostly do not germinate in winter season. It is frost sensitive which means that it does not tolerate cold temperatures.
3. Abizia Lebbeck: Is a tree species also found in Cholistan. It is one of the most common species of Albizia and is also called "siris." It is during the winter season when this tree gets loaded with foot sized fruiting pods that dry to a brown, shiny state.

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Gilgit (autumn)

1- the SNOW LEOPARD moves to the lower regions of the mountains and SEA BUCK THORNS start to develop their fruits.
2- in the season of autumn, MARKHORS travel south of the mountains along with their herds and the WALNUT TREE's bark starts to darken while the inner woods turns grey.
3- the URIAL breeds in the season of autumn and the DWARF MULBERRY TREE starts to bear fruit.
These were a few examples of different plants and animals being affected in the season of autumn.

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8red
Plants affect in summer in Pakistan

High temperatures speed up the normal living process of plants to a maximum rate at and above 90 degrees F. This means that most plants can take temperatures up to 90 degrees F. fairly well. Anything above that—the hotter it gets, the more they suffer! Of course, less tolerant or weaker plants suffer even more. The longer high temperatures persist, the greater the injury to the plant.

Hot soils also hamper plant growth. Shallow-rooted and container plants are particularly affected by soil heat build-up. Deeper-growing roots penetrate to a level of better soil temperatures and moisture. Mulching the soil surfaces around plants and watering properly is a good idea to stabilize soil temperatures. The most obvious symptom of a plant’s heat exposure and hot soils is persistent afternoon wilting, followed by foliage burn.

Hot air, particularly hot, dry wind, causes too much moisture loss from the plant's foliage. Some evaporation from leaves is normal, but when vital moisture is being evaporated faster than the plant's ability to replace it, leaves dry out and wilt. To be drought-tolerant, plants must have roots able to absorb as much, or more, moisture from the soil and do it as fast, or faster, than the foliage loses it. First symptoms of hot air injury are drying and browning at the tips and edges of older leaves. Then, tender new tip growth wilts, soon followed by dieback. Rapid moisture loss can cause tender leaves to turn black. Evaporation cools foliage, but if it doesn't get water from the roots fast enough to provide the evaporative cooling effect, the foliage gets hot, tender growth wilts and older leaves sunburn.

Animals affect in summer in Pakistan

Animals especially (although plants also go through the process) change their patterns and behaviors based on the cycle of seasons. Scientists believe that organisms naturally sense the changes in the light cycles of the sun and automatically change their behavior accordingly. Many animals breed so that they give birth in the spring and raise their young in the summer, when food is plentiful and there is safety in numbers.

In very cold areas, animals wait until summer, when the ice begins to melt, to migrate, mate and forage for food. Plants can be more picky about just the right conditions to grow flowers or produce seeds, but the seasons, along with temperatures and moisture conditions, also play an enormous role in governing their cycles.

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Himalaya (Winters)
1)Animals:
i)Himalayan black bear:
For winter, they descend as low as 5,000 to more tropical forests.
ii)Himalayan monal:
During winter this species can be located at the lower end of its altitude distribution.
iii)Himalayan tahr:
Himalayan tahr has dense, reddish-brown woolly coat with thick undercoat, which keeps the body warm during the cold winters. Coat becomes lighter in color and less dense during the spring.
2)Plants:
i)Himalayan birch 'Grayswood Ghost':
The foliage sheds for winter.
ii)Himalayan balsam
Hay like remains in winter.
iii)Himalayan oxey daisy :
Oxeye daisy is easily grown from seed sown any time of the year.

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Animals:
1. The thorny devil drinks with its skin so it can take in dirty water 🦎💦.
2. The sand grouse can carry water in its feathers 🦆.
3. The road runner cries out extra salt 😭.
Plants:
1. Desert sage has beautiful evergreen purple flowers 🌺.
2. Desert willow tree can withstand arid weather 🌳.
3. The desert lily has a deep bulb used as a food source 🌷🌷.

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Autumn in Kashmir
In Autumn the Trees change their colour and shed their leaves.
This is also the season in which the Tress spread their seeds. The temperature is mild and the change in season affects many plants and animals.
•The Chinar Tree changes it's colour. The tree turns gold and then to russet and red and Markhor, Paksitan's national animal, in spring and summer they graze, but in autumn and winter they turn to browsing.
•The Walnut Tree's young are damaged due to the slightly cold weather and the young plants aren't strong enough to survive in such conditions and the Leopard which can survive and mate in every season won't mate because in Autumn, there is less food as the plant eating animals might die because of the shortage of fresh grass and plants.
•The Pine Tree sheds it's leaves and it's sharp needle parts turn yellow from green and the Jackal it stays in shelters in night such as deep holes in the ground to save self from the slightly cold weather and it stays in the shade from the trees during day time.
The Chinar Tree in Autumn:

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Muzaffarabad (Summer)
<Plants>
1:- Solanum pseudocapsicum:-
About eight weeks after the start of propagation, transplant the young plants singly into 8cm (3 inch) pots of soil-based potting mixture and treat them in the same way as mature Solanum pseudocapsicum.
2:-  Black nightshade:-
A common herb or short-lived perennial shrub, found in many wooded areas, as well as disturbed habitats. It reaches a height of 30 to 120 cm (12 to 47 in), leaves 4.0 to 7.5 cm (1.6 to 3.0 in) long and 2 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in) wide; ovate to heart-shaped, with wavy or large-toothed edges; both surfaces hairy or hairless; 1 to 3 cm (0.5 to 1 in) long with a winged upper portion.
3:-  Eggplant:-
A common sight in vegetable gardens, with many different shaped and coloured cultivars available to choose from. The fruit contains numerous small, soft seeds and can be grown in containers or as ornamental plants in the garden. The colours are mostly  Blue-violet and   Dark pastel purple and  Cadmium yellow.
Link:- https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9ae1/28232f39fd55d072532bbb1ad2dc331e971e.pdf
<Animals>
1:- Common Leopards:-
Is typically associated with the moist temperate forest with mixed deciduous and coniferous forests.
2:- Rhesus Macaque:-
This species of primate can live in a variety of habitats. This animal mostly inhabits mountainous regions of the moist temperate forest and also found in dry temperate forest.
3:- Musk deer:-
In summer, musk deer inhabit remote alpine scrub on scattered rock outcrops and in upper fringes of closed coniferous forests at c. 3,000–3,500 m. They invariably use steep slopes (≥ 20°), which makes them difficult to approach.
Link:-
http://kashmirtravelservice.com/wild-life.html

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Plants
1- Hydrangea:  which likes to be in cool position, does not grow well in our subtropical climate of lahore.
2- Azalea: small tree growing to 5m, leaves are evergreen, 6 to 18 cm long and 2 to 5 cm, violet-purple flower, with small greenish-yellow spots.
3- chinar: 30 m tall tree, spreading crown. Maple like deeply lobed leaves, cones.

