# data[].attributes.body
volleyball is m favorite sport, and i love playing it. the science behind volleyball includes Forces, acceleration,  gravity, and projectile motion.

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When we spin the rifle in circles (not in the air) and when we throw it up in the air, it shows Kinetic Energy because its moving. It experiences with Static Energy when its a rest in your hands. In Colorguard we throw rifles, sabers, and flags.
When we throw one of these things up in the air,
it experiences Potential Energy.

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direct link
November 16, 2017 - Mussels could help keep dirty water from fouling streams and rivers.

Articles related to this podcast:
Cleaning up aquatic pollution with mussels.
The Fight against Carcinogens Heats Up - Episode 840 direct link
November 15, 2017 - Firefighting increases exposure to carcinogens.

Articles related to this podcast:
Battling flames increases firefighters' exposure to carcinogens.
Viruses That Can Kill Bacteria - Episode 839 direct link
November 13, 2017 - Viruses embedded in new 'sugar-glass' coating could help kill bacteria found in food.

Articles related to this podcast:
New 'sugar-glass' film uses viruses to protect food from harmful bacteria.
Sperm Wars - Episode 838 direct link
November 09, 2017 - 'Star Wars' parody inadvertently produces something scientifically useful.

Articles related to this podcast:
How a 'Star Wars' parody turned into a tool for discovery.
Stop and Smell the Guano: How Fertilizers Saved the World - Episode 837 direct link
November 08, 2017 - A little more than a hundred years ago, the world's fast-growing population was outstripping humanity's ability to feed itself. Mass starvation was only averted when a pair of brilliant German scientists developed a new chemical process to snatch nitrogen gas from the air and use it to make modern fertilizers. As science writer Thomas Hager explains in this episode of Science Elements, it's a story of wars, greed, bird droppings and a discovery that continues to dramatically shape our lives today.
Music: "Wash Out" by Broke for Free, licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY 3.0.

New Discoveries on Nicotine - Episode 836 direct link
November 06, 2017 - Gender and gut differences could influence nicotine's hold.

Articles related to this podcast:
Nicotine's hold: What the gut and gender have to do with it

New 'Popular' Energy-Storage Method - Episode 835 direct link
November 02, 2017 - Burned popcorn inspires quest for new energy-storage material.

Articles related to this podcast: A 'Sticky' Situation Between Personal Care Products - Episode 834 direct link
November 01, 2017 - A compound banned in soaps products, sticks around.
Articles related to this podcast: Triclosan accumulates in toothbrushes, potentially prolonging users' exposure 'New Hope' in Fighting Blood Cancers - Episode 833 direct link
October 30, 2017 - Discovery offers clues to overcoming drug-resistance in blood cancers.
Articles related to this podcast: Insights from a rare genetic disease may help treat multiple myeloma New Surprises for Genes in Bacteria - Episode 832 direct link
October 26, 2017 - Scientists detect a surprising source for antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria.
Articles related to this podcast: Fish food for marine farms harbor antibiotic resistance genes Hotter Than the Dickens: A Tale of Spontaneous Combustion - Episode 831 direct link
October 25, 2017 - In this Halloween feature episode, learn how a Dickens novel ignited a Victorian chemical controversy.
The 'Champagne' of Beef - Episode 830 direct link
October 23, 2017 - Researchers unmask key odorants in the 'champagne' of beef.
Articles related to this podcast: Key odorants in world's most expensive beef could help explain its allure How to Detect Fake Fish - Episode 829 direct link
October 19, 2017 - Protein database could help detect 'fake' fish.
Articles related to this podcast: Fish database could help eliminate the ultimate bait and switch New Cancer Treatment Thanks To Chinese Ink - Episode 828 direct link
October 18, 2017 - Ancient Chinese ink could lead to new types of cancer treatment.
Articles related to this podcast: Ancient ink for cancer treatment New Solution for Less Pollution - Episode 827 direct link
October 16, 2017 - New leather manufacturing process produces less pollution.
Articles related to this podcast: Reducing leather pollution with molten salts Episode 826 - What the Odor of Sleep Smells Like direct link
October 12, 2017 - Scientists explore how smells influence quality of sleep.
Articles related to this podcast: The future of sleep Episode 825 - Why your body doesn't need detox products direct link
October 11, 2017 - We spoke to Dr. Raychelle Burks, to discuss the detoxing health craze. This episode is first in a series of feature stories produced by Science Elements. Send your feedback to elements@acs.org. Music: "Petal" by Broke for Free (https://soundcloud.com/broke-for-free), used under CC BY 3.0.
Episode 824 - 'Better' Sustainable Process for Biofuel direct link
October 09, 2017 - Sustainable process transforms olive mill wastewater into biofuel.
Articles related to this podcast: Olive-mill wastewater transformed from pollutant to bio-fertilizer, biofuel Episode 823 - Chemists Stand Up for Human Rights direct link
October 05, 2017 - Chemists speak out against sexual harassment.
Articles related to this podcast: Confronting sexual harassment Episode 822 - New Discovery in Smokers & Nonsmokers direct link
October 04, 2017 - Metabolic changes in smokers who have recently quit begin to match those of nonsmokers.
Articles related to this podcast: Smokers who quit have metabolite levels that resemble those of nonsmokers Episode 821 - Measuring Drug use with Mobile Devices direct link
October 02, 2017 - research team is coupling data from cell phones and sewage to help refine what we know about drug use patterns.
Articles related to this podcast: Use of mobile device data to better estimate drug use Episode 820 - Drugs in streams come from multiple sources direct link
September 28, 2017 - Pharmaceuticals in surface water such as lakes and streams are a growing concern. Scientists are figuring out where they're coming from.
Articles related to this podcast: Metformin and Other Pharmaceuticals Widespread in Wadeable Streams of the Southeastern United States Episode 819 - Fertilizer from pollen could help feed the world direct link
Scientists in China have made a low-cost, biocompatible fertilizer with carbon dots derived from rapeseed pollen.
Articles related to this podcast: Carbon dots from pollen boost growth of hydroponically cultivated lettuce Episode 818 - Making 3-D printers safer direct link
Researchers in South Korea say that they have discovered a way to eliminate almost all nanoparticle emissions from some 3-D printers.
Articles available for this podcast: Controlling nanoparticle emissions during 3-D printing Episode 817 - Accidental discovery leads to longer lasting ice cream direct link
An ice-cream additive can slow down the melting process so that the first drips don't appear for five minutes, even on a hot and sunny day.
Articles available for this podcast: Episode 816 - Scienitsts close in on more rigorous test for 'date rape' drug direct link
Scientists identify a potential biomarker for detecting GHB several hours after its used.
Articles available for this podcast: Improving detection of a 'date rape' drug Episode 815 - Scientists embed food allergen detector into keychain direct link
Researchers report the development of a new portable allergen-detection system - including a keychain analyzer - that could help prevent trips to the emergency room.
Articles available for this podcast: Keychain detector could catch food allergens before it's too late Episode 814 - Recycled human waste, nutrients could help astronauts reach for the stars direct link
Sept. 14, 2017 - Turning astronauts' waste into fuel and nutrients could enable long-distance spaceflight
Articles available for this podcast: Recycling astronaut waste aboard shuttles Episode 813 - World's tiniest 'monster truck' reveals surprising discovery direct link
Sept. 13, 2017 - What the world's tiniest monster truck reveals
Articles available for this podcast: A nano "monster truck" leads to unexpected new find
Episode 812 - Sweet concoction fatally attracts mosquitoes

direct link
Sept. 11, 2017 - Mosquitoes fatally attracted to deadly, sweet-smelling potion
Articles available for this podcast: A sweeter way to eliminate mosquitoes
Episode 811 - The New Toy for Scientists

August 17, 2017 - A new spin on a popular toy could have scientific implications.

