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Rise of Nationalism: Nationalism was severed to unifying force with a country.
The increasing rivalry among European nations stemmed from several sources.
Austria-Hungary and Russia both tried to dominate in the Balkans, a region in southeast Europe

Imperialism and Militarism:
Another force that helped set the stage for war in Europe was imperialism
The quest for colonies sometimes pushed European nations to the brink of war
In addition, military experts stressed the importance of being able to quickly mobilize, or organize and move troops in case of war

Militarism: The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

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Nations take Sides:
By mid-August 1914, the battle lines were clearly drawn
Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire would later join the Central Powers in the hopes of regaining lost territories

Central Powers: In the heart of Europe

Allies: Great Britain, France, and Russia were known as the Allied Powers

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The Gallipoli Campaign:
A promising strategy for the allies seemed to be to end the stalemate
The effort to take the Dardanelles strait began in February 1915
By may, Gallipoli had turned into another another bloody stalemate

Battles in Africa and Asia:
In various parts of Asia and Africa, Germany's colonial possessions came under assault
Elsewhere in Asia and Africa, The British and French recruited subjects in their colonies or the struggle

America Joins the Fight:
In 1917 The focus of the war shifted to the high seas
The Germans had tried this policy before
Germany claimed that the ship had been carrying ammunition, which turned out to be true

unrestricted submarine warfare:Germans announced that their submarines would sink without warning any ship in the waters around Britain

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Woodrow Wilson: The United states
Georges Clemenceau: France

Wilson's Plan for Peace:
In January 1918, while war was still raging, President had drawn up a series pf proposals.
Known as the Fourteen Points
The first four points included and end to secret treaties, freedom of seas, free trade, and reduced national armies and navies.
The guiding idea behind these points was self-determination.
This reflected Wilson's hope for an organization that could peacefully negotiate solutions to world conflicts

Fourteen Points: Outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace
self-determination: allowed people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live

The Versailles Treaty:
A Paris Peace Conference opened, Britain and France showed a little sign of agreeing to Wilson's vision of peace
They also wanted to strip Germany of its war-making power
The differences in French, Britain, and U.S. aims lead to heated arguments among the nations' leaders

Treaty of Versailles:Germany and the Allied powers was signed on June 298, 1919, five years to the day after Franz Ferdinand's assassination in Sarajevo
League of Nations: Adopting Wilson's fourtenth point created League of Nations

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Bismarck Forges Early Pacts:
Between 1864 and 1871, Prussia's blood and iron chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, freely used war to unify Germany.
Bismarck saw France as the greatest threat to peace.

Triple Alliance: Italy joined the two countries

Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace:
In 1890, Germany's foreign policy changed dramatically.
A proud and stubborn born man, Wilhelm II did not not wish to share power with anyone
The army was his greatest pride

Kaiser Wilhelm II: Two years earlier had become ruler of Germany
Triple Entente: IN 1907, Britain made another entente, this time with both France and Russia

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Western Front: Deadlock region in northern France

The Conflict Grinds Along:
The plan called for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia.
German leaders knew they needed to win a quick victory over France

Schliefen Plan: Germany developed a battle strategy

War in the Trenches:
By early 1915, opposing armies on the Western Front had dug miles of parallel trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire
The space between the opposing trenches won the grim name "no man's land"

Trench Warfare: Soldiers fought each other in trenches

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Governments Wage Total War:
This meant countries devoted all their resources to the war efforts
In each country, the wartime government took control of the economy
Governments told factories what to produce and how much
Unemployment in many European countries all but disappeared

total war: World war 1
rationing: so many gods were in short supply that governments
propoganda: one sided information designed to persuade, to keep up morale and support for the war

Women and the War:
Total war meant that governments turned to help from women ass never before
Women built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, paved streets, and ran hospitals

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The Creation of New Nations:
The Western powers signed separate peace treaties in 1919 and 1920 with each other defeated nations: Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Turks were forced to give up almost all of their former empire
Russia, which had left war early, suffered land losses as well

"A Peace Built on Quicksand"
In the end, The treaty of Versailles did little to building the last piece
Many Americans objected to the settlement and especially to President Wilson's League of Nations
The United States worked out a separate treaty with Germany and its allies several years later

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A Restless Region:
By the year 1900s, The Ottoman Empire, which included the Balkan region, was in rapid decline
These peoples had formed new nations, including Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia
Russia, itself a mostly Slavic nation

A Shot Rings Throughout Europe:
Into this poisoned atmosphere of mutual dislike and mistrust stepped the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife Sophie
The royal pair was shot at point-blank range as they rode through the streets of Sarajevo in an open ca

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Eastern Front: both sides were sending millions more men to fight

Early Fighting:
at the beginning of the war, Russian forces had launched an attack into both Austria and Germany.
Russia forces defeated the Austrians twice in September 1914, driving deep into their country

Russia Struggles:
By 1916, Russia's war effort was near collapse
In the south, the Ottomans still controlled the straits leading from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea

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Russia Withdraws:
In March 1917, civil unrest in Russia due in large part to war related shortages of food and fuel forced Czar Nicholas to step down
However, by 1917, nearly 5.5 million Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed, or taken prisoner

The Central Powers Collapse:
Russia's withdrawal from the war at last allowed Germany to send nearly all its forces to the Western Front
Sensing this weakness, the Allies with the aid of nearly 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack

armistice: a agreement to stop fighting

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Rise of Nationalism:

Imperialism and Militarism:

Militarism:

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Summarize the new weapons that developed during the course of WWI:
The new weapons that were develop were made to be powerful and fast and they created a aircraft so they could drop bombs and made the aircrafts stronger

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General Notes:
World War 1 was, in many ways, a new kind of war
It involved the use of new technologies
It also left behind a landscape of death and destruction such as was never before seen
The war also had a devastating economic impact on Europe

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Bismarck Forges Early Pacts:

Triple Alliance:

Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace:

Kaiser Wilhelm II:
Triple Entente:

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A Restless Region:

A Shot Rings Throughout Europe: