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This is an example of intaglio printing

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This is an example of screen processing by hand

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This is an example of the linocut (right) with the finished product (left)

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This is a screenshot of Microsoft Publisher 2016

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This is an example of a tablet being used for desktop publishing

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This is a inkjet printer

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This is a laser printer

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This is a photocopier

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Creating and using machines to print onto a variety surfaces.

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When something is but on a surface via hand not by machine. E.g. hand made wedding invitations, hand made cards.

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Screen process:
Screen process is also know as silkscreen process. It uses a mesh cloth stretched over a wooden frame with the design in painted on the screen via a fix stencil, then a squeegee is used to force the colour through the material an area that are not block by the stencil. The difference between mechanical screen process and handmade screen process is that the mechanical is done via a machine were as the hand is done by a person.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
A advantage of mechanical screen process is that it is less time consuming as the machine does it for them where as previously they had to do it by hand.
A disadvantage of mechanical screen process is that if you had a design requiring multiple colours you had to do the first colour and wait for that to dry before you could do the next and then so on until you had got them all on.

Gravure:
Gravure is the process in which you transfer a image onto material. Gravure is used a lot in industry because of the high performance it delivers.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
A advantage of Gravure is that it create a very high quality picture. As a result of the high quality picture many companies in industry use gravure as a form of printing e.g. National Geographic used it when they first started creating their magazines.
A disadvantage of gravure is that it has a massive start up cost and you would have to make thousands in profit for it to be worth starting it.

Letterpress:
Letterpress is the oldest form of printing. It uses a heavy stencil and ink to print onto textured paper. Letterpress used to be used a lot in industry mainly in newspaper but now it is more of a novelty and is used for things like wedding invitations and business cards as it has a very unique and professional feel to it. Specifically with business cards it make you have your own unique selling point as letterpress business cards are extremely rare.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
A advantage of letter press is that it is atheistically pleasing as it has that classic feel to it. A disadvantage of letterpress is that is a very time consuming process and is also very expensive to start up as it is such a novelty not many places sell the resources to do it with.

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Lino cut:
Lino cut is a printing technique. it is done with a piece of woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum is used as a relief surface. The process starts with the design you have chosen been carved into the linoleum surface with a knife, therefore leaving a raised surface as the areas that the ink will represent in the final product.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
An advantage of linocut is that some people may find it athcetically pleasing because of the way in which it prints onto the material.
An disadvantage of linocut is that you have to specially skilled workers as it is has a very specific process to be able to do it well.

Screen process:
Screen process is also know as silkscreen process. It uses a mesh cloth stretched over a wooden frame with the design in painted on the screen via a fix stencil, then a squeegee is used to force the colour through the material an area that are not block by the stencil.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
A advantage of screen process is that the ink is heated to make it dry therefore meaning that it is more durable. Therefore meaning that if you are printing onto clothing, for example, more people will your product as the printing is less liking to peel of when it is washed or ironed as it is more durable because of the heating process.
A disadvantage of screen printing is that if you are using many different colours . Therefore this will have a effect on weather you can keep up to the demand of the consumer.

Intaglio:
Intaglio is a print process in which the areas in which you want to be printed are lowered so more pressure will be applied to these so that they are covered in ink. It has a place in industry as gravure is a form of intaglio printing. Ways in which it is used to print bank notes as it can print such realistic portraits and variant colours.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
A advantage of intaglio printing is that it can be used in making many thing not just print it can also be used to create things like jewellery and to put patterns onto metal jars (below).
A disadvantage of intaglio printing is that it is very expensive as you need so many tools. The effect that this has is that unless you are doing it as a job then it would not be done as a hobby as it is to expensive and they won't be making enough profit for it to be worth it.

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Photocopying: Photocopying is the process that allows you to enlarge, reduce or create a replica of an original image.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
An advantage of photocopying is that it you can create exact copies of originals but a disadvantage is that it would not be as successful in industry as some of the other types of printing are more efficient and more reliable than photocopying is.

Laser & Inkjet: Laser printing work through the use of positive and negatively charged atoms. The image you have chosen will electrically charge the paper therefore allowing the ink to stick to the paper where the atoms attract to create the image you want.
Ink jet printing works similarly to laser but instead ink jet splatters coloured dots onto the page therefore creating a more realistic image.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
An advantage of laser printing is that is is much more efficient than inkjet printing. A disadvantage of laser printing is that the cartridges are more expensive than the inkjet printer's toner.

An advantage of inkjet printing is that inkjet printing works with a range of paper types e.g. glossy or textured. This is an advantage as it means that people will use this method as they may need a printer that can print on various different paper types therefore this would be perfect for them. A disadvantage of inkjet printing is that while the printers can be fairly reasonable price to buy the running cost of the printer in the long term specifically with buying the ink cartridges for it can me expensive.

Desktop publishing:
Desktop publishing is where you have special software that is on the desktop computer. Desktop publishing allows you to produce high quality work using a range of different software or digital devices.

Advantages and disadvantages:
An advantage of desktop publishing is that you can use it over a variety of media types. For example you can get software like publishers and Photoshop on tablets and iPad's an then you can also print them from your iPad or tablet meaning it is more efficient for the user if they can design on the go an then they just need to print it off when they get access to a printer. It is also convenient to the user as we are living in a extremely digital world Desktop publishing means that people can now make high quality products from there own computers. A disadvantage of digital printing is that the software you require to print via desktop publishing is very expensive. For example, to buy Microsoft publisher 2016 it costs £109.99. This is a disadvantage as many people may not have that kind of many to be spending on software and they may also only be for a hobby as a sideline for there job so they may not feel like that they have got the money out of the software for the amount of time that they have used it.

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Digital printing is a method of printing a digital image onto a range of media. E.g. billboards, magazines, newspaper.