Episode 810 - Why 'winging it' is Tough for Cicadas

August 16, 2017 - Why cicadas have a hard time 'winging it'.

Episode 809 - A Sound way to get Rechargeable Energy

August 14, 2017 - Ambient energy could reduce our dependence on batteries.

Episode 808 - Why Do Onions Make Us Cry?

August 10, 2017 - Researchers shed no tears in effort to find out why onions make us cry. How can we improve Science Elements? Complete our survey and you'll be entered to win a $25 Visa gift card. Visit http://bit.ly/acselements and send us your feedback.

Episode 807 - No More Sensitive Teeth

August 09, 2017 - New materials could put an end to sensitive teeth.

Episode 806 - New Notions about E-cigarettes

August 07, 2017 - Scientists evaporate notions about e-cigarettes.

Episode 805 - Making Hair Fragrances Last Longer

August 03, 2017 - Scientists seek to make hair shampoo fragrances last longer. We'd like to hear from you. How can we improve Science Elements? Complete our survey and you'll be entered to win a $25 Visa gift card. Visit http://bit.ly/acselements and send us your feedback.

Episode 804 - A New Way to Diagnose Prenatal Conditions

August 02, 2017 - Microchips could eventually help diagnose prenatal conditions.

Episode 803 - PCBs Levels in Air Raises School Concerns

July 31, 2017 - Study finds 'concerning' levels of PCBs in indoor school air.

Episode 802 - Cerulean Blue, the 'New' Color of Wine

July 27, 2017 - Blue booze gets a boost.

Episode 801 - New Evidence in House Dust and Fat Cells

July 26, 2017 - New evidence suggests house dust could promote growth of fat cells.

Episode 800 - Limitless Power for Toys of the Future

July 24, 2017 - Scientists close in on a way to power Smart toys without batteries.

Episode 799 - Van Gogh's Blackest Black

July 20, 2017 - A new contender takes on the challenge making the blackest black paint pigment.

Episode 798 - Weeding out Stinky Wines

July 19, 2017 - New odor-detecting device weeds out stinky wines.

Episode 797 - Improved bomb-sniffing dogs

July 17, 2017 - New training technique could improve performance of bomb-sniffing dogs.

Episode 796 - Fighting Back Against Cancer

July 13, 2017 - Scientists find new way to break cancer's defenses.

Episode 795 - Stopping the Next Flu Pandemic from Happening

July 12, 2017 - New rapid diagnostic test could help prevent next flu pandemic.

Episode 794 - A Colorful Revolution Sparked by the Beetles

July 10, 2017 - Beetles inspire the development of minuscule color-shifting particles.

Episode 793 - Spending Summer Camp with Bacon lovers

June 29, 2017 - Bacon lovers go hog wild at unusual summer camp.

Episode 792 - New Food Menu for Polar Bears

June 28, 2017 - Climate change is altering polar bear diets.

Episode 791 - Three Cheers for Gluten-free Beer

June 26, 2017 - Scientist hop to it to find grain for gluten-free beer.

Episode 790 - The Color of Chemistry

June 22, 2017 - The color of chemistry excites the next generation.

Episode 789 - A Key Ingredient in Making Foam

June 21, 2017 - Researchers find a way to make foam from old car parts, coconut oil.

Episode 788 - Disabling Chemical Weapons

June 19, 2017 - Fabric coating could disable chemical weapons.

Episode 787 - Detecting Urine in Swimming Pools

June 15, 2017 - Research reveals the ugly facts about what happens when nature calls at the swimming pool.

Episode 786 - Electronics that Bend, Flex and Stretch

June 14, 2017 - Conductive paper could help electronics bend and stretch.
Articles available for this podcast:

Conductive paper could enable future flexible electronics
Episode 785 - Visualizing Extinct Creatures Using Advance Bone Testing

June 12, 2017 - Advances in bone testing could reveal much more about the dead.

Episode 784 - 'Novel' Way to Share Passion for Science

June 08, 2017 - Young scientist's novel explores the many meanings of chemistry.

Episode 783 - Hot Summer Trees May Cause More City Smog

June 07, 2017 - Hot trees in the city might contribute to urban air woes.

Episode 782 - Sci-fi Holograms Could Soon be a Reality

June 05, 2017 - Researchers stretch the limits of hologram technology.

Episode 781 - Sniffing a Connection Between Humans and Ants

June 01, 2017 - Quirky exhibit explores how scents bind ants and humans.

Episode 780 - The 'Scientific way' to Improve Taste

May 31, 2017 - Scientists seek to improve taste, appeal of French baguette.

Episode 779 - Increased pollution from Air Conditioner

May 29, 2017 - Spikes in air conditioner use linked to increased air pollution.

Episode 778 - Detecting Pollution Particles

May 25, 2017 - Scientists unravel how air pollution particles move from lungs to blood stream.

Episode 777 - Electronics from Paper

May 24, 2017 - Artistic paper inspires development of new charging device for portable electronics.

Episode 776 - Making Drinking Water Safer

May 22, 2017 - Researchers detect potent insecticide in drinking water.

Episode 775 - Ideas for Dissertation Poster

May 18, 2017 - Wrestling with ideas for a dissertation poster? Check out this student's effort.

Episode 774 - Eco-friendly Biofuel from Poop Plant

May 17, 2017 - Researchers mix poop with invasive plant to create eco-friendly biofuel.

Episode 773 - Better self-healing materials from Snake Skin

May 15, 2017 - Scientists develop self-healing material based on snake skin.

Episode 772 - Super Sticky Geckos Glue

May 11, 2017 - Lizard inspires the creation of adhesive.

Episode 771 - The Secret Ingredient to 'life-saving' Blood

May 10, 2017 - Scientists develop alternative to vital blood component.

Episode 770 - New approach to Reducing E-waste Pile-up

May 08, 2017 - New biodegradable substance could help reduce E-waste pile-up.

Episode 769 - 'Artificial Leaf' of the Future

May 04, 2017 - 'Artificial leaf' could lead to better harvests in the future.

Episode 768 - Scientists and Sunscreen

May 03, 2017 - Scientists answer a burning question about sunscreens.

Episode 767 - Sewer Stench Removal

May 01, 2017 - Researchers close in on ways to banish odors from sewage.

Episode 766 - Helping Smokers to Quit

April 27, 2017 - Compounds found in addictive nut could help smokers quit the habit.

Episode 765 - Countering Birth Defects in Zika Virus

April 26, 2017 - Scientists take steps to prevent birth defects caused by Zika virus.

Episode 764 - 'Super' Metallic Laser Detector

April 24, 2017 - New laser technique detects metallic structural defects.

Episode 763 - Bacteria Can Be Beaten by Maple Syrup

April 20, 2017 - Maple syrup ingredient could bolster effectiveness of antibiotics.

Episode 762 - A Stunning Way to Reverse Paralysis

April 19, 2017 - Scientists seek to reverse paralyzing effects of autoimmune disorders.

Episode 761 - High-Tech Biosensors in Contact Lens

April 17, 2017 - Contact lens biosensors help monitor bodily functions in real time.

Episode 760 - Future Sea Creatures in Savage Oceans

March 30, 2017 - Some sea creatures could survive in the harsher oceans predicted in the future.

Episode 759 - Zika Mosquito Threat May Still Exists!

March 29, 2017 - Scientist seek ways to corral mosquito responsible for Zika.

Episode 758 - The 'Chemistry' Crime-solving Device

March 27, 2017 - New powerful 'glow stick' could help solve crime, diagnostic testing.

Episode 757 - 'Super' Vanilla Flavor

March 02, 2017 - Scientists develop 'greener' way to synthesize vanilla flavorings.

Episode 756 - New 'Easy Breezy' Fabric Softeners

March 22, 2017 - Innovative technique could lead to more eco-friendly fabric softeners.

