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Clover is Boxer's companion, a motherly mare. Like Boxer, she's loyal and strong, but Clover is a wee bit more savvy than Boxer. When the pigs begin sleeping in beds, she thinks that she remembers a rule against animals sleeping in beds. Since Clover can't read, Muriel the goat reads her the commandment, "No animal may sleep in a bed with sheets". But Clover is actually right the commandment did say that animals couldn't sleep in beds. It was modified to "a bed with sheets" later. The problem is that Clover isn't cualify to fight back against the pigs.
She can't. She can't read, and she's not so good at using her words, so she can not expres her thoughts. Her thoughts are fuzzy; her language is worse. Clover may sense the hypocrisy, but without the language to express it, she has no choice but to go along with the pigs and watch Boxer be sent off to the glue factor.

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As horses are known for their strength, donkeys are known for their stubbornness, and Benjamin stubbornly refuses to become enthusiastic about the rebellion. While all of his comrades delight in the prospect of a new, animal-governed world, Benjamin only remarks, "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey." While this reply puzzles the animals, the reader understands Benjamin's cynical yet not-unfounded point: In the initial moments of the rebellion, Animal Farm may seem a paradise, but in time it may come to be another form of the same tyranny at which they rebelled. Of course, Benjamin is proven right by the novel's end, and the only thing that he knows for sure "Life would go on as it had always gone on that is, badly" proves to be a definitive remark about the animals' lives. Although pessimistic, he is a realist.

Benjamin has long-term vision: unlike anyone else, he remembers the past and thinks about the future, so he doesn't bother getting worked up over what he sees as passing phases or fads.

Maybe we can think  of Benjamin as a touch of Orwell. We'd buy it: he's definitely got the philosophical and distant air that Orwell's narrator adopts. But there's a crucial difference. Orwell speaks out against the injustices he sees, instead of just letting them unfold for his own twisted sense of humor.

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Mollie is stupid, vain, and materialistic.   From the very beginning, we get hints that she's not going to last long in the rebellion. She only cares about her self and her apearence and confortability. When the work begins, Mollie shows up late and leaves early. When there's fighting, she hides in her manger. And when life gets hard during the winter, she gets troublesome. Clover eventually sees Mollie letting one of the neighborhood men pet her nose, and soon after Clover and some other animals discover sugar hidden in Mollie's manger. In the end, Mollie runs off to be taken care of by humans. When Mollie runs off, the narrator notes that "none of the animals ever mentioned Mollie again". She's nothing but a bad memory a reminder that not everyone prefers life at Animal Farm