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Gene editing can now change an entire species -- forever | Jennifer Kahn

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CRISPR gene drives allow scientists to change sequences of DNA and guarantee that the resulting edited genetic trait is inherited by future generations, opening up the possibility of altering entire species forever. More than anything, this technology has led to questions: How will this new power affect humanity?

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Germline genetic modification is a form of genetic engineering which involves changing genes in eggs, sperm, or very early embryos. This type of engineering is inheritable, meaning that the modified genes would appear not only in any children that resulted from the procedure but in all succeeding generations.

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CRISPR-Cas9 can be programmed to target specific stretches of the genetic code and to edit DNA at precise locations, as well as for other purposes, such as for new diagnostic tools. With these systems, researchers can permanently modify genes in living cells and organisms and, in the future, may make it possible to correct mutations at precise locations in the human genome in order to treat genetic causes of disease.

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Feng Zhang explains CRISPR, by STAT (Statnews.com)

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Three Parent In Vitro Fertilization (TPIVF) is the process by which the nucleus of one egg is inserted into the cytoplasm of another egg which has had its nucleus removed but still contains mitochondrial DNA. The hybrid egg is then fertilized with a sperm. When looked at there are three identifiable genetic parents.

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- Termination of embryos
- Baby has no choice in matter
- Loss of individuality
- Could create a gap in society
- Possibility of damage to the gene pool
- Expensive

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- Reduces risk of genetic diseases
- Reduces risk of inherited medical conditions
- Increased life span
- Can give traits parents do not carry
- Prevent next generation of family from getting characteristics/diseases

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The term “designer baby” refers to a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected with genetic engineering combined with in vitro fertilization to ensure the presence or absence of particular genes or characteristics.