Articles available for this podcast:

Method could speed up design of more eco-friendly fabric softeners

Episode 755 - New Synthesis Counters Deadly Bacteria

March 20, 2017 - New compounds could derail deadly 'superbug'.

Episode 754 - Rare Sugars for Better Blood Levels

March 16, 2017 - Rare sugars can lead to better management of blood glucose.

Episode 753 - A 'Better' Cancer Fighter

March 15, 2017 - Combination of compounds in ginger and chili peppers can help lower cancer risk.

Episode 752 - New Bacteria Detector

March 13, 2017 - New technique could speed the detection of harmful bacteria on fruits and vegetables.

Articles available for this podcast:

Moving toward faster, more accurate detection of food- and water-borne bacteria

Episode 751 - Chocolate Lovers Discovery

March 09, 2017 - Fruit seeds could help chocolate lovers avoid a meltdown.

Episode 750 - New Studies in Cancer Cells

March 08, 2017 - Scientists detect how cancer cells squeeze through tiny blood vessels.

Episode 749 - 'Safer' Hair dye

March 06, 2017 - Researchers close in on a safer way to dye hair.

Episode 748 - The Little Black Dress

March 02, 2017 - Science and fashion come together in the latest version of the 'little black dress'.

Episode 747 - Lizard Blood Medicine

March 01, 2017 - Substances in lizard blood could lead to the development of new antibiotics.

Episode 746 - New Heating Pad

February 27, 2017 - New see-through heating pad could help prevent burns.

Episode 745 - New Depression Disorder

February 23, 2017 - Researchers explore how depression can jumble up our thinking.

Episode 744 - New Discovery in Flint Water Crisis

February 22, 2017 - Scientists reexamine what really triggered the water crisis in Flint, Michigan.

Episode 743 - New Wearable Electronics

February 20, 2017 - Green tea extracts could be used to power wearable electronics.

Episode 742 - New Artificial Cells

February 16, 2017 - Scientists try to get real and artificial cells 'talking' to each other.

Episode 741 - New Nano Fertilizer

February 15, 2017 - Nanoparticle fertilizer could revolutionize agriculture in developing countries.

Episode 740 - Opioid Addiction Solution

February 13, 2017 - Weight-loss drug could help clamp down on opioid addiction.

Episode 739 - A Cost-effective Way to Diagnose Diseases

February 09, 2017 - New technique could expand the number of diseases doctors can diagnose without expensive lab tests.

Episode 738 - The 'Bright' Side of Peacocks

February 08, 2017 - Peacocks inspire 'greener' way to dye clothes.

Episode 737 - The 'Smart' Patch

February 06, 2017 - Scientists develop 'smart' patch potentially capable of delivering insulin automatically when needed.

Episode 736 - The Stench in Wine

February 02, 2017 - Researchers help wine makers solve a stinky problem.

Episode 735 - New Discoveries in Marijuana Compounds

February 01, 2017 - Scientists develop better way to measure marijuana compounds in breast milk.

Episode 734 - 'Heavenly fruit's Smell'

January 30, 2017 - New study reveals secrets behind a heavenly fruit's hellish smell.

Episode 733 - Life Beyond the Stars

January 26, 2017 - Researchers ramp up efforts to detect life on other worlds.

Episode 732 - New Disease Detector

January 25, 2017 - New device could help doctors sniff out disease.

Episode 731 - 'Firework Fuel'

January 23, 2017 - Power-packed fireworks could lead to the development of new alternative fuels.

Episode 730 - 'Poop perfume'

January 19, 2017 - 'Poop perfume' could help stem disease outbreaks in developing countries.

Episode 729 - New Tattoo medicine

January 18, 2017 - New ink could allow tattoos used in medicine to disappear after treatment.

Episode 728 - 3-D Ice Crystals

January 16, 2017 - 3-D technique reveals how ice crystals really form.

Episode 727 - Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker

January 12, 2017 - Scientists detect possible biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.

Episode 726 - New Technique for Blood Supplies

January 11, 2017 - New technique could speed access to blood supplies during emergencies.

Episode 725 - High-tech Batteries

January 09, 2017 - Seawater could help power the next wave of high-tech batteries.

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Science Elements - American Chemical Society

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direct link November 16, 2017 - Mussels could help keep dirty water from fouling streams and rivers. Articles related to this podcast: Cleaning up aquatic pollution with mussels. The Fight against Carcinogens Heats Up - Episode 840 direct link November 15, 2017 - Firefighting increases exposure to carcinogens.

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? When we spin the rifle in circles (not in the air) and when we throw it up in the air, it shows Kinetic Energy because its moving. It experiences with Static Energy when its a rest in your hands. In Colorguard we throw rifles, sabers, and flags.
When we throw one of these things up in the air,
it experiences Potential Energy ,

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Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

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July 1, 2013

WASHINGTON - The U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) announced that new federal regulations designed to improve safety for the motoring public by reducing truck driver fatigue took full effect today, July 1, 2013.

"Safety is our highest priority," said U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood. "These rules make common sense, data-driven changes to reduce truck driver fatigue and improve safety for every traveler on our highways and roads."

Trucking companies were provided 18 months to adopt the new hours-of-service rules for truck drivers. First announced in December 2011 by FMCSA, the rules limit the average work week for truck drivers to 70 hours to ensure that all truck operators have adequate rest. Only the most extreme schedules will be impacted, and more than 85 percent of the truck driving workforce will see no changes.

Working long daily and weekly hours on a continuing basis is associated with chronic fatigue, a high risk of crashes, and a number of serious chronic health conditions in drivers. It is estimated that these new safety regulations will save 19 lives and prevent approximately 1,400 crashes and 560 injuries each year.

"These fatigue-fighting rules for truck drivers were carefully crafted based on years of scientific research and unprecedented stakeholder outreach," said FMCSA Administrator Anne S. Ferro. "The result is a fair and balanced approach that will result in an estimated $280 million in savings from fewer large truck crashes and $470 million in savings from improved driver health. Most importantly, it will save lives."

FMCSA's new hours-of-service final rule:

Limits the maximum average work week for truck drivers to 70 hours, a decrease from the current maximum of 82 hours;

Allows truck drivers who reach the maximum 70 hours of driving within a week to resume if they rest for 34 consecutive hours, including at least two nights when their body clock demands sleep the most - from 1-5 a.m., and;

Requires truck drivers to take a 30-minute break during the first eight hours of a shift.

The final rule retains the current 11-hour daily driving limit and 14-hour work day.

Companies and drivers that commit egregious violations of the rule could face the maximum penalties for each offense. Trucking companies and passenger carriers that allow drivers to exceed driving limits by more than three hours could be fined $11,000 per offense, and the drivers themselves could face civil penalties of up to $2,750 for each offense.

Further information, including " Hours-of-Service Logbook Examples," is available on FMCSA's web site at www.fmcsa.dot.gov/HOS.

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New Hours-of-Service Safety Regulations to Reduce Truck Driver Fatigue Begin Today

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July 1, 2013 WASHINGTON - The U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) announced that new federal regulations designed to improve safety for the motoring public by reducing truck driver fatigue took full effect today, July 1, 2013. "Safety is our highest priority," said U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood.

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electronic music has a lot to do with science and many of the biggest known names for inventing something were into music or played an instrument, some people even use the scienctific method to created there music .

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I can't pretend ever to have fully grasped the space-time continuum but two minutes into a conversation with Heinrich Mueller and I appear to be shuttling back through time. "Quantum behaviour," he says - and all of a sudden I'm having to concentrate very, very hard in my physics lesson - "would have a relevance, since we are considering atomic entities, namely the movement, storage and manipulation of electrons."

