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Now for example you have a mixture of compound 1 (benzene) and compound 3 (Aniline) and you would like to purify benzene rather than aniline. In this situation, you can take the physical and chemical properties of benzene into the account and isolate it from the mixture.

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1. Functional Group, for example, phenol has –OH where as aniline has NH2.

2. Reactivity towards other reagent to form complex

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1. Molecular weight

2. Boiling point (in case both are liquid, as in this case)

3. Freezing point

4. Crystallization

5. Solubility

6. Density

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Chromatography

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Chromatography may be preparative or analytical. The purpose of preparative chromatography is to separate the components of a mixture for later use, and is thus a form of purification. Analytical chromatography is done normally with smaller amounts of material and is for establishing the presence or measuring the relative proportions of analytes in a mixture. The two are not mutually exclusive.

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Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. The separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Subtle differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus affect the separation.[