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Introduction: Permaculture activist Geoff Lawton worked with the local population to turn 10 acres of arid, completely salty Jordanian desert into a lush productive garden with dark topsoil. Temperature there in August can reach 50 degrees celsius.While funding for the project eventually ran out, a follow up to Greening the Desert showed how effectively the gardens generated fertile soil, even without much human input.

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Methods&Scientific Explanations:
Water availability- through saving, reuse and rainwater harvesting.
Water distribution- Water can be distributed using dug canals. The tree's roots can then suck the water straight from the water pipe.
Planting of trees- pioneer desert trees&palms. Trees store water, raise water from underlying aquifers, reduce evaporation after a rain, attract animals (and thereby fertility through feces), and they can cause more rain to fall (by temperature reduction and other effects), if the planted area is large enough.

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These two projects all work environmental miracles - planting green trees in salted desert. Desert is the type of biome which has harsh ecological environment for any plants to grow. However, Geoff Lawton along with the scientists who aim to afforest the Egyptian desert use scientific methods to turn salted land into productive forests, which largely make the local ecosystem services more sustainable and facilitate people's lives. Furthermore, their success set examples for other countries in desert landscapes and encourage more people to join in "greening the desert" mission. By afforesting desert regions in the earth, people will find new ways to solve the current global problems associated with the lack of resources and energy.

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1.      Climate: no winter interrupt the growth of plants (intense sunlight) 4 times faster growing than Germany. many nutrients in the wasted water.

2.      Local fast-growing species eucalyptus

3.      Water pumped to the trees

4.      Water comes from nearby sewage treatment plan contains nitrates(perfect fertilizer for tree)

5.      The concentration of heavy metals is low (water isn’t clean enough for irrigation system but is possessed of nutrients )

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Egypt: The amazing forest in the desert continued

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Egypt: The amazing forest in the desert continued

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6.    Egypt forests cover: Less than 0.1% is wooded, while forests provide ecological functions such as carbon storage, nutrient cycling, water and air purification, etc.

7.      Supplying the rapid-growing population with water. Desert forests is a new way to save water.

8.      An economic power house-Planting valuable trees

9.      Exemplary project for other regions

10.   More than 500,000 hectares could be planted with these desert forests.