Mueller is not a physics teacher. He is a techno music producer, one half of the legendary outfit Dopplereffekt. Dopplereffekt's club nights around Europe draw huge crowds, and he is the last person with whom I'd expect to discuss atomic entities and quantum behaviour. But Dopplereffekt's albums include Calabi Yau Space, a reference to the Calabi Yau manifold, whose properties, in case you need a quick refresher, yield applications in theoretical physics such as superstring theory. His live stage shows incorporate spectacular imagery from the world of physics.

Mueller's physics knowledge was absorbed, he says, "in the fashion of an autodidact", though he was always interested in natural science. "My musical work was a vehicle to assist in the dissemination of these concepts," he says. For him, "electronic music is firmly based on scientific principles. A relation of my music to physics is logical and natural: one is an outgrowth of the other."

At first glance, the yoking together of a rigorously analytical natural science with the most ephemeral and soulful of art forms might seem a stretch. But it's no coincidence that physicists often make superb musicians - indeed the leading science and engineering university, Imperial College, offers a joint degree with the Royal College of Music. Brian May, who is affiliated to Imperial's astrophysics department, also happens to be the guitarist of Queen. Professor Brian Cox was the keyboard player in 1990s pop group D:Ream (and now regularly professes a love of Mahler).

And of course, the most famous physicist of all was a passionate musician. According to his son, whenever Einstein felt he had "come to the end of the road or into a difficult situation in his work, he would take refuge in music. That would usually resolve all his difficulties." Einstein was obsessed with composers such as Bach and Mozart but maybe he would also have got a kick out of Jarvis Cocker's relativity ballad "Quantum Theory", Moby's astrophysics-infused "We Are All Made of Stars" or John Adams' Oppenheimer-based opera Doctor Atomic.

But if the themes of physics persistently insinuate themselves into the musical universe, the connection goes far deeper than mere inspiration. While some artists might take the Keatsian approach that cold scientific scrutiny of anything aesthetic "will clip an angel's wing, conquer all mystery by rule and line", all music is, at some level, physics - from the vibration of strings to the sound waves produced; from the way an instrument is constructed to the physiology of what happens in our ear when we hear it played. Both physicists and composers are in the everyday business of dealing with complex abstract patterns. And while musicians might disagree on everything from emotional interpretation to dynamics to phrasing, they all accept that a modern concert "A" generally vibrates at a frequency of 440 Hertz.

"There's a whole underlying level of physics which is the basis on which musical sounds are produced," says Brian Foster, professor of experimental physics at Oxford university. For the past eight years Foster has presented a live touring show called Einstein's Universe. The project brings particle physics to life through a discussion of Einstein's love of music; interspersing hard science with live performance from violinist Jack Liebeck to better demonstrate phenomena such as diffraction and superstring theory. Foster says the musical element of Einstein's Universe is "fantastically useful ... for actually illustrating what I do in physics at the atomic level".

You could, of course, argue that music is no more physics than literature is the alphabet - and none of this is to deny that "music" as we know it begins from a spark of non-intellectual creativity. While Foster says it is "almost certainly true that to be a great composer you have to have the sort of imagination or the ability to think in complex mathematical patterns", he admits that these composers don't necessarily have to "think of those as being mathematical patterns".

Even JS Bach, whose sublime music is often held up as the pinnacle of mathematical and scientific perfection, may not have been conscious of the patterns he was sequencing. "Bach worked so hard, not to mention having all those kids, I doubt he had time for idle fiddling with numbers," jokes Foster. "I suspect he just kept writing his weekly cantata and hoping for the best."

Yet for many contemporary musicians, the reliance on science is conscious rather than intuitive. Describing the relationship between his techno music and physics as "symbiotic", Mueller imagines "distinct parallels in the train of reasoning between the physicist and the electronic music production process". He employs something akin to the "scientific method" to create his tunes, he says. "Theory and experimentation are the primary techniques and you are always presented with unknowns and variables."

The pre-eminent British composer George Benjamin also hints that the creation of music can be less mystical and more mathematical than we might assume. Benjamin - who, at 16, was compared to Mozart by Olivier Messiaen - says an amateur interest in science is his "habitual preoccupation". Although he too had no formal science training beyond school, he says that reading books on topics as varied as "chaos theory, symmetry, the perception of time, prime numbers and code-breaking has proved unexpectedly stimulating". Over the years he has developed quasi-mathematical methods which can "act as a tool to assist the creation of complex structures ... which the intuition alone could not manage".

Benjamin's latest work was the opera Written on Skin, which was met with rhapsodic critical acclaim. While certain passages he wrote "virtually freehand, with just the text and my intuition as guide", he utilised the "compositional scaffolding" of these more mathematical procedures elsewhere. "Without [them], the more complex passages, potentially representing opposed, though simultaneous, points of view onstage, would not have been possible." The mathematician Marcus du Sautoy, Simonyi professor for the public understanding of science at the University of Oxford, tells me that when Benjamin showed him these procedures one afternoon, he was flabbergasted. "What he had come up with was an extremely interesting mathematical structure which I'd never seen before."

Physics is not only the fundamental precursor to what becomes, in our ear, "music": it can play a vital role in its creation too. But does the relationship work both ways? Can music be of any use to physics? For the ancients, who conferred on music a status equal to that of mathematics, geometry and astronomy, the answer would be obvious - but we still believe that the arts and sciences remain on either side of a divide across which, as the scientist and novelist CP Snow said, they "pull faces at each other in a fug of wilful mutual incomprehension".

Yet the properties of music can be uniquely instructive to physicists. "The relationship lies in a common quest for harmony," says Domenico Vicinanza, formerly of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics. He is now the arts and humanities manager at DANTE, the Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe, in Cambridge. "Harmony is a term used in science and music with more or less the same meaning. It's a two-way process."

Vicinanza, who holds a PhD in particle physics and is a trained classical composer, works with organisations including Nasa and Cern in a branch of physics called sonification. Using data from entities as varied as the Large Hadron Collider, the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts or a volcano, Vicinanza maps the information - which might be magnetic field measurements from 18 billion kilometres away, or a volcanic seismogram - and converts the data into something akin to a musical score.

The power of sonification, Vicinanza explains, lies in the fact that the ear is naturally able to hear data and detect anomalies, while simultaneously recognising abstract patterns, structures and sequences as a function of time (see First Person).

"Music is a highly structured system and a really powerful way of conveying information and describing things," says Vicinanza. "Sound is not directional. If you look at a graph, you have to have your eyes glued to a screen to monitor the changes. If you search a particular value in a huge background, it can be difficult to spot it in a graph. Finding an irregularity through a melody is a much easier task."

It's a captivating notion but, for all my eager listening to Vicinanza's sonification of the Higgs boson while doing a grocery run the other day, I regret to report it did not confer any deeper understanding of what the God particle actually is - other than that it has an unexpectedly catchy melody. But for scientists with the facility to analyse the data, sonification can provide a rich seam of information. "Sound is intrinsically richer than vision," says Vicinanza. "The visual has just three dimensions, whereas music has the power to pack in a lot more data."

Sonification can be employed in a diverse array of fields, from science and engineering to education, surveillance and medicine. Recently, Vicinanza has been using it to aid research into epilepsy.

"We take electroencephalogram (EEG) data and convert it into wave forms and melodies with a precise goal of identifying temporal patterns embedded in the EEGs of epileptic patients," he says. "So we are using music scales and intervals to convey specific neurological information to scientists. It is rigorous mapping of data to sound, but I'm also using the musical side of my brain to use sequences that work together from a harmonic point of view. It's a long process but it gives the scientists exactly the perspective they need. Ultimately it can be a really powerful tool for seizure prevention."