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Hiba kashif(8 silver)(Winters )Animals in abbottabad 

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Hiba kashif(8 silver)(Winters )Animals in abbottabad 

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(1)Highflying pigeons
The Chistopolian Highflyer is a breed of fancy pigeon. Chistopolian Highflyers, along with other varieties of domesyicated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia)
Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleece, meat (lamb, hogget or mutton) and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by shearing. Ovine meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for pelts, as dairy animals, or aside model organisms for science.
(2)Sheep:The sheep (Ovis aries) is a ruminant mammal typically kept as lifestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, even_toed ungulates. Although the name "sheep" applies to many species in the genus Ovis, in everyday usage it almost always refers to Ovis aries. Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep. An adult female sheep is referred to as a jewel an intact male as a ram or occasionally a tup, a castrated male as a wether, and a younger sheep as a lamb.
(3)Snow leopard
The snow leopard or ounce (Panthera uncia) is a large cat native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red list of threatened Special because the global population is estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals and decline about 10% in the next 23 years. As of 2016, the global population was estimated at 4,500 to 8,745 mature individuals
Plants in Abbottabad
(1)Musk rose
Rosa moschata, the musk rose, is a species of rose which has been long in cultivation. Its wild origins are uncertain but are suspected to lie in the western Himalayas.
(2)Narcissus poeticus
Narcissus poeticus (poet's daffodil, poet's narcissus, nargis, pheasant's eye, findern flower, and pinkster lily) was one of the first daffodils to be cultivated, and is frequently identified as the narcissus of ancient times (although Narcissustaazetta and Narcissus jonquilla have also been considered as possibilities). It is also often associated with the Greek legend of Narcissus. It is type species of the genus Narcissus Extremely fragrant, with a ring of petals in pure white and a short corona of light yellow with a distinct reddish edge,It grows to 20 to 40 cm (7.9 to 15.7 in) tall,and is widely naturalized in North America

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GILGIT BALTISTAN (summer)

< ANIMALS >
1-  Snow Leopard
In summer it lives above tree line and on mountainous meadows
2- Brown Bear
Dozens of bears may gather to feast on the fish, craving fats that will sustain them through the long winter ahead.
3-  Markhor
eat tussock grass and its reddish coat is short and smooth in summer.
< PLANTS >
1- Apricot tree
Grow well in sunlight and good soil.people dry them out on their roofs for multiple uses.
2- Wild Strawberry
It's a cool-season plant, and grows actively.
3- Dwarf Mulberry tree
Full sun exposure will make the mulberry happiest.
Bibliography :-
- snow Leopard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_leopard
- Brown Bear
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_bear
- Markhor  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markhor
-Apricot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apricot
- Wild Strawberry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca
- Dwarf Mulberry tree
https://www.daleysfruit.com.au/fruit%20pages/Dwarf-Mulberry-Black.htm

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8 silver
Antarctica:
Animals (Winter)

Migrate to warmer environments:    birds: When the temperature starts dropping outside, this method of dealing with winter begins to look more and more attractive. No wonder that so many different types of animals take this route, from birds to monarchs (and even human snowbirds). But that doesn’t mean it’s an easy life choice.

Huddle together for warmth:
penguins :Sharing body heat is a great way to conserve energy and keep out cold, but emperor penguins in Antarctica have mastered this technique — and they do it with an egg balanced on the feet. It turns out, though, that there’s an optimal distance for huddling, with the birds only touching slightly so they don’t compress their feathers and compromise their insulation.

Hide out under the snow:

Rabbits :It may have to be cold for it to snow, but snow acts as an insulator, keeping out the worst of the cold (which is why igloos were invented). Whole ecosystems can be found living in that space between the snow and the ground, a type of ecosystem that some ecologists last year named the  subnivium.
PLANTS:

Fungi:  do not produce energy through photosynthesis but instead obtain food by breaking down and absorbing surrounding materials. While previously classified with plants, fungi are now considered more similar to animals and are in a kingdom of their own.

Lichens :  The fungus provides water and minerals from the growing surface, while the alga produces energy for both organisms through photosynthesis. Lichens compete with plants for sunlight.

Algae : lack the structures that characterize vascular and nonvascular plants and are classified in the kingdom Protista.

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Migratory birds

early winter, the weather starts getting harsh in northern regions of the world leaving no choice for wild birds but to leave their home grounds and move towards comparatively warmer regions in the south.Millions of wild birds that breed in Arctic regions take flight from their homelands and travel along several routes to reach the warm wintering grounds.ln Pakistan, an estimated population of one million birds migrates during winter.

Most of them prefer to stay on various wetlands of Sindh province since there are many large wetland complexes along the Indus River. These freshwater wetlands provide suitable habitats and feeding opportunities to a wide variety of water-birds passing through Indus flyway

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Autumn in Naran Kaghan :
1)Five species of the narcissus flower are autumn flowering and the brown trout lay eggs.
2) The monkshood plant dies in autumn and black bears start searching and eat a lot of food to store up energy for hibernation.
3) The leaves of the peony plant shed and wolves eat salmon as it is easily available in autumn

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"Skardu"
Skardu is a town in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, and serves as the capital of
Skardu District.
<<Animals>>
Siberian Ibex
Siberian ibexes seek out lower slopes during the winter in search of food.In winters, mature males becoming much darker with white patches. Females and infants are generally more bland in color than the adult males, and do not always have the stripe down the back.
https://ak0.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/595330/thumb/1.jpg
Tibetian Sand Fox
Under its fur, the fox has a lot of body fat, which helps to keep it insulated in the cold. In the autumn, arctic foxes increase their fat reserves to provide energy and insulation through the winter
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b7/c8/c9/b7c8c94819e4282b277544a5baaa4e2d.jpg
Lynx
Any animals hibernate or migrate to warmer climates in winter, but Canadian lynx are specially adapted to endure cold weather. In addition to a thick winter coat, the lynx has wide, padded, furry paws that work like snowshoes to help the big cat survive winter's difficult conditions.
http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/sites/default/files/inline-images/eurasian_lynx_0.jpg
<<Plants>>
Polygonum affine
https://davisla.wordpress.com/category/polygonum-affine/
Thalictrum alpinum
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/howtogrow/3303638/How-to-grow-Thalictrum-delavayi.html
Red maple
https://necsc.umass.edu/projects/climate-effects-culture-and-ecology-sugar-maple

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Hunza [winters ]
The Hunza is a mountainous valley in the GilgitBaltistan region of Pakistan. The Hunza is situated in the extreme northern part of Pakistan .

