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an animal that feeds on plants.

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A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. ... It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.

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Ecological extinction is defined as "the reduction of a species to such low abundance that, although it is still present in the community, it no longer interacts significantly with other species".

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Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that straddles biology, geography, and Earth science.

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a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

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Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition. Like herbivores and predators, decomposers are heterotrophic, meaning that they use organic substrates to get their energy, carbon and nutrients for growth and development.

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Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

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Consumers are organisms of an ecological food chain that receive energy by consuming other organisms. These organisms are formally referred to as heterotrophs, which include animals, some bacteria and fungi. Such organisms may consume by various means, including herbivory, predation, parasitization, and biodegradation.

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Limited supply of at least one resource (such as food, water, and territory) used by both can be a factor. Competition both within and between species is an important topic in ecology, especially community ecology. Competition is one of many interacting biotic and abiotic factors that affect community structure.

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Community ecology or synecology is the study of the interactions between species in communities on many spatial and temporal scales, including the distribution, structure, abundance, demography, and interactions between coexisting populations.

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an animal that feeds on flesh.

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Associated with or derived from living organisms. The biotic factors in an environment include the organisms themselves as well as such items as predation, competition for food resources, and symbiotic relationships. Compare abiotic.

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the action or process of adapting or being adapted.

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a nonliving condition or thing, as climate or habitat, that influences or affects an ecosystem and the organisms in it: Abiotic factors can determine which species of organisms will survive in a given environment.