Seizure prevention seems a disproportionately impressive achievement for a string of black dots on a stave, yet this is not the only area in which humble music seems to punch above its weight in the lab. Henrik J Jensen is a professor of mathematical physics at Imperial. He has been leading research into causality that analyses the brain dynamics of a group of chamber musicians - playing both improvised and non-improvised music - and of their audience as they listen.

The potential implications are momentous. "What we are looking at with a brain playing music is one of the most complex systems you can think of," he explains. "If we can pinpoint how information and causation flows between participants, simply by analysing the EEG signals measured from individual brains, those same methods could help us understand causations and interrelatedness in many other complex systems, such as finance - to figure out why currencies are interrelated, or what causes a shift in interest rates; also ecology, medicine, climate change. What is the causation, what really is it that makes the temperature increase? We could use this method in any field in which you need to understand how things are connected."

Jensen says he has never used a research tool as effective as this. And with such wide prospective application, one might expect the money to be pouring in to support it. But Jensen fears the project's "cross-disciplinary" nature means it falls between two stools; he has not received a penny in grants so far. "Everyone finds the results fascinating but we haven't been able to find any funding, so that puts severe limitations on where we can take it. This is not typical medical research, it's not neuroscience research, but it's clear conceptually that this has enormous potential in terms of understanding similar types of brain activity. We need funding for some equipment and man hours."

Others believe that not encouraging more shared work between the two disciplines wastes an opportunity. "Physicists and musicians might have very different ways of looking at the world," says du Sautoy, "but if you combine them, you're going to get access to low-lying fruit that nobody has seen before. You appreciate things more deeply and can go further in whatever you're doing with inputs of new language to see your structures in new ways."

Du Sautoy reminds me that the most famous sequence of numbers in the world was discovered by a group of Indian musicians experimenting with rhythmic possibilities, long before a certain 13th-century mathematician named Fibonacci got there. "Often a musician can arrive at a new structure which has scientific resonance. Music can raise questions for us that we've never really thought of before." From techno to relativity theories, he continues, "we are moving into an age where people who are making the big progress are those who are prepared to straddle several areas."
Clemency Burton-Hill presents the 'Breakfast Show' on BBC Radio 3. To comment please email magazineletters@ft.com

Hosted by Cern (The European Laboratory for Nuclear Research), A Large Ion Collider Experiment, or Alice, has brought together more than 1,200 physicists from 132 physics institutes in 36 countries worldwide. Alice aims to answer fundamental questions about matter at extreme conditions. The data sonified in the audio clip below is a series of measurements collected as part of the Alice experiment at Cern and used by physicists to identify the particles produced at the Large Hadron Collider. By assigning musical notes to numerical values, a sonification algorithm translates the numerical data into a piece of music, mapping its symmetries and structures.
Credits: Sonification and orchestration: Domenico Vicinanza (DANTE).
Data courtesy of the ALICE collaboration at CERN.
Sonification run on the GEANT network through EGI. Sonfication support: Giuseppe La Rocca (INFN-Catania) and Mariapaola Sorrentino.

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The sounds of science: how physics and music can help each other

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I can't pretend ever to have fully grasped the space-time continuum but two minutes into a conversation with Heinrich Mueller and I appear to be shuttling back through time. "Quantum behaviour," he says - and all of a sudden I'm having to concentrate very, very hard in my physics lesson - "would have a relevance, since we are considering atomic entities, namely the movement, storage and manipulation of electrons."

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Video games are recreational products. According to recent surveys, more than a billion people play video games every day, whether on personal computers, gaming consoles or mobile phones. It is known that video games are powerful tools to train our brains, an activity that resembles physical training.

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Truck driving business relies on science for many thing's. Trucks can rely on gravity to move.Truckers will always move to far places with cargo and can get sleepy so they must have specific hours to drive and no be sleepy.It is very dangerous to drive when sleepy because you could easily fall asleep and crash and with a big delivery vehicle your crash could be fatal to others or you.https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/newsroom/new-hours-service-safety-regulations-reduce-truck-driver-fatigue-begin-today

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Knowing science is something that your coach has to know about. Many scientific things have to do with swimming. Science helps make the swimmers faster. Science helps determine a race strategy for different body types. It also helps determine how you will do during different strokes.

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USA Swimming is the National Governing Body for the sport of swimming in the United States. We are a 400,000-member service organization that promotes the culture of swimming by creating opportunities for swimmers and coaches of all backgrounds to participate and advance in the sport through teams, events and education.

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There are many ways to shoot a bow and arrow. All of them  depend  on science for success!From thousands of year ago, early archers had the ability of accurately shooting arrows at distances of 300 -500 meters, with bows having draw weights of 150-200 pounds. Only a short time ago were scientist able to figure out how. The first archers used biomechanics to help them use their body structure in the most efficient manner.

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swimming has everything to do with science because your arms have to be a certain way your legs have to be going at the same pace and its kinda hard doing both of those at the same time

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I like field hockey, because its the only sport you don't have to throw or catch in.It has a lot to do with science because you it uses core strength,buttocks, and lower back to be successful.As a defensive player you need to control the ball and drive the ball to your team mates.On offense you need to get low so you can stop or block the ball and get it for your team.

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Field hockey is a game that has been played in varying forms and in different cultures for over 4,000 years, as the striking of a ball with a stick either towards a goal or away from an opponent is a universal sporting concept. While field hockey bears an initial physical similarity to ice hockey, the closest sporting cousin to field hockey is soccer, both in respect to the shape and dimensions of the playing field, and the 11 players common to each sport.

The rules of the modern field hockey game were first codified in England in the mid-1800s. Field hockey has become a popular sport throughout the world, particularly in many European countries, India, and Pakistan. In North America, field hockey enjoys a primarily female following, where it is competed at both a high school and a university level. The governing body of world field hockey is the International Hockey Federation, the FIH, founded in 1924. Field hockey was first introduced into the Olympics in 1908.

The object of field hockey is to direct a hard plastic ball using a stick into the opposing goal. The ball can be advanced up the field against the opposing team by a player dribbling the ball, which includes any use of the stick to keep the ball under control while the player moves down the field; by passing the ball; or by driving the ball ahead and running after it. The field hockey pitch is a 100 yd by 60 yd (90 m by 55 m) rectangular surface; the surface may be either natural grass or artificial turf. The introduction of artificial turf in field hockey, a process which began in the late 1970s in elite competition, has proven to be one of the most significant changes in the history of the game. Players can run faster, and the reduction in friction between the ball and the artificial surfaces has created a faster style of play with a ball that tends to run true on all passes and shots. Each team has 10 players in the field, plus a goal keeper, who protects a goal that is 7 ft high and 12 ft wide (2.1 m by 3.6 m). The goal is at the center of a 16-yd arc, within which the ball must be shot for a goal to be counted. Like soccer, there is also provision for a penalty stroke, awarded for serious infractions committed with the arc. The penalty stroke is taken from a designated spot 7 yd (6.4 m) in front of the goal. Minor infractions are the subject of a penalty corner, which is similar to an indirect free kick in soccer. On the penalty corner, the ball is directed into the shooting area for a shot by a team mate, as opposed to being driven directly at the goal. A tactical departure from soccer is the absence of an offside rule, meaning that any player on a field hockey team is permitted to take a position behind the last defender.

One of the remarkable features of field hockey is the fact that each stick is designed to permit only a right-handed shot. The stick is approximately 3 ft (0.9 m) long, and it must be carried by each player in a manner that does not pose an undue risk to one's opponents. The ball similarly may not be struck or directed in any manner that, in the opinion of the referee, poses a risk to other players. The composition of the stick, often from carbon fiber or composite materials, creates a greater coefficient of restitution in the stick shaft that was possible with stiffer wood construction, which results in greater energy being transferred from the muscles of the player to the ball when it is struck. Coupled with the reduced friction of an artificial surface, the field hockey ball can be passed or shot on goal with considerable velocity. For this reason, goalkeepers wear protective equipment similar to that worn by their ice hockey equivalents-chest protectors, upper body protection, a full mask and helmet, and shin protection.