Brown bears  starts to hibernate at the  end of the winter.Cone flower starts to lose its purple color but still survives .

Marco polo sheep migrate to explore a warm habitat suitable for there body temperatures .Snow drop flower starts to bloom in mid winters

Snow leopards stops hibernating in winter,Persimmon trees best grow in winters .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QVP_5cRnt0

link for video on how brown bears hibernate

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Laiba Nadeem
Plants:
1)Petunia cannot tolerate freezing temperatures.                                       2) Aquilegia  Gro well in cool climate (winters)  in semi shape.
3) Gazania petals starts to  drop off.
Animals:
1)Rabbit change their diet in winters . They eat more food in winters and live underground .
2)Chicken do huddling to keep themselves warm as this wheather is not good for them .
3) Dogs in winter got chill cuts .

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Autumn in Naran Kaghan:
1)Delphinium plants almost die in autumn and eagles migrate to warmer places.
2)Azalea plants has new growth of flowers till late autumn and leopards hunt for food in autumn.
3)Poppy plants grow in autumn and black bears store food energy for hibernation.

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VIII-RED (summer)
Gilgit  Baluchistan

The Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan are rich in flora and fauna because of varied climatic conditions and ecosystems.
ANIMALS:
1.wolves:
In summers these wolves who are used to the specific harsh weather hide themselves in caves, the remote, mountains areas where they feel a bit cold while the hot nights pass on.
2.snow leapords:
They move to different altitudes along with the summer,  so their coats vary from fine in the summer to thick in the winter.
3. Musk Deer
the Siberian musk deer will move down into wooded river valleys in the summer, where grassy vegetation is more plentiful/ abundant.
PLANTS:
1. wild strawberry
Strawberries Are Available Year-Round, but Summer Is Their True Season. as Gilgit is a very chilly area the wild berries have adapted the environment but the same berry grows rapidly in summers due to certain reasons.
2.collards
as collards are green vegetables which dont grow well in summers due to the color changing pigment, and also because they have adaptions to a cool dry place. collards in some areas stop growing due to summers.

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1- Hydrangea: which likes to be in cool position. Does not grow well in our subtropical climate of lahore.
2- Oenothera rosea: evening primrose. Blooming happily in the crack of a steep hill. Infact it was growing on a hilly slope,
3- Yellow iris flower: they are not wild but grown in many home gardens in murree.

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VIII Red (Summer)
Muzzafarabad

Leopards are the common animals found in muzzafarabad and its a bit chilly usually and they hibernate.

Musk deer has small ears , short tail and no antler. To keep itself normal in summer it will find some place away from where its too hot.

Grey goral is an animal which is already hunted for and looked and in summers it proceeds to a low grazing land.

PLANTS

Black night shade is a herb or a plant which isn't dense and it also  can't reach to heights. It's found there so its used to chilly weather so summer doesnt affect them.

Egg plant is a common plant also found in areas rather than mountains. It remains firm in summers

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Jjbb

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VIII- Red(summer)
Animals:
1. brown bear:
In summers, brown bear usually collect fish and food before they hibernate and they also collect this so that they could survive if there are long winters ahead.
2. Musk deer:
They will go to the place where there is more plants and vegetation in summer to get more plants to eat and survive.
3. Markhor:
it eats grass that has a covering that when it eats it it is smooth and keeps it firm in summers.
PLANTS
1.Egg Plant:
It is not in areas with mountains and in summers it grows well and is firm. It doesn't need  to do anything.
2. wild strawberry:
This plant grows well in spring but in summers it is like not really active and it is also dormant. It grows well in others but not in summers.

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winters (himalayas)
Animals.
Red Panda:red pandas are better adapted to winters then summers and they spend winters in their home territories . they dont hibernate but rely on their heavy fur to keep them warm.
Snow Leopards:in winters their thick fur increases in length during the winter upto 5 inches long on their belly.
Black Bears:hibernate in winters.

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VIII silver ( Winter )Himalayan mountains
Animals:
*Snow leopard: Member of the big cat family and prime attraction of Himalayan wild life . Known for its infuriated approach towards its prey. Gifted with white yellowish skin , thick fur and is estimated number of 3,500 to 7,000 snow leopards in the wild  are left. They prefer steep, rugged terrains with rocky outcrops and ravines to hide
*Himalayan Wild Yak: One of the most popular and widely seen animals there . Considered domestic by the locals , type of Ox with long hair and massive built with drooping head that could still stand about 6 feet tall . Wild Yak is useful as it provides us with milk, fibre, and meat to the locals.
Red Panda: The beautiful red panda with a body of a cat and head of a panda , endangered and smaller in size and better known as red fox arboreal mammal is inhabitant , unlike other mountain mammals it likes to live in temperate climates
PLANTS
On the dry south side of the mountain, chaparral bushes cover the steep slopes. Chaparral is a bush orshrub, usually evergreen, with leathery leaves and very deep roots.
FRUITS:
Cardamom: stimulates the immune system to help prevent and fight off viral infection. This warm, fragrant spice is also known for its abilities to open blocked air passages, clear the head and ease cold & flu symptoms, as well as symptoms of asthma. You can also use cardamom to soothe an upset stomach, improve digestion, neutralize bad breath, detoxify the body, promote feelings of well-being and ward off depression and some say it also helps us get rid of hiccups !. Goji berries :have been used extensively throughout history as a natural remedy for pain and dizziness. They are also known for their abilities to naturally increase strength and energy levels, improve digestion, balance blood sugar and ward off diabetes, boost immune function, promote longevity, balance hormones and increase libido.

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Spring season brings change in temperature .The day and nights become of equal length.
(ANIMALS)
1-Garter snakes come out of their dens in spring for reproduction and hibernation.
2-House sparrows breed in spring and when other seasons come the breeding parts of house sparrows is quickly shut down.
3-Baby deer are born in spring .
(PLANTS)
1-Garden roses
It makes strong colour impact.
2-Maple trees
Form buds in summer.
3-Jasmine
It produces redish pink flower.

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Spring season brings change in the temperature .Days and nights become equal.
Animals:
1- Garter snakes come out of their dens in the spring for hibernation and reproduction

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8 - yellow
Cholistan (spring):
Plants
1. Acacia Tree : Acacia is also called wattles or acacias . They grow in warm climates and are mostly fast growers with long roots .    2.African foxtail grass or Cenchrus ciliaris is a grass native in tropical africa and can tolerate drought . It has deep roots witch are helpful to find water . 3.Calligonum polygonoides or locally known as phog . It is a desert shrub found mainly in Thar desert . It can grow on sandy soils and doesn't need a lot of water. Animals:
1.chinkara or Indian gazelle has reddish - buff coat with smooth glossy fur . IT can survive without water for long periods of time. 2.houbara bustard is also called North African houbara .It is a large bird with dull brown color and black marking on its wings . This species are omnivorous . 3.Blue bull or Nilgai are the largest Asian antelope . Their coat is thick for protection in fights with bluish grey color .But their coat cant provide protection against cold so extreme cold is fatal for Nilgai .

