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~ Academies were more secular and practical in their curriculum and were open to girls.
~ They were broken down into a number of smaller units that the trustees called "schools" and students were enrolled in one school at a time: the English School, Mathematics School or Latin School.

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~ Penn’s desire was for a public school to prepare children to be active, moral citizens for a participatory democracy.
~ Religious voluntary associations put effort to bring basic education to the disadvantage using charter schools. Some even aimed to enroll the children of black freedmen.

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~ English Grammar Schools were secondary schools that offered an academic course in preparation for university entrance and for the professions.
~ The curriculum was dominated by Greek and Latin and over the centuries, some of these schools evolved into the sort of fee-paying public schools that flourished in the 19th century.

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~ Secular Education is a system of public education in countries with a separation between religion and state.
~ It is a conscious decision to
discard anything unseen and empirically unknowable, including
deeply held religious beliefs, as  unimportant.

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~ Education was seen as the tool that would establish and promote the growth of concepts such as freedom, liberty, and democracy to insure that citizens would learn how to be responsible citizens.
~ Public schools rapidly became established and the U.S. population boasted one of the highest literacy rates at the time.

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~ They were large feathers with tips that were sharpened to a point and then dipped into ink to write.
~ Students would complete schoolwork and practice penmanship with quills, and when the tips broke, students would sharpen the quills with a "pen knife."

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~ These tools were similar to larger blackboards but were small enough to be handheld by students.
~ Slates were sturdier because they were in a wooden frame. Students wrote on their slate by scratching it with a slate pencil, but was eventually replaced with chalk.

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~  In 1943, Bible readings were authorized by the Council of Public Instruction.
~ In 1944, the Public School Act is duly amended to read: “All public schools...shall be opened by the reading, without explanation or comment, of a passage of scripture....to be followed by the recitation of the Lord’s Prayer.”