Field hockey is intended as a non-contact sport, and the deliberate strike of an opponent with either one's stick or body at any time in a game will result in the imposition of a penalty. The legal method of preventing an opponent from advancing a ball or making a pass is with a tackle, the field hockey term for the use of the stick by the defender to take the ball from an offensive player.

An elite-level field hockey game is 70 minutes in length, and as with all running sports, emphasis is placed on both aerobic and anaerobic fitness of the athletes in the course of training. Core strength, the inter-related development of the abdominal, gluteal (buttocks), and lumbar (lower back) muscles, is essential to field hockey success, as a successful athlete must move in a stable and explosive fashion forwards, backwards, and laterally. Physical size

alone is not a significant advantage in field hockey. As a primarily outdoor, warm-weather sport, field hockey players must pay particular attention to the development of strong hydration practices, coupled with training that serves to acclimatize them to warm-weather competition.

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Field hockey is a game that has been played in varying forms and in different cultures for over 4,000 years, as the striking of a ball with a stick either towards a goal or away from an opponent is a universal sporting concept.

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I like gymnastics because I like to compete. The science behind it has to do with kinetics and dynamics. There is a lot of force involved with bars. The more momentum and kinetic energy you have the more airtime you have. Many gymnast have problems with spinal growth.

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As a gymnast sitting in physics class last year, I always wondered how gymnastics actually worked in relation to kinetics and dynamics. We learned in physics that during a skill, a gymnast's potential energy at the beginning converts into kinetic energy. Newton's first law states that the object at rest will stay at rest until it has a force to move. The object at rest is the gymnast and the force applied would be like swinging on a bar. The more kinetic energy and momentum a gymnast has, the more airtime a gymnast will have.

For me, it is hard to do gymnastics because I am tall. Most gymnasts are very short because it is easier for them to rotate because of their center of gravity. If you are taller, you have to have more strength to rotate your entire body over and to flip. There is a study that shows that gymnastics stunts your growth. They found that female gymnasts' skeletal systems matured at decreased rates during gymnastics training, but then began to catch up during periods of reduced training and retirement. The researchers found that the more years a gymnast does gymnastics, the greater the decrease in growth. They also found that gymnasts tend to have more problems with their spinal growth.

Gymnastics is the most difficult sport in the world. To be a gymnast, it takes balance, rotation, spatial awareness, and many more special skills. The force between the gymnasts' feet and the mat, works to bring the energy of the gymnast to zero. A lot of force is used in gymnastics, even more than a football player uses. It is hard on your body, and that is why there are so many injuries in gymnastics.

This entry was posted in Uncategorized on by .

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SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Controversy

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As a gymnast sitting in physics class last year, I always wondered how gymnastics actually worked in relation to kinetics and dynamics. We learned in physics that during a skill, a gymnast's potential energy at the beginning converts into kinetic energy.

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Soccer is a really fun to play.Science have to do with soccer because the soccer ball was design. The soccer ball surface roughness and asymmetric air forces ,which makes it contribute to its path .The soccer ball seems like it is a defy the force of nature.

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With the attention of sports fans worldwide focused on South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup, U.S. scientist John Eric Goff has made the aerodynamics of the soccer ball a focus of his research.

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Baseball has everything to do with science. Everything baseball is it has science in it. Baseball has only 750 players in the MLB which is the smallest population of players. Baseball is the hardest sport. Also I think baseball is the best sport

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to my site devoted to research on the physics of baseball. My particular research interests are two-fold: the physics of the baseball-bat collision and the flight of the baseball. I have done quite a bit of independent research in both areas. I am also heavily involved with several areas of practical interest to the game. One is characterizing, measuring, and regulating the performance of non-wood bats, an area for which I have served on committees advising the NCAA and USA Baseball. Another is exploiting new technologies for tracking the baseball, such as TrackMan, Rapsodo, and now Hawkeye for novel uses in baseball analytics. But this site does much more than catalog my own work. It attempts to provide links to much of the high-quality work done over the past decade or so on various aspects of the physics of baseball. If readers know of a site that I have overlooked, please contact me.

Alan Nathan, April 12, 2023.

This article is an update to an earlier one from 2017. In both articles, I find that a 1-deg F increase in temperature results in a 1% increase in home runs. The analysis was inspired by a recent article by a group from Dartmouth entitled Global warming, home runs, and the future of America's pastime, who found a similar results.

Jim Albert and Alan Nathan, FanGraphs, May 10, 2022

We have investigated changes in the in-play home run rates for the 2018-22 seasons, using April '18 as our reference. We have developed a technique to separate the changes into those due to changes in launch conditions and those due to changes in carry. We have further shown that the latter are directly correlated with changes in the density-corrected drag coefficient. Finally we have shown that the significant reduction in the in-play home run rate for the 2022 season relative to April '21 is due in part to changes in launch conditions (approximately one-third) and in part to changes in the drag (approximately two-thirds).

Alan Nathan, March 29, 2021.

There has been much discussion about changes to the baseball for the 2021 season and how those changes might have affected various statistical metrics. In this brief article, I discuss how changes to the weight, size, and COR ("bounciness") of the baseball affect exit velocity and fly ball distance.

Alan Nathan, January 4, 2021 and updated January 5 with corrections.

Alan Nathan, March 18, 2021.

Alan Nathan, March 1, 2023.

Alan Nathan, Powerpoint Slides from SABR Analytics Talk, March 13, 2021.

As a followup to the "Not Just About Magnus Anymore" article (see link below), the first article sets up a formalism for separating the movement on a pitch into Magnus and non-Magnus components, using Hawkeye data on the spin components. The second article takes a slightly different approach in that it sets up a formalism for separating the movement into lift (i.e., in the direction of the Magnus force) and side (perpendicular to the Magnus force) components. Whereas the side component is necessarily non-Magnus, the lift component, while predominantly Magnus, may have some non-Magnus mixed in. An example of how to use the second formalism is shown in the above graph and is discussed in the text. Click here for a spreadsheet template for performing the calculations using both formalisms.

Barton Smith, Alan Nathan, and Harry Pavlidis, Baseball Prospectus, November 5, 2020

This article reports the first use of Hawkeye data to find evidence for pitch movement beyond that expected due to the Magnus force. The key to the analysis is that Hawkeye directly measures the spin axis, which can be compared with the axis inferred from the movement. Any difference between them is direct evidence for non-Magnus movement . Such behavior is shown in the graph below. Interestingly, the data show more arm-side movement for sinkers and changeups than would be expected based on Magnus, whereas the opposite is true for fastballs. Once the spin axis in 3D becomes publicly available, one will be able to measure directly the spin efficiency and quantiatively measure the magnitude and direction of both Magnus and non-Magnus movement. One will also be able to determine how drag coefficients depends on both the active and gyro spin rates.

Alan Nathan, May 25, 2020 update, Unpublished

Alan Nathan, August 31, 2020, Unpublished

A technique is developed to determine the direction of the spin axis for pitched baseballs. The method utilizes the Trackman measurement of the trajectory, specifically the spin-induced movement, to determine the active spin. An important physics input to this method is the relationship between active spin and movement, which is separately determined from laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. The combination of active spin and the Trackman measurement of the total spin allow a determination of the spin axis in 3 dimensions and the spin efficiency, the latter being the ratio of active to total spin. A useful formula is developed relating the movement to the number of rotations of the ball between release and home plate. The role of experimental noise on the measurement of the trajectory is discussed. An important caveat is that the technique implicitly assumes that the movement is due to the Magnus effect and not to other possible forces on the ball. Click here for the spreadsheet template for performing the calculations.