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Summer greatly effects the plants and animals in Pakistan administered Murree.

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Summer greatly effects the plants and animals in Pakistan administered Murree.

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Animals:
Musk deer

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Summer greatly affects the activities of plants and animals in Pakistan,Kalam Swat.
Animals:
Markhor
-they do not reproduce.
-the leaves and grass have dried up in the summer so they have to feed on small plants.
Musk Deer
-they move to wooded valley where grassy environment is plentiful.
snow leopards
-move to different altitudes and their coat vary from fine in summer to thick in winters.
Plants

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Autumn.Although many flowers and plants develop in spring but some plants only develop in autumn. For example :
1 Cannabis:  Cannabis are special type of plants which can only develop flowers in moderate temperature like autumn
2 Asteraceae: These usually develop in water scarcity seasons such as autumn.
3 Araceae: These in water scarcity seasons such as autumn, develop long toots in the soil to absorb water
ANIMALS
1 Tibetan wolves: These also to survive in autumn and winter changes its colour into a pale colour and its fur into a wooly and thick one.
2 Yellow Throated martin: It also changes its coat into a fluffy and thick coat
3 Himalayan Black Bear: These collects food in autumn and starts hibernating in autumn also.

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AUTUMN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN
*Animals*
1. Snow leapord
snow leapords usually stay at high peeks due to cold weather but they come downdown when its warmer to hunt on the animals that come on the steep slopes to eat the grasses before they  wear off in autumn.

2.Markhor
they are wild species of goats in gilgit and other northen areas.its the national animal of pakistan.they are mostly hunted dowun in hunting seasons which take place in autumn season.
3.Bahrat
they rest onof mainly grassy mountainsand the autumn season helps them alot to blend in with the colors,camouflage from the predators.
*PLANTS*
1.thymus serpllum
it is also known as breckland thyme and is a flowering plant common in gilgit but barely found in autumn season.
2.aquilegia sibirica
they are the provincial flowers of gilgit and is also known as granny's bonnet. it gives an attractive color to tha autumn season.
3.Hunza valley (place)
this place is,aeat area to see all theautumn colors by plants of many different types. it is also reffered tas heaven to earth becauqse of its tremendous beauty.

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Murree;
Animals;
1;Foxes:The female gives birth to 4-5 cubs in a den and the beginning the  male  bring food to feed her as she rarely leaves the den.The cubs are born blind and def and their fur are of black colour.For the first week the cubs are dependent on the mothers warmth.After about a month,the cubs starts emerging from the den.In spring foxes begin their annual moult.
2;Leopards;After  tigers,lions,jaguars,the  leopards is the forth largest cat in the  world.It can grow  to more than 6feets long  and weigh up to 200 pounds.Few othr cats are as varied in appearane as the leopard.Leopards live in grasslands and forest throughround.gAfrica,but can adapt to many different landscapes.
3;Monkeys:    Monkeys are tree dwelling mammals .They are in the primate order.Monkeys are intelligent,social animals.Most monkey have a tail even it is small.Some of them lives on trees but some on the  ground.Some monkeys are small ,about 15 centimetres long and 120 grams in weight. A group of monkey is known as troop.
Plants;
1;Freesia:  Freesia have funnel shaped flowers which comes  in shades of yellow,red,white and even mauve.Their gentle pastel colours are one reason why they're a mainstay of the flowerof the flower shop.Most of the species of Freesia are native to Africa;specifically  the cape province region of the South Africa.
2;Dalhi;Dalhi are colourful spiky flowers which generally bloom from from midsummer to first frost,when many other plants are past.It's popular name is Georgina.It has height from 30cm up  to 180 cm.
3;Gazania: Gazania is a genus of the flowering plants in the family Asteraceae,native to Southern Africa .They produce large ,daisy like composite flowerheads in brilliant shades of yellow ,orange etc.

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MANAL ASIF 8 BLUE(stallion                                                                                         🍃🍃 AUTUMN IN CHITRAL🍃🍃🍃

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MANAL ASIF 8 BLUE(stallion                                                                                         🍃🍃 AUTUMN IN CHITRAL🍃🍃🍃

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*PLANTS*🌴🌳🌵🌲
1-prunus dulcis🍃🍃
The flowers of these tree shred off as the autum arrives😯
2-junipers🌲🌲
They grow in this adorable season as they need slight sunlight for growth😄
3-cedrus deodra🌻🌼🌺
This plant grow beautiful flowers in this season❤👍

*Animals*
1-snow lepord🐐🐐
This winter animal give birth to there cubs by staying in shelter👪🐣
2-Marmots🐗🐗
They spent there time hibernating 😉
3-red wolf🐩🐩
in autumn there colour gradualy change to dark brown🍘🍘
Dont forget to have a look at these videos😉😉
https://youtu.be/VrCkIC7rYyw

https://goo.gl/images/dga1qZ

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Hibernation | The Dr. Binocs Show | Learn Videos For Kids

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SPRING--Animals:-
1.Deer: Many animals are born in spring because some have problem getting warm, they get warmer in spring and get plenty of food to eat because plants mostly grow in spring
2.Birds: When winter thaws into spring days have a certain increase in length and get longer.increase in length pushes them to breed conditions.
3.Toads: When the first big rain starts and hits toads,which wait all year for this rain underground,so their young can grow.
PLANTS:-
1.Spinach: There are lots of variety of spinach savoy and semi savoy which have curly and crinkled  crispy leaves.or smooth leave with flatter and softer texture.It even takes 3 weeks to harvest even when their short.
2.Radish: It is one of the fastest growing vegetables.they are great for inter planting with lettuce or other spring greens.they are not only red,pink,white but also of different shapes,colors and sizes they can even be spicy or sweet.
3.Kale:It can be harvested as a baby green  and as full sized leaf.it can be dense and crinkly like a dinosaur tale.

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Murree (Spring)
Plants:
1.  Clematis:
Clematis is a queen of flowering vine. Clematis is a genus about 300 of the species and this one of them. This is the true wild clematis species. This flower is usually found in hilly areas. They have a really big cluster with a really nice fragrance. Spring season is a best season for the species of clematis as they bloom.
2. The Yellow Iris Flowers:
These flowers are not wild but are grown by gardeners in Murree. These flowers has a nice and a vibrant yellow color in Spring.
3. Lupin:
Lupin is a plant which likes cool climate. These flowers, grown in Murree are quite tall. Lupin is also grown in Lahore in spring but its stems are not as tall as the one grown in Murree.

