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This amendment prevents the people accused of going through any cruel or unusual punishments.

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This amendment allows a trial by jury to be held for certain civil disputes.

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This is speech directed at the overthrow of government. It is speech that attacks basic institutions of government, such as government leaders.

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In a trial, the accused person has a right to a fair and speedy trial. The jury must be impartial and the accused is allowed to have a lawyer.

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This Supreme Court case questioned whether the Japanese could be put in internment camps. Ultimately, it was decided that they could.

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Allows all citizens due process and says that a person cannot be forced to be a witness against himself when accused of a crime.

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Segregation that is usually caused by fact, not law. For example, the concentration of African Americans in certain areas.

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This amendment disallows unreasonable searches and seizures. No warrants are allowed to be issued unless there is probable cause.

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A person has the right to bear arms, as it is necessary to the security of a free country.

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Congress can make no law that prohibits your freedom of speech, press, peacefully protest, or petition the government if necessary.

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The Supreme Court decided that the passing of any state laws that establish a religious body is a direct violation of the Constitution.

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Judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. The first amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

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In the first amendment. It reserves the right of American citizens to accept any religious belief and engage in religious rituals.

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They test whether the government's action are "rationally related" to a "legitimate" government interest.

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Court case that decided that the sixth amendment's guarantee of a right to assistance to counsel applies to criminal defendants in state court by way of the fourteenth amendment

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Decided in 1986. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality - "separate but equal" doctrine.

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An enslaved African American man who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom. He resided in a free state but his previous owner claimed that slaves were property so he wasn't really free. The court agreed with the owner

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Landmark decision in 1973 in the Supreme Court that said that denying a women her right to an abortion was unconstitutional.

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Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.

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Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950's.

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An action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education, positive discrimination.

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These were required by the law. You needed to pass this if you wanted to vote. They were used to deny suffrage to African Americans

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Court case that decided that all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the fourth amendment is inadmissible in a state court.

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This clause is part of the 14th amendment. It says that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".

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A court case where the justices decided that the 5th amendment requires that law enforcement officials advise suspects of their rights to remain silent and to obtain an attorney during interrogations while in police custody.

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A court case in which all of the justices unanimously decided that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. It violated the 14th Amendment.
Decided that "separate but equal" was ultimately unequal.

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A Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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A constitutional doctrine through which the 1st ten amendments are made applicable to the states through the Due Process clause of the 14th Amendment.

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Speech that is a conduct that expresses an idea. Examples would be sit-ins, flag waving, or political buttons.

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A case where the Court found that any racial quota for the purpose of admissions supported by a gov entity violates the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment.
Student rejected even though his qualifications were higher than those of a minority.

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Reasonable grounds for making a search or pressing a charge.
Requirement in the 4th Amendment that must be met before the police does something.

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Refers to the legal separation of groups in society. A social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups.

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A characteristic used in applying a law, which a court will review subject to a strict scrutiny standard.
One example is race.

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The communication of ideas through the combination of language and action - such as protesting.

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A clause in the 5th Amendment that says a person can't be tried twice for the same crime.

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Acts as a safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the gov outside the sanction of law.
The 5th and 14th amendment both include the due process clause.

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The clause in the 1st Amendment of the Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.