The addendum points out an unresolved ambiguity in the relationship between spin and movement whenever the spin efficiency is less than one.

Alan Nathan, Unpublished

This article is an analysis of the reasons why fly balls with otherwise identical launch conditions carry farther to centerfield than to left or right field. I gave a talk on this topic at the 2022 SABR Analytics Conference. You can watch the video and download the slides .

Alan Nathan, Fangraphs, July 6, 2020.

Alan Nathan, July 20, 2020.

It is a known fact that for given launch conditions, there is a variation in the distance a fly ball carries. Various aspects of this were studied an earlier and again in a followup article. The currently research takes full advantage of the Statcast capabilities for tracking the batted ball and determining its spin rate and spin axis to answer this question. After controlling for exit velocity, spray angle, and launch angle, the remaining rms spread of 11 ft come from four different sources in roughly equal contributions: variation of backspin from mean value; variation of sidespin from mean value; ball-to-ball variation in drag coefficient; measurement noise. The followup article shows, among other things, that the total spin rate provides far less information in determining the distance than does the individual backspin and sidespin components. It also shows that the measurement noise is dominated by the noise in the actual distance measurement rather than in the drag coefficient measurement.

Alan Nathan, Presentation at 2019 SABR Analytics Conference

In this presentation (), I present the results of various experiments on oblique ball-bat collisions and show how they are used to predict batted ball parameters from the swing parameters, as shown in the figure. Then I start to address the "reverse engineering" problem, whereby one tries to determine the swing parameters, especially the attack angle, from the batted ball parameters. The issue of timing enters if the attack angle of the bat differs from the descent angle of the ball, and this issue is investigated quantiatively. Finally, the question is addressed whether it is advantageous to alter the swing to sacrifice exit velocity to gain some extra spin on the batted ball. Further links related to this topic can be found by clicking .

Alan M. Nathan, The Hardball Times, August 27, 2018

This article takes a critical look at how movement is determined from measurements of the trajectory. Two techniques are investigated. Technique 1 is that used currently by Statcast/Trackman. Technique 2 is based on one that I investigated over 10 years ago. I show that Technique 1 results in systematic deviations of the movement from the exact values whereas Technique 2 does much better. The underlying physics behind Technique 2 is discussed ; click for the spreadsheet template described there.

This is a link to a page describing the latest version of my Trajectory Calculator, which is now fully 3-dimensional and utilizes drag and lift coefficients that have been optimized using Statcast data.

Alan Nathan, The Hardball Times, April 6, 2016

In this , I use Statcast fly ball data from the 2015 season to investigate how fly ball distance depends on exit speed, vertical launch angle, and elevation. The Coors Field effect is quantified. Indirectly, this analysis is used to determine the effect on fly ball distance of temperature, relative humidity, and wind. A perhaps surprising result is the weak dependent of distance on the rate of backspin, in agreement with earlier findings reported in this article.

Alan Nathan, Baseball Prospectus, March 31, 2015

This article describes how to use data to separate the spin of a pitched baseball into a part that leads to movement (the "useful" spin) and a part that doesn't (the "gyrospin"). It is shown that fastballs and changeups are consistent with all their spin being useful, whereas breaking pitches (including cutters) have varying but significant degrees of gyrospin. The ratio of useful to total spin might be a helpful diagnostic for pitchers, especially those who throw breaking balls. Random measurement error in the movement means the type of analysis discussed in the article should only be used for averages of collections of pitches rather than for individual pitches. For those of you interested in technical details, you can read all about them in my unpublished companion article.

Jeff Long has written several articles for Baseball Prospectus, Spin That Curveball,The Next Collin McHugh?,Mother May I?, and especiallyWhat We Know About Spin Rate, in which he has done some analysis using the concept of useful spin.

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to my site devoted to research on the physics of baseball. My particular research interests are two-fold: the physics of the baseball-bat collision and the flight of the baseball. I have done quite a bit of independent research in both areas. I am also heavily involved with several areas of practical interest to the game.

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Tony Strudwick, head of performance at Manchester United, leads an all-star author panel in presenting the most up-to-date research on soccer. The world's foremost authorities in soccer history, biomechanics, physiology, psychology, skill acquisition and coaching, tactical approaches and performance and match analysis make this book the most significant and comprehensive work ever published about the world's most popular sport.

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camping is good for health because you are active and exercising  

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camping is good for health because you are active and exercising  

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In this science project, you'll explore the role of corn syrup, gelatin, and sugar in making marshmallows. Plus, in the process, you'll learn a lot about the chemistry of cooking and how temperature transforms recipes that have seemingly similar ingredients into treats as different as caramels and lollipops!

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I like playing soccer and the most exciting thing about soccer is the challenge to score a goal. In soccer there are multiple ways science relates to soccer the way the ball moves.

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With the attention of sports fans worldwide focused on South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup, U.S. scientist John Eric Goff has made the aerodynamics of the soccer ball a focus of his research.

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I have been playing basketball for a long time now and science has a little effect on it. When you shoot the ball you have to know whether or not to use backspin and you have to figure out the trajectory of the shoot. You also have to know the under Pressure for when you are dribbling the ball.

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Next time the kids head out to practice their shots, consider this: there are scientific principles involved in every shot! Trajectory, force, gravity, energy, motion, air pressure, percentage -injecting a little bit of science into summertime fun can be as simple as asking the right questions when you are out on the court and then putting a few of those ideas into action.

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i enjoy playing volleyball. the science includes forces,acceleration,gravity, projectile motion and many other things in a volleyball game.

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I enjoy watching and doing gymnastics. What i learned was science in gymnastics can do with how people prepare or land after their skills. Also influences of different hand positions on impact forces.

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Articles concerned with performance analysis, judges' analysis, biomechanical analysis of gymnastics elements, medical analysis in gymnastics, pedagological analysis related to gymnastics, biographies of important gymnastics personalities and other historical analysis, social aspects of gymnastics, motor learning and motor control in gymnastics, methodology of learning gymnastics elements, etc. are welcomed.

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Baseball is the greatest sport of all time. There is so much science in the game that you constantly have to think about every thing you learned all at once for a short period of time.
http://www.exploratorium.edu/baseball/reactiontime.html

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I liked playing volleyball with my friends and the competion that we did was fun because everyone was really lit

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What on Earth could volleyball and physics possibly have in common? Watching or playing a volleyballl game is an excellent way to see the principles of physics in action. Understanding physics...

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I enjoy drawing on my free time, and like doing arts and crafts. I also take visual arts. According to the article science and art naturally overlap. Drawings and paintings represent science. They both have a lot in common. Such as, means of investigation, theories and hypotheses. They both study people, culture, history, religion, ect.

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The Enduring Relationship of Science and Art

Science and art naturally overlap. Both are a means of investigation. Both involve ideas, theories, and hypotheses that are tested in places where mind and hand come together—the laboratory and studio. Artists, like scientists, study—materials, people, culture, history, religion, mythology— and learn to transform information into something else. In ancient Greece, the word for art was techne, from which technique and technology are derived—terms that are aptly applied to both scientific and artistic practices.

Art and Scientific Investigation in Early-European Art
Leonardo da Vinci, painter and draftsman of the High Renaissance, is best known as an artist whose works were informed by scientific investigation. Leonardo observed the world closely, studying physiology and anatomy in order to create convincing images of the human form. He believed that the moral and ethical meanings of his narrative paintings would emerge only through the accurate representation of human gesture and expression. For this Christian artist, science and art were different paths that led to the same destination—a higher spiritual truth. His Sketch of Uterus with Foetus (c. 1511–13) is one of several thousand drawings he produced in his lifetime in which artistic and scientific investigation are bound together. These extraordinary drawings are revered as examples of the Renaissance concept of the integration of all disciplines.