Animals:
1. Galliat Leopards:
Although, leopards do not seem friendly and can harm humans but galliat leopards are one of the leopards which didn't hurt the humans for a really long time. They're really friendly but they are a part of endangered species. They're now, too, starving because man has invaded their habitat.  These leopards can also hunt from trees, allowing them to blend with the leaves until they bloom in the spring.
2. Woolly Flying Squirrel:
Woolly Flying Squirell is type of a "reserved" and a sociable animal. This squirrel is also a part of the endangered species. Nursing females are especially likely to visit the feeders in spring.
3. Rhesus Monkey:
These monkeys are brown and the adult face's is red. The tail is a medium length and their hair on the head is short. They normally eat fruits and seeds.

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Spring ( Thar Desert )
Animals:
1) BLACK BUCK
Black buck is also known as Indian antelope. The blackbuck inhabits grassy plains and slightly forested areas. Due to their regular need of water, they prefer areas where water is perennially available.
2) CHIINKARA
chinkara is also known as indian gazelle. They can go without water for long periods and can get sufficient fluids from plants and dew.They share their habitat with several other herbivores, such as nilgai and blackbuck.
3) WHITE FOOTED FOX
white footed fox is also known as the desert fox.The colour on the back changes  from brownish yellow to rusty red with slight admixture of white, while the flanks changes whitish or greyish.

Plants:
1) CALLIGONUM  POLOGONOIDES
Calligonum polygonoides, locally known as phog, is a small shrub found in Thar desert areas.In spring it grows on dry sand soils and on sand dunes.
2) MAPLE TREE
Most maples are trees growing to a height of 10–45 m (33–148 ft). Others are shrub less than 10 meters tall with a number of small trunks originating at ground level.
3) ACACIA
Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australia, with the first species

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Himalayan(winter):
animals:

Himalayan Tahr:  Himalayan tahr get a dense, reddish to dark brown woolly coat with a thick undercoat to keep warm.   it grows a woolly coat ranging from red to dark brown with a thick undercoat to keep warm.

Giant Panda:   It has thick wooly skin that helps these bear looking animal stays warm even in the coldest atmosphere.

Musk Deer:  male Himalayan musk deer become anxious, competitive, and eat little. While protecting their territory, which encompasses the home ranges of several females, males fight one another using their long canine teeth as weapons. The females demonstrate exhaustion and attempt to stay in hiding. The male's musk sac is key in attracting females during the mating season; the sac emanates a strong smell meant to lure the females from hiding.

plants:
Ginseng: The unique thing about this plant is it could survive even the freezing winter that’s why the fruit is also called as winter cherry.
shrubs : Alpine vegetation occupies higher parts of the Great Himalayas just below the snow line
Agapetes serpens: In the cool greenhouse over winter but will do fine inside or just bring in during hard freezes.  1" red tubular flowers.

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Balochistan(Spring)
I choosed Balochistan for my project because it is famous and well known for its flora and fauna.
Plants:🌱🍀🍃🌳🌲

Somalatha

It is the provincial flower of Balochistan. They have green shrubs which can grow to 1 metre. They grow in obtuse angle.They can be found in desert regions area easily .

Tulip( tulipa)

The flowers of tulip are usually large,showy and brightly coloured. They usually come in white ,red and yellow colour. They become dormant in summers once the leaves and flowers die back. They emerge above ground as a shoot from the underground bulb in the early springs. In structure they are usually cup or star shaped. Tulip stems have few leaves and large species tend to have multiple leaves.

Football lily ( Jungali Piaz)

These plants grow in the city of Quetta. They have annual herbs. They are bulbiferous. Their height is about 12 to 20 inches. They have Umbel flowers which look like football. The colour of this Football lily is purple. It grow in climate with long cool spring and sometimes dry summers.

Animals:🐁🦔🦌🐆

Goitered Gazelle

The colour of their body is light brown and they have a black tail. They have restricted breeding season. This occurs from November to January and the births takes place in April and May. In spring and summers groups may travel to water sources. During the breeding season when births take place in April and May adult males become territorial, using dund middens placed at strategic locations to indicate ownership.

Markhor (Screw horn goat)

They are adapted to mountainous terrain. Their length stands between 52 to 73 inches. Their colour is light brown to black( sometime). They can be found between 600 to 3,600 metres in elevation. Their diet shift seasonally: in spring and summer they graze but turn to browsing in winter. They live in flocks usually numbering 9 animals.

Dormouse

Dormouse are similar to normal mouse. They feed on berries, fruits, nuts, and flowers. One of the most notable characteristics of those dormice that live in temperate zones is hibernation. They can hibernate 6 months or even more than that until unless the weather doesn’t get warmer.Their hibernation usually starts in November and end in late spring; in May. To get in hibernation, they build up fat reserves in their bodies.

Tulip flowers in spring:

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PLANTS
GWARIKH (WILD TULIP)
they are strapped shaped and have a waxy leaves. they are found in yellow, red, and in orange colour. they bloom in cool spring and dry summers.
SOMLATHA
it is the provincial flower of balochistan. they are evergreen shrubs that grow up to 1m and are found in desert regions.
WATER CROWFOOTS
they are aquatic plants with needle like leaves. they are found in yellow an white color. there habitat is pond and wet lands.
ANIMALS
wooly flying squirrel
it was thought to be extinct but was found in balochistan. it has thick and long fur which help it to fly. its cheek bones are unique. they live in conifer forests with cliffs and caves. they eat plant products such as pine needles.
MARKHOR
they live on dangerous and steep cliffs to stay safe from predators.
they change their colour in spring
HOUBARA BUSTARD
they are omnivores and eat insects and plants. they are white, black and brown in colour.

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8 yellow (Spring)
PETUNIA
.It blooms from December to may .It is closely related to deathly night shade ,tomatoes and cape goose berries .In folktales petunias are believed to chase away underworld demons and monsters .Most petunias are diploid with14 chromosomes .
RANUNCULUS
.It is a genus of about 500 species. The petals are highly lustrous .They bloom from feb to may .
PANSY
.It has 5 to 8 cm diameter and has two slightly overlapping  upper petals, two side petals with a slight beard emanating from the flowers center.
ANIMALS
RED FOX;
.It is included in the worlds 100 worst invasive species .Females are  called vixens and cubs are called kits .
HIMALAYAN BLACK BEAR
they are omnivorous and store up food in the spring. If food id scarce they eat livestock .
STRIPED HYENA
it is the smallest of the true hyenas species .they are fairly massive .they breed during the spring .

