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Years in Office: April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797
Date of Birth: February 22, 1732
Date of Death: December 14, 1799
Political Party: He had NO political party

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1. George Washington set the 2 term tradition, which was later broken by FDR in 1940.
2. He chose his First Cabinet advisers to have regular meetings, which included: Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph.

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George Washington - The Whiskey Rebellion

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George Washington - The Whiskey Rebellion

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1. In January 1791, G. Washington's Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed an excise tax on whiskey.
2. Western farmers felt that the tax was an abuse of federal authority wrongly targeting a demographic that relied on crops such as corn, rye, and grain to earn a profit.

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George Washington - Judiciary Act of 1789

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George Washington - Judiciary Act of 1789

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1. George Washington signed a bill to establish the Judicial Courts of the United States on September 24, 1789.
2. That same day he nominated the first Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court as well as district judges, United States Attorneys, and United States Marshals.

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Years in Office: March 4,1797 - March 4, 1801
Date of Birth: October 30, 1735
Date of Death: July 4, 1826
Political Party: Federalist Party

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John Adams - The Alien and Sedition Acts

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John Adams - The Alien and Sedition Acts

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1. The Alien Act allowed the president to deport "dangerous" foreigners.
2. The Sedition Act allowed anyone that criticized the government to be imprisoned.

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1. Since Jay's Treaty improved the US-British relations, France got angry because Britain was an old enemy.
2. France, interpreting Jay's Treaty as a newly formed alliance between the US and an old enemy, retaliating by ordering the seizure of American ships carrying British goods. This led to the XYZ Affair.

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1. In 1797, President John Adams convinced John Marshall to serve as an envoy to France, where he became involved in the difficult so-called XYZ Affair. Upon returning, Adams offered him a seat on the Supreme Court. Marshall declined the offer and chose instead to run for and was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives (1799). On May 12,1800, Adams nominated Marshall to the post of Secretary of State. He was confirmed unanimously by the Senate the next day.
2. On January 20, 1801, Adams nominated Marshall to be Chief Justice of the United States, and the Senate confirmed the nomination unanimously on January 27. John Marshall was sworn in on February 4, 1801.

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Years in Office: March 4, 1801 - March 4,1809
Date of Birth: April 13,1742
Date of Death: July 4, 1826
Political Party: Democratic-Republican Party

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1. The Louisiana Purchase was bought from France in 1803 and it cost $15 million because it was from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains (3 cents an acre).
2. Lewis and Clark led the expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Also, Sacajawea, an American women, served as their guide.

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1. This election was the FIRST and LAST time in US history for a President to run against his Vice President for President.
2. Jefferson hired a hatchet man named James Callendar to do his smearing (damaging Adams' reputation by false accusations) for him. After winning the election, Jefferson paid a price for his dirty campaign tactics. Callendar served jail time for the slander he wrote about Adams, and when he emerged from prison in 1801, he felt Jefferson still owed him. After Jefferson did little to appease him, Callendar broke a story in 1802 that had only been a rumor until then—that the President was having an affair with one of his slaves, Sally Hemings.

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Thomas Jefferson - Drafting the Declaration of Independence

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Thomas Jefferson - Drafting the Declaration of Independence

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1. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed a "Committee of Five", including Jefferson, to draft a declaration.
2. At first, Jefferson had no interest in penning (writing) the declaration. He wanted John Adams to do it instead.

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Years in Office: March 4, 1797 - March 4, 1817
Date of Birth: March 16, 1751
Date of Death: June 28, 1836
Political Party: Democratic-Republican Party

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1. American sailors were impressed by British navy.
2. About 10,000 US citizens were impressed (captured from ships).

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1. Young, energetic politicians, mostly from the South and the West and known as War Hawks, initiated legislation designed to steer the United States towards war.
2. Led by Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Felix Grundy, the War Hawks' opponents cynically blamed the War of 1812 on "James Madison, Felix Grundy, and the Devil."

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1. Most Western and Southern congressmen supported war, while Federalists (especially New Englanders who relied heavily on trade with Britain) accused war advocates of using the excuse of maritime rights to promote their expansionist agenda.
2. On August 16, 1812, the United States suffered a humiliating defeat after Brock and Tecumseh’s forces chased those led by Michigan William Hull across the Canadian border, scaring Hull into surrendering Detroit without any shots fired.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Years in Office: March 4, 1817 - March 4, 1825
Date of Birth: April 28, 1758
Date of Death: July 4, 1831
Political Party: Democratic-Republican Party

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1. The Acquisition gave Mississippi and Alabama outlet to the Gulf of Mexico.
2. It was provoked by Indian skirmishes and migration of American settlers to area.

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1. The Doctrine warned European Powers not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
2. The United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

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1. Monroe ran for president again and became the first US president to have his ceremony outdoors.
2. The US had a new sense of confidence from its various victories during the War of 1812 and was growing quickly and offering new opportunities to its citizens.