# data[].attributes.body
What are arguments for and against receiving a cochlear implant?
for: help her hear  and speak live a normal possibly more happy life
against: has to drill very far into skull, loosing culture
After receiving cochlear implants what are some of the benefits and struggles that are experienced?

Add class comment…

# data[].attributes.body
Prepare for the FRQ and multiple choice test

# data[].attributes.body
1. Place Theory- suggested by helmhotz, able to hear diffrent pitches of sounds based on the placement of the neural activity on the basilar membrane in the cochela
2. Frequency Theory- vibrations trigger neural impulses to the brain at the same rate as a sound wave, lower frequency=fewer neual impulses, higher frequencies= larger amount of neural impulses
3.Volley principle- neural cells can alternate firing and there by acheive combined fequency for very adverage pitch

# data[].attributes.body
the whole snail looking structure is called the organ of corti
it all passes through the thalamus

# data[].attributes.body
assumotion closer objects get larger
stro

# data[].attributes.body
assumotion closer objects get larger
strob

# data[].attributes.body
assumotion closer objects get larger
strobosciopic moovement motion picture
phi phenomenon illusion of light
aurokinectic illusion- perceived motion created by single stationary object(slight movement of eye muscles make object move)

sound localizations-
monaural cue- louder sound means closer sound
binaural cues stereophonic stereo multi directional audio perspective

# data[].attributes.body
cues that require both eyes
retinal disparity- difference between sight views of 2 eyes
convergence- cue for perceiving depth eyes coverage inward towards object
stereoscopic vision- combine 2 retinal

# data[].attributes.body
interposition- 1 object blocks view of another so often referred to as superposition
relative size- assumption that 2 objects are similar size 1 closer has larger retinal image
relative clarity- aka aerial perspective perception tha Hazy objects are farthr away than sharp objects
Texture gradient- coarse distinct texture is closer than finer indistinct texture
relative height- objects higher in field of vision appear father away (vertical dimensions appear longer than horizontal dimensions
relative motion- movement of self cause stable item to appear to move nearest object appears to move faster
linear perspective- parallel lines appear to converge in distance people over estimate trains distance
light and shadow aka shadowing- nearby objects reflect more light into eyes simmer objects appear farther away

# data[].attributes.body
1. color
2. shape- see same shape dispite angle
3. size-dispite distance shapes dont change size
4. location
5. brightness

# data[].attributes.body
2 dimensions fall on retina perceibe as 3D we estimate distance
visual cliff Eleanor Gibson and Richard walk- test of depth preception infants and toddlers (6 months understand depth perception)

# data[].attributes.body
1. figure ground - organize picture based on the ground
2. proximity- ground nearby figures together
3. similarity- group similar figures together
4. continuity- smooth continuous patterns
5. connectedness- when linked we see spots lines or areas as a single unit

# data[].attributes.body
perception of familiar objects as having consistent color even if changing illumination

# data[].attributes.body
I can differentiate between binocular and monocular cues

# data[].attributes.body
partialor totla inalbilty to perceive hues
monochromats black and white
dichromats red green or yellow blue
trichromats norma color vision
helmhotz theory doesnt explain color blindess inbolves 2 colors pairs not 1 single cone. he said should be you vant see green or yellow red
2 opponent process theory hering
three kinds of cones that work in pairs red and green blue and yellow black and white
paired with opposites if one is stimulated the is inhibited
both theories are correct
individual cone tricromatic theory
oppponet process othe layers of the reina

# data[].attributes.body
you helmhotz trichromatic theiry each cone is macimally senitive to 1 of 3 colors red green bue comined stimulation of these cones cause other colors by mixing light waaves red + green = yellow can not expain afterimages
afterimages you see opposite color

# data[].attributes.body
distance from one wave peak to another light sound
high frequency -short wavelength bluish colors high pitched sounds
low frequency- long wavelength reddish colors low pitched sounds
large amplitude tall wavelength bright colors loud sounds
small amplitude short wavelength, dull colors, soft sounds

# data[].attributes.body
Tranduction- signal are formed into neural impulses as light passes through retina
parallel processing- processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously color form and motion

# data[].attributes.body
I can learn color theories and visual cues

# data[].attributes.body
magnocellur cells (m cells) detect motion
parvocellur cells- detect color what item is
Acuity - ability to distinguish fine details, sharpness
intensity- brightness
length of wave determined by hue(color)

# data[].attributes.body
rods are black and white
rods color
receptor cells 20;1 rods out number peripheral vision relies on rods
bipolar cells specialized neuron connect rods and cones 1 axon 1 dendrite
ganglion cells- axons of these cells made of optic nerve and send info to thalamus specifically to LGN

# data[].attributes.body
corena - protects eye, where light enters
pupil- ajustible opening controls how much light is let in
iris- color part of eye protects from damage and muscle contracts to let light in.
lens - transparent part of eye inside the pupil that focuses light onto retina (upside down) by changing curvature
Accommodation lens shape changes according o distance (round close, flat far
retina inner lining on the back of the eyeball that contains receptor cells sensitive to light
blind spot- point whee the optic nerve leaves the eye; no vision receptors here
Fovea- line of centrl focus hold only cones
Optic Nerve- carries visual info to the occupital lobe but 1st goes to the thalamus
optic chiasm- spot whee nerves cross each other left to tight tight to left
Later geniculate nucleus- area in thalamus that interprets images where it is flipped right side up

# data[].attributes.body
I can understand the parts and the path of vision

# data[].attributes.body
Just noticeable difference Weber law detected between 2 things 50% of the time
brighter the color the more brighter it has to get to be able to notice the difference
absolute threshold-finding the faintest amout of something
sub-threshold-learning something without knowing
difference threshold-telling the difference between things

# data[].attributes.body
I can understand the difference between absolute, subliminal, and different thresholds

# data[].attributes.body
perception comes from top down
sensation is bottom up
top down processing changes how features are perceived because it changes the way you see a picture etc.
sensory adaptation- when senses get use to something so you no longer hear/see/feel it anymore
intentional blindness-cant perceive something when attention isn't there
change blindness-magicians do this, environment changes
precentage change - difference threshold weber's law JND
absolute threshold - what you need to be able to precieve something 50% of the time smallest amount
difference thrshold - is the difference between that
weather - top down processes
orange ball and cup equals

# data[].attributes.body
folk
croak
soak
whats the white part of an egg called? -yolk
egg white
changed prectional set

# data[].attributes.body
I understand the difference between top down and bottom up processes of sensation and perception