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Swat valley (where nature bestows, which is known for its breath-taking natural beauty and home to a variety of floea and fauna)
Effects of Spring:
Animals:
1. Markhor (capra falconeri)
☆grazing is maximum
☆defensive behaviour increases
☆do not breed amid this season
2. Musk Dear
☆reproduction takes place
☆defensive mechanism increases
☆in spring, they prefer to settle in mixedforests
3.Grey Francolin
☆breeding increases
☆april to september prime breeding months
4.Rheses monkey
(after a conscientious and a diligent search, i figure out that spring doesnot have a specific affect on it)
Plants:
1.Star Tulip (tulipa clusiana)
☆ flowers bloom; from early to mid-spring

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Swat valley🌲🌲 (where nature bestows, which is known for its breath-taking natural beauty and home to a variety of floea and fauna) is the subject for my presentation.
Effects of Spring on:
Animals: 🦌🐎🐅🐒
1. Markhor (capra falconeri)
☆grazing is maximum
☆defensive behaviour increases
☆do not breed amid this season
2. Musk Deer
☆reproduction takes place
☆defensive mechanism increases
☆in spring, they prefer to settle in mixedforests
3.Grey Francolin
☆breeding increases
☆april to september prime breeding months
4.Rhesus monkey
(after a conscientious and a diligent search, i figure out that spring doesnot have a specific affect on it)
Plants:🌹🌷🌻
1.Star Tulip (tulipa clusiana)
☆ flowers bloom; from early to mid-spring
2. Notholirion Thomsonianum (bulbous plant)
☆flowering in late spring
☆foliage grows in winters
☆leaves produced in autumn and winter
3. Swat spring flora(Gentiana frigida)
☆blossoming time; mid-summer , late summer and early fall
( also used in herbal medicine for fever,cancer etc.)

I hope the diligence and the true zeal put in to prepare this pieces of work would have expound the spring effect on the plants and animals of swat valley to you and would have vastened up the branches of your knowledge. 😊
thank you!

The following websites will further enhance your perception about the given topic:
http://www.wwfpak.org/species/Markhor.php
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musk_deer
https://worldoffloweringplants.com/tulipa-clusiana-lady-tulip/
https://wiki.kidzsearch.com/wiki/SWAT_team

The following flowshart designed by me, is to further comprehend the topic:

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The following video clip ellucidates the lush green valley of swat

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Don’t forget to watch this video.⬇️⬇️

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♥Thanks for watching!♥ If you like the video, give it a "thumbs up" and don't forget to subscribe! ****************************************************************** he hazel dormouse or common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a small mammal and the only living species in the genus Muscardinus.

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Summer
(Murree,Swat)
(Animal)👇🐑
Markhor:
_ in Swat.
_ also known as screw horn goat.
_ wild goat.
_ found in Northern areas of Pakistan.
_ spent summer at higher mountains.
_ live in flocks.
_ Markhor is a good climber of all the Asian areas.
_ Markhor eats grass,leaves and herbs.
(Plant)👇🌳
Daisy flowers:
_ in Murree.
_ grow at Murree hill sides.
_ little boys and sell the crowns made by daisy flowers.
_ slightly fragrant flowers.
_ wildly available in Murree.
_ found in hilly mountains of Nathia gali.
Thankyou 😊

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Summer

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Autumn In Kashmir, Plants and flowers :
1)when Autumn come In Kashmir the villagers collect saffron flowers at a field in pampore because of there bright colour and they are being grow since the much period which began in 16 century.
2)Chinar leaves turn In golden and yellowish colour.
3)Maple trees began to change In dusty shade of red.
Animals which are In Kashmir :
1)Hangul Is a animal which usually come in Autumn in Kashmir for looking for there food.
2)leopards come In Autumn for there food and come so then they can live there.

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Himalaya (Spring)
My selected place for this project is Himalaya,which is well known as the world's highest mountain range.Over the years the changing seasons have contributed a great deal to the rich biodiversity of Himalaya.
Animals:
1.Himalayan Tahr

As, spring approaches and the temperature rises Tahr loses its coat and becomes lighter in color. Its feet are also well adapted which makes Tahr an excellent climber with flexible and firm grip to the rocks and mountains. This helps Tahr to live on such a rocky and mountainous place.
2. Black Bear
As season and temperature change the habits of Black bear also gets changed,especially eating habits such as in spring they survive upon bamboos,
raspberry,hydrangea and others.
Black Bear also give birth to their young's in caves or hollow trees in early spring.They are however more active in summer and fall than in spring. Although they are active in spring but mainly during daytime or daylight.Moreover their nocturnal activities are in fall and they hibernate in winter.
3.Himalayan Monal
Habitat of this bird varies as the season changes in spring the high areas are still covered with snow so they prefer lower ranges.They live in groups and are observed together throughout the year. However their group size may vary, in spring they have smaller groups. Their breeding season is from April to August.
Plants:
1.Himalayan Maple

This plant stays green all winter.

Shoots are reddish bronze, and prefers humid climate especially along streams, at an elevation of about 600-2000m.

2. Deodar Cedar

Grow in altitudes as high as 10 000 feet.

Rather than its cultivation in spring its general cultivation is limited to areas with mild winters.

3. Blue Poppy

Queen of Himalayan flowers.

Found from mid July till August end.

Grow in clumps.

Prefers part shade and enjoys neutral to slightly, moist but well drained soil.

Deer and rabbit resistant.

Here are some pictures of the above described plants and animals in Himalaya:

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Aleeshba Faisal                         8 Yellow Himalayas (Spring):

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Aleeshba Faisal                         8 Yellow Himalayas (Spring):

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The Himalayas, are the longest and highest mountain range in the world.
Animals:
Himalayan Tahr: When Spring commence, the reddish-brown Himalayan tahr with a thick undercoat becomes  lighter in color .
It's dense, reddish-brown woolly coat becomes less dense in spring.
They can regulate their body temperature throughout the seasons.
Himalayan Bears:

There are two-bear species in the Himalayas. One of them is the Himalayan black bear and the second one is Himalayan brown bear(red bear).
Black Bear Migrate in Springs.
In Spring, they  becomes active and leaves den with young.
Snow leopards: Their fur is pale yellow or gray
Their paws and undersides are covered with snowy white fur.
Hence, snow leopards give birth to their cubs in Spring.
Plants:
Blue Flag Iris:
It produces new leaves; and underground roots spread
Lupin: It begins its growth in spring
forms new leaves; flower buds

Himalayan blue poppy: Blue Poppy (Meconopsis) creates a spectacular show in the late spring.
Poppies demand a rich well draining soil in an area of partial shade.

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>Pitcher Plants are alive in Winters but not actively grow.

