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Gender roles: Our expectations about the way men and woman should behave.
- Culture's shaping power in the social expectations that guide men's and woman's behavior.
-Examples: Men initiate dates, drive the car and woman to decorate the home, taking care of their children.
-Gender-role diversity overtime indicates that culture has a big influence.
-In agricultural societies, where woman work in the fields close to home and men roam more freely herding livestock, children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles.
- Gender ideas vary across generations. When families emigrate to other places, their children tend to grow up with peers from a new culture.
- The social category of male/female is our sense of being male or female and exhibiting traditional masculine traits and interests or becoming distinctly feminine.
- Children learn gender-linked behaviors by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.

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Definition: The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.

Own Words: We learn socially by observing our surroundings and what we get or do not get from our actions.

Apply: The only way we become social is by watching others and following those footsteps.

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Definition: he acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Own Words: Is the process by which a child becomes aware of their gender and thus behaves accordingly by adopting values and attributes of members of the sex that they identify as their own.

Apply: Knowing the type of human you are and following the guidelines set for you in that gender.

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Definition: Our sense of being male or female.

Own Words: The way that we define yourself; male or female.

Apply: Knowing the identity of yourself or how you see yourself.

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Definition: A set of expected behaviors for males or for females.

Own Words: Certain behavior expectations set on your gender, male or female.

Apply: Separating behaviors to a certain gender, women are more emotional than men.

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Definition: A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Own Words: is a perspective that considers most of everyday activity to be the acting out of socially defined categories.

Apply: The way someone is expected to act, a student has guidelines to follow and has a role as a student.

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Definition: The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Own Words: A sex hormone produced by the testes that encourages the development of male sexual characteristics. Which could be in both men and women.

Apply: Test on males to help improve development, but do not forget that is in females too.

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Definition: The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.

Own Words:  A sex chromosome that is only in males.

Apply: Y is it only in men?

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Genetics form our gender by our differing sex chromosomes.
- Genes activate your biological sex, which is determined by your twenty-third pair of chromosomes, the two sex chromosomes.
- You receive a X chromosome from your mom and from your father you receive one chromosome out of 46 that is not a unisex, either X making you a girl or a Y making you a boy.
- Y chromosome triggers the testes to develop and produce the principle male hormone, testosterone.
- Different patterns for males and females develop under the influence of the male's greater testosterone and the female's ovarian hormones.
- Parts of the frontal lobes are thicker in woman. Part of the parental cortex is thicker in men.
- In combination with the environment, sex-related genes and physiology result in behavioral and cognitive differences between makes and females.

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1. Although it may not appear like it, human males and females are more alike than different, thanks to their similar genetic makeup. There biggest differences are in social aspects.
2.  Gender refers to the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female. Biological and social details shape gender.
3.  Gender roles, vary with culture, across place and time. We learn gender identity as we learn other things, as social learning theory proposes.

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Temperament and social differences between men and women:

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Temperament and social differences between men and women:

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- Aggression: Men are more aggressive than women; but, this only applies to physically aggressive behaviors. The gender gap in physical aggression appears in everyday life at various ages and in various cultures, especially those with gender inequality
- Social power:  In most societies men are socially dominant; they are perceived as more dominant, forceful, and independent, while women as more deferential, nurturant, and affiliative.  When people interact, men are more likely to utter opinions, women to express support.
- Social connectedness:  Females tend to differ from males both in being less concerned with viewing themselves as separate individuals and in being more concerned with “making connections.” We can see this in young children, female play is more intimate and less competitive.
Females are more interdependent than males; it is easier to feel connected to a female than a male. Men value freedom and self-reliance.

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How do nature and nurture together form our gender?

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How do nature and nurture together form our gender?

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Definition: The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
Own Words: The X Chromosome is a sex chromosome that both males and females have, females having 2.
Apply: Double X is female, single X is male.

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Definition: Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.
Own Words: A violent behavior or attitude towards someone.
Apply: Men tend to be more aggressive than women.

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Biological differences between men and women:

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Biological differences between men and women:

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-They differ in size: body fat, muscle, and height.
- Different times of development & life stages: the age of onset of puberty, and life expectancy.
- Men and women have different vulnerability levels to certain disorders: Women more so in depression, anxiety, and eating disorders; while men are more susceptible to commit suicide, be dependent on alcohol, autism, color-blindness,  attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (as children), and antisocial personality disorder (as adults).

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- Gender has no affect upon vocabulary, intelligence, happiness, or the mechanisms by which you see, hear,  learn, or remember.
- 46 out of 45 chromosomes are unisex.

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What are some ways in which males and females tend to be alike and to differ?

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What are some ways in which males and females tend to be alike and to differ?