The Astronomer (1668) by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer is another example of the profound connection between science and art. The people of 17th-century Netherlands had an exploratory spirit. Equally interested in this world and the larger universe, the familiar and the exotic, they were intent on looking and investigating. It was here in the early 17th century that the microscope and telescope were first developed. Vermeer's painting celebrates an astronomer. Yet it equally celebrates the work of artists and the materials of this world. The painting hanging on the back wall was created by a local artist; the Middle Eastern carpet on the table was crafted by a foreign artist; Vermeer's own paints (ground mineral pigments mixed with linseed oil) and brushes were produced by local artisans. The globe at which the astronomer gazes evidences the link between science and art most pointedly, for it demonstrates this astronomer's—and his culture's—combined interest in finely crafted objects and scientific systems, such as cartography and astronomy.

The Science of Color in 19th-Century Painting
In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, the physiological, psychological, and phenomenal effects of color and light were of primary concern to Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artists such as Edgar Degas (1834–1917), Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Auguste Renoir (1841–1919), Paul Gauguin (1843–1903), and Claude Monet (1840–1926). Considered by many to be the greatest nature painter in modern-art history, Monet suggested that our sense of our physical environment changes continuously with our shifting perceptions of light and color. In On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt (1868), a painting of his wife-to-be, Monet captures a fleeting "impression" of the landscape through loose brushwork and composition. His impression is pre- cognitive—before the mind labels, identifies, and converts what it sees into memory. Tellingly, the woman in the painting looks not at the house and trees across the river, but down at their wavering, upside-down reflections in the river, a perspective that echoes the process of perception itself. Images in the form of light enter the eye, an orb with a nerve-sensitive background. As light penetrates, it is inverted and projected onto the back of that light-sensitive orb, where the brain processes the information. Monet's painting captures the vibration between impression and perception—the contingent moment. It conveys a sense of trembling as the light and color of the landscape shift and time passes.

A number of years after Monet's Bennecourt, Georges Seurat began painting A Sunday on La Grande Jatte— 1884 (1884–1886) (above). As an art student at the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris, he studied the physics of color, and this enormous painting is an exercise in color theory. Unlike Renaissance and Dutch artists, Seurat and Monet did not mix their own paint. They benefited from breakthroughs by French chemists in the early 19th century who had invented both premixed paints packaged in tubes and synthetic pigments, such as ultramarine blue, which previously had been made from ground lapis lazuli and was, therefore, the most expensive pigment. Neither Seurat nor Monet, with little money in their pockets, could have created their blue-filled, experimental works without the scientific breakthroughs earlier that century.

Using these new paints, Seurat invented a technique called Pointillism to investigate how adjacent colors blend when taken in by the eye. Up close, the surface of his painting contains thousands of painted dots and dashes, discrete areas of color. But Seurat placed these dots of complementary colors next to each other—purple and yellow, orange and blue, green and red—so that at a distance they interact to create vibrant blended colors and larger, whole forms. Carrying his scientific approach to color theory to the edges of the image, Seurat represented the range of the visible spectrum in the painting's border dominated by red and blue.

20th-Century Art and Science
Pablo Picasso's (1881–1973) portrait of art dealerDaniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910) combines Monet's ideas about the contingency of time and Seurat's theory about the perception of discrete elements. Here, Picasso breaks up the figure and objects in his composition in the style known as Cubism. Instead of rendering his subjects as distinctly recognizable forms, he paints them from several points of view. Kahnweiler's head, suit, watch fob, and hands, as well as the still life to the left and the decorated wall behind, remain identifiable, but these elements have been broken up into flattened planes and rearranged across the picture surface. Painted just a few years after Albert Einstein put forth his theory of relativity, which asserts the contingent nature of observing reality, Picasso's work similarly illustrates the elusive presence of his subject—Mr. Kahnweiler. Picasso's Cubist painting style, like studying Einstein's scientific theory, requires careful analysis, but it rewards the viewer's effort with perception and understanding.

The invention of photography in the middle of the 19th century was a technological wonder—artistically and scientifically. The practice of oxidizing and fixing images on light-sensitive paper or a metal plate posed a great challenge to painters, who had historically been charged with the task of providing their culture with images of itself and the world around them. People believed this new medium could represent the world accurately and more quickly. Ansel Adams (1902–1984) one of the most extraordinary photographers of the North American landscape, used his camera to capture the spirit and beauty of the American West. His majestic vistas of mountains and rivers, such as The Tetons and the Snake River, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (1942), embraced the bond between man and nature while recording with astonishing technical accuracy the phenomenal effects of light and atmosphere.

Today, light-and-space artist James Turrell seeks to link the terrestrial and celestial realms in his work at Roden Crater, a natural cinder volcano situated on the southwestern edge of the Painted Desert in northern Arizona. Since 1972, Turrell has been transforming the crater into a large-scale artwork by subtly manipulating and reshaping its form. Like Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci did, Turrell uses his knowledge of engineering, and, like Seurat and Monet, he employs his knowledge of the effects of light and space. When Turrell completes his gigantic project, visitors standing in the middle of the crater on the reflective material with which the artist has lined it will feel suspended between the sky and earth.

There has long been a connection between art and science, one that can be traced back to the Egyptian pyramids. History proves that the two disciplines cannot exist without each other, enduring in constantly changing and evolving relationships.

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The Enduring Relationship of Science and Art

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Science and art naturally overlap. Both are a means of investigation. Both involve ideas, theories, and hypotheses that are tested in places where mind and hand come together-the laboratory and studio. Artists, like scientists, study-materials, people, culture, history, religion, mythology- and learn to transform information into something else.

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I really like to play volleyball. Science includes physics and motion. Both of those are important to the sport. The article explains how it constantly uses physics and other types of skills without even knowing it.

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I love to play soccer.This sport you need to think quick before you do something.you need to have physics.There is some science in soccer.soccer players curve the ball by technique.The whole point of soccer is to score.The rules are your not allowed to use your hands.You have 90 minutes to score goals.Positions are goalie defenders,midfielders,and strickers.

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With the attention of sports fans worldwide focused on South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup, U.S. scientist John Eric Goff has made the aerodynamics of the soccer ball a focus of his research.

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I enjoy playing & watching soccer. The game includes a challenging way to score  score which is a very exciting and crucial part to the game. Soccer "offers you an unprecedented wealth of advanced yet accessible information on biomechanics, physiology, psychology, skill acquisition and coaching, tactical approaches and performance and match analysis."
http://www.humankinetics.com/products/all-products/soccer-science

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I like playing RPGs, or role playing games. These games use  math and calculations to decide what will happen in the games. This article tells of the many scientific studies relating to RPGs.

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Studies About Fantasy Role-Playing Games

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Website mit wissenschaftlichen Studien, Essays, Diplomarbeiten etc. über Fantasy-Rollenspiele wie Dungeons & Dragons oder Das Schwarze Auge, entstanden als Antwort auf unreflektierte Medienberichte.

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Viruses are strange things that straddle the fence between living and non-living. On the one hand, if they're floating around in the air or sitting on a doorknob, they're inert. They're about as alive as a rock. But if they come into contact with a suitable plant, animal or bacterial cell, they spring into action. They infect and take over the cell like pirates hijacking a ship.

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I like playing video games.  Science includes cutting-edge science, technology, engineering, and math education. In this article, it will explain how gaming players use strategy and a lot of learning than win to win combination.

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Success Story: The Science of Video Games

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Continuing his string of science fair successes, Xavier's fifth grade project won first place at both his school and district science fairs. He also won a gold medal in the fifth grade division at his county fair, the RIMS Inland Science and Engineering Fair.

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I love playing and coaching volleyball. Science includes motion and physics. Both of these are important in volleyball! This article explains how volleyball players are constantly doing physics calculations in their heads without even knowing it! I learned that playing volleyball includes lots of physics, estimating, and math!