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Just like other places,Gilgit has its own beauty in the season of Autumn. There are shedded leaves everywhere and the animals too have different properties during this enchanting season.
PLANTS
The Walnut Tree gets darker from the outside and the inside and also sometimes bear fruits.
Breckland Thyme is a usual plant in Autumn but it is rare in Gilgit.
The Granny's Bonnet in Autumn does not have some specific changes but it increases the beauty of Gilgit during Autumn.
ANIMALS
The Snow Leopard which usually stays at the peak of the mountains of Gilgit comes down for hunting its prey.
Markhor also the national animal of Pakistan is hunted as Autumn is considered as the hunting season by the hunters.
The Urial give birth to their young during Autumn which is also the mating season for other animals.

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SPRING                                                  spring provides the best weather and condition for animals in our latitudes to give birth and plants begin to grow.                                                       ANIMALS                                          1.DEER                                                   baby deer are tiny and when they are born in spring they might have trouble keeping warm .when it is getting warmer and food id plentiful 2.HOUSE SPARROWS house sparrows breed in spring and when summer begins daylengths become shorter the breeding parts of house sparrows quickly shut down . 3.SNAKES snakes come out from dens in the spring when the temperature start to increase They come out for reproduction and hibernation . PLANTS ANEMONE it is also known as windflower and leaves with leaf stem and its petals have bright colour .they blooms early in the spring . 2.TULIP tulips are very in shape in the form of simple cups and bowls and height range from

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Emaan.A.Mueed Stallions 8-Blue Chitral Autumn

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Emaan.A.Mueed Stallions 8-Blue Chitral Autumn

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Autumn is one of the four seasons. Chitral is a beautiful place of Pakistan.
ANIMALS
Deer eat acorns and brown oak leaves to strengthen their process of keeping their body temperatures warmer than normal.
Southern California black bears go into winter lethargy or denning.
Coyotes will be hungry, living in packs and raising their young.
PLANTS
Violet and hyacinth change to bright red and purple through pigment anthocyamin.
Carrot plants are orange because of carotene.
Bananas are yellow because of xantophyll. Hyacinth flower

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Please click on the following video to explore more about the wildlife of Himalaya.

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summer (balochistan)
plants:
1)

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autumn for plants and animals in Gilgit:
Aminals
1)IBEX
The Ibex has adapted to this and they have a large lung capacity that helps them take big breaths.
2)MARKHOR
The markhor is an endagered species of wild goat that is natively found in the mountainous regions of western and central and Asia.
3)MUSK DEER
musk deer weigh around 11 to 18 kg and are 86 to 100 cm in length. They are sandy brown in color, with slightly darker rumps and limbs.
plants:
1) Elaeagnus angustifolia :
Russian-olive is native to southern Europe and western Asia, but has been planted extensively throughout the U.S. as a windbreak, ornamental shrub, soil stabilizer, and wildlife attractant.
2) Hippophae rhamnoides  (Sea buck thorn ):
Juice from sea buckthorn berries is a common drink in many parts of Asia and Europe. The juice is very high in protein, vitamins C and E, and organic acids.
3)  Ephedra:
the slender leafless almost rush like streams of these make eph

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Plants:
1- Desert Plants
They might lose their pores and the water they restored in dry summer months.

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8 Blue(stallions)
Autumn in chitral

ANIMALS
Chitral Following are the three beautiful animals of chitral.

Markhors,

red fox ,

yellow throated Marten

Markhors:

They lives in flocks.They had their preys like leopards and golden eagle

Habitat :

They prefer arid cliff side.

Diet:

In autumn their diet is grass,leaves and other vegetation

Behaviour:

They are active at dawn and dusk .Males Markhors are solitary

Conservation Status:

They are classed by UIC

Reproduction:

Their is the fights of males Markhors where they enter to “rut” and fights for attention of females ;it involve horn locking and then twisting until male fells down

http://tune.pk/video/

2.Red fox:

Their color is usually reddish-orange or yellowish

Females red fox are  little smaller than males

They consume a lot  of grass and flesh of rabbits ,reptiles,mice etc.

Their food stashing:

It involves feeding

They stash away additional food for later use by burying it into grass.

In order to label this food they often to spray their urine over it

Strong senses :

Their senses of smell,vision and hearing are very much strong

They are capable of picking a plus for going after tiny creatures  to (their typical preys)

Fast running:

Red foxes has very much stamina with tiny stomach and lengthy limbs which enable it to pole through 30 miles per hour

http://www.arkive.org

3. Yellow throated Marten:

It is also known as kharza.

It is indicated by its geographical distribution and its atypical coloration.

It’s an omnivore with its food like fruits and nectars.

Yellow throated Marten is included in red list of threatened specie by IUCN .

Characteristics:

It has elongated thorax.

it is an diurnal animal which means that it hunts in day and night both.

It’s front paws and lower forelimbs are pure black while the upper parts above limbs the same color as the front of back .

Behaviour and ecology:

They lives on trees but hunts on land in day or in night both.

It can make jump up to 8 to 9 metersin  distance between branches.

As whole it is not considered as endangered species because they have no known predator.

Diet:

They are carnivores but they also eat fruits.

Their diet also consists of honey,insects,bird eggs and frogs.

http://www.thainationparks.com

Plants

Following are the trees which got changed by autumn in chitral

Butter cup

Azalea

Peony

1.Adaptations of butter cup in autumn:

This specie is adapted to wet meadow at the transition zone between dry up land meadow.

Status:

Collected in 1894.

It’s new species form in 1948.

From 1970s surveys could not locate any plant at original localities and it’s species gone extinct until 1982.

The it’s species was again became in 1989.

Habitat:

It was grazed historically by livestock until 1988(spence in 1996)

When population exist it became dominant specie in community including wiregrass.

http://thrillcall.com

Azalea:

They grew slowly and grew in well drained acidic soil.

It is a species from United States.

It is highly toxic.

It includes honey from its nectar.

It contains andromedotoxins both in leaves and nectar.

.In autumn it’s leaves left down and starting to grew again in next season

http://www.gardeningknowhow.com

Peony:

It is a flowering plant .

It species includes many herbaceous perennials plants.

This is the best ever plant according to beautiful view specially in autumn.

It cahanges it’s colours according to seasons like in autumn it appear before plucking of its leaves its white and after autumn when their is growth of new leaves they are purple

http://www.target.com

Thank you

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Autumn in Murree
Animals:
1)Squirrels collect nuts and seeds and bury them in scattered hiding places around the wood.
2)Bears go in hibernation.
3)Hedgehogs eat as much as they can to build body fats for winter.
Plants:
1)The honeysuckle leaves in autumn starts to fall.
2) Chestnut tree leaves starts to fall and destroy the home of the Birds.
3)quilegia columbine flowers grow fresh in autumn.

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Many plants and animals are affected by summer some are:
Plants:
1-Desert Plants
Deserts plants lose their pores and water they have restored for summer.
2-Sunflower
Summer is a really good season for sunflowers as sun helps grow sunflowers quickly.
3-Orchids
In summer Orchids dry much fast than in winter. Extra care is advised to make orchids grow properly.

