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Give a detailed summary of two Cold War Events.

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Give a detailed summary of two Cold War Events.

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The Cuban Crises

Kennedy’s greatest Cold War challenge came in Cuba. Hoping to topple Cuba’s new Communist leader, Fidel Castro, Kennedy authorized the CIA to train and arm a force of more than 1,000 Cuban exiles and sent them to invade Cuba in the spring of 1961. Outraged, Castro turned to the USSR for economic aid and protection. Khrushchev capitalized on the opportunity and placed several nuclear missiles in Cuba. Kennedy consequently blockaded the island nation, pushing the United States and the USSR to the brink of nuclear war. Khrushchev ended the terrifying Cuban missile crisis when he agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for an end to the blockade. Kennedy also removed American missiles from Turkey and agreed to work on reducing Cold War tensions.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

President John F. Kennedy’s failed plan to invade Cuba and leader Fidel Castro with an army of CIA-trained Cuban exiles in 1961. Although Kennedy had originally intended to use the U.S. Air Force to help the exiled Cubans retake the island, he unexpectedly withdrew support shortly before the operation started. As a result, the invasion failed. Actually consolidated Castro’s power, and pushed Cuba into signing a treaty with the Soviet Union.

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Explain the positive and negative effects of a U.S. action during the cold war.

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Explain the positive and negative effects of a U.S. action during the cold war.

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1. Give and event that the U.S. was involved in and list the positive and negative outcomes it produced.

Positive: Economically, enormous growth spurred by industries related to war was aided by heavy government expansion. However, New Deal economics felt the greatest impact of the Cold War.  The United States was unwilling to commit military forces to remove the Soviets so Eastern Europe fell under control of the Soviets for the next 45 years. U.S. formed formal alliances with Western Europe with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and in response the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact with its Eastern European allies.

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  Know about the fall of the Soviet Union.

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  Know about the fall of the Soviet Union.

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1. Glasnost- Glasnost allowed for freedom of expression and the loosening of controls on radio, press, the film industry and television quickly paved the way for public opinion to slip beyond Gorbachev’s grasp

2. Perestroika-   Perestroika or economic restructuring allowed citizens to set up privately owned businesses, which are the foundation of a capitalist economy. Workers were now rewarded for efficiency in factories, also a capitalist reform.  This made the economy more efficient.

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 When did East and West Germany finally reunify?

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 When did East and West Germany finally reunify?

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1.  What event led to the reunification?-  In 1989, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev started to open the Soviet Union to the west. Many of the communist countries followed his example, opening the door into freedom for their citizens.During the following 11 month, it was negotiated between East and West Germany, France, Great Britain, The US and The Soviet Union, and the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany was signed which opened the way towards reunification.

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Know about President Nixon’s contributions to the Cold War.

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Know about President Nixon’s contributions to the Cold War.

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1. What is detente? Détente (a French word meaning release from tension) is the name given to a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began tentatively in 1971.

2. What is Ping-Pong Diplomacy? refers to the exchange of table tennis (ping-pong) players between the United States and People's Republic of China (PRC) in the early 1970s. The United States welcomed the opportunity; President Richard M. Nixon had written: "We simply cannot afford to leave China outside the family of nations."

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Know about Proxy Wars (dates, course of events, significance, involved parties, how did they end...)

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Know about Proxy Wars (dates, course of events, significance, involved parties, how did they end...)

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1.  Vietnam- Vietnam War is a typical proxy war during the Cold War under the influence of the U.S., Soviet Union and, to a large extent, China.
President Kennedy who thought Vietnam was the place to restore U.S. “credibility”.

2. Korea- . Proxy wars were characterized by the overlay of domestic friction, such as that between North and South Korea, with the worldwide contest between the USA and the USSR.The two superpowers supported their allies and client states with financial aid, military technology and training.

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1. How did it affect the Soviet Union and America.- The Space Race between the United States and Soviet Russia was one of the greatest rivalries of the 20th century. The ultimate goal of both countries was to put a man on the Moon,  which the U.S. successfully did on July 20th, 1969

2. Who won the space race?- By landing on the moon, the United States effectively “won” the space race that had begun with Sputnik’s launch in 1957

3. What events were important during the space race?- Launch of Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite. Launch of Explorer , the United States stepped up in its efforts to launch its own artificial satellite. Launch of Vostok 1, Vostok 1 was the greatest Soviet triumph in the Space Race. Apollo 11 Moon Landing.

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 Know about Soviet Involvement in the Cold War.

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 Know about Soviet Involvement in the Cold War.

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1.  Iron Curtain-  The notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.

2.  What did Stalin say about free elections after WWII?- Stalin also agreed to permit free elections in Eastern Europe and to enter the Asian war against Japan. In turn, he was promised the return of lands lost to Japan in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

3.  Warsaw Pact- The Soviet Union and seven of its European satellites sign a treaty establishing the Warsaw Pact, a mutual defense organization that put the Soviets in command of the armed forces of the member states.

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 Know about U.S. involvement in the Cold War.

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 Know about U.S. involvement in the Cold War.

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1. NATO-  In 1949, the prospect of further Communist expansion prompted the United States and 11 other Western nations to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

2. Truman Doctrine-  President Harry S. Truman asks for U.S. assistance for Greece and Turkey to forestall communist domination of the two nations. Truman’s address, which came to be known as the Truman Doctrine, as the official declaration of the Cold War.

3.  Marshall Plan-The Marshall Plan successfully sparked economic recovery, meeting its objective of ‘restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole.’ The plan is named after George C. Marshall.

4. Cuban Missile Crisis- During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores.

5. Containment- Containment was a United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

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The February 1945 Yalta Conference was the second wartime meeting

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The three leaders agreed to demand Germany’s unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world.

Stalin also agreed to permit free elections in Eastern Europe and to enter the Asian war against Japan