Animals
1-Tiger
As Tigers eat other creatures, which drink water in summers or
those which contain chemicals in their bodies. They feed on something which contains toxins harmful fo them resulting weakness and diseases for tigers.
2- Lizards
Summer is proved a good season for them as it warms up lizards body as they are cold blooded creatures.
3-Bacteria
Summer heat makes bacteria and other insects or micro organisms to grow rapidly.

Most of the information found from:

https://sciencing.com/summer-affect-lives-plants-animals-5530947.html

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Spring: " Murree"
ANIMALS :
1.Rhesus monkey:They are not shy.They has a pink face and they are in brown or grey colour,which is bereft of fur.It's tail is of medium length.They are the best-known species.They are tree dwelling mammals.Some of them lives on trees but some on the ground.

2.Fox:It is a scavenger carnivores dog.It is a nocturnal mammal.Their minds are always active.The female gives birth to 5 cubs in a den and the beginning the male bring food to feed.

Leapords:They are not that much friendly and they can also harm humans.It have grey white fur with its dark and rosettes which helps them to camouflage.The dense fur grows extra k during the winter.Some Leapords can also hunt from trees,allowing them to blend with the leaves until they bloom in the spring.

PLANTS:
1.Lupin:It is a genus of flowering plants.They also grow in Lahore in our fall for spring flowering but flowers are small and stalks are never as tall.

2.Clematis:It is queen of flowering vine.This flower is usually found in hilly areas.It have a sweet fragrance. Spring the best season.

Iris:These flowers have a nice colour in spring.They are not wild.It is a garden flower.It is a genus of 260-300 species of flowering plants.
THANKYOU😊

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Nathia gali
Animals :-
●Hill leopards:-
are very dangerous and aggressive .
In summers they shifts there selfs to the higher slopes in mountains .
●Rhesus monkeys:-
are not shy but are usually found on the roads and nearby houses . They are having same lifestyle in summers too
●Wild boar :-
are insanely harmful and dangerous .
In summers they migrate themselves into a cooler places and are seen in minority .
Plants :-
■ Clematis :-
Summer flowering clematis may bloom in June and July
■Etoile Violette :-
Has an abudance of rich,deep purple flowers throughout the summers .
■Kingfisher :-
it blooms in May or June and in summers from July it is cut downed to be encouraged more .
Thankyou 😊

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Summer can affect the activites of plants and animals.
"PLANTS"
1-Sunflower
Sun helps sunflower to griw quickly.
2-Chinar
These flowers grow in summer and the color of its leaves change from dark-red to green.
3-Apricot tree
It is very useful for humans ang grows well in summer with good soil.
"ANIMALS"
1-Snow leopards
In summers the snow leopards may climb higher to cooler attitude.
2-Musk deer
Durring summer they can be found in mountain forest.
3-Lizards
Summer warms up lizards as they are cold blooded creatures.

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Saniyyah Imran ( 8 Blue house Lions) Autumn

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Saniyyah Imran ( 8 Blue house Lions) Autumn

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In Autumn plants shed their leaves and change their colour. Change in weather effect animals and plants.
* In Autumn Almonds trees ready nuts for the harvest, after they  are shaken off the trees and Squirrel goes to their nest and eat from acorns or nuts that they have placed in ground.
* In Autumn Cherry blossom shed their leaves off and Jackal stay in shelter in deep holes to save from slightly cold and in day time under shades.
* In Autumn Water lily stem and remaining flower will all go brown black and start to decay and Kashmir fly catcher migrates to Sirilanka and comes after winters.
Water Lily in Autumn

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Summer can affect the activities of plants and humans. "PLANTS"
1-Sunflower
Sun helps sunflower to grow quickly.
2-Chinar
These flowers grow in summer and the color of its leaves change from dark-red to green.
3-Apricot tree
Very useful for humans.It grows well in summer and good soil.
"ANIMALS"
1-Snow leopards
In summer the snow leopards may climb higher to cooler attitudes.
2-Musk deer
During summer they can be found in mountain forest.
3-Lizards
Summer warms up lizards as they are cold blooded creatures

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Himalaya[spring]
The Himalaya form a mountain  range in Asia.
Animals in himalaya:
.Himalayan gorals:
-They are medium sized herbivores and are the smallest of goat antelopes.They gave birth to the young ones in spring when vegetation is abundant
.Himalayan tahrs :
-tahrs are related to wild goats.young tahrs have a solid brown coat exept for the front of thier legs which are black.As temprature increases in spring coats become thinner and lighter in colour.
.Himalayan wolfs:
-Wolfs occupy homesites in areas also used for several lifestock heding during spring and summer in high alttitudes pasture lands.
Plants in himalaya"
.Himalayan blueberry plant:
.white flowers in spring
.In late spring and  early summer small maroon urn shaped accrons appears in pendent clusters ,followed by tiny purple-black berries
.Himalayan blue poppy:
.there is no flower quite as blue as this beauty.
.they are large silky cup shaped flower.
.plants will put up sky blue blooms from may to july .
Deodar cedar:
.It have dropping branches
.Deodar spailings are planted in spring.

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lMost plants and animals live in the specific climate conditions such as rainfall and temperature patterns that enable them to survive .Any change in the climate of an area can greatly effect the plants and animals living there.
-SUMMER
-----Animals------
1-HUMPBACK WHALES
Humpback whales, part of the baleen family, head to the cool waters off of the Atlantic Coast in the summer to feed.
2-Bottlenose dolphins
These social creatures enjoy a dive into the waves.make their way towards the Garden State in the summer, usually swim up from the Carolina’s where they winter in order to feed and give birth.

3-Harbor Seal
Harbor seals are found in coastal waters and they spend most of their time in water ... swimming and enjoying .
----Plants---
1-APRICOT TREE
They are useful for

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(SPRING)
Animals
1)

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Himalayas (Summers)
>>Animals:
1. Hill leopards
Warming temperatures could  cause farmers to plant crops and graze livestock at higher altitudes, squeezing the snow leopards into smaller ranges.
2. Wild Goats
wild goats, grazing on the green tufts of grass that come up in the alpine meadows soon after the melting of the snows.
3. Black Bears
During the summer, Himalayan black bears can be found in warmer areas in Nepal, China, Russia, and Tibet at altitudes of 10,000 to 12,000 feet up near the timberline.

>>Plants

Himalayan melt water represents 75% of the river water. Massive implications are expected such as lack of freshwater for major agricultural regions; power scarcity as hydro-power plants depend on Himalyan water runoff; water shortage for daily consumption. In the case of Ganga river, the loss of glacier melt water would reduce July-September flows by two thirds and affect 500 million people and 37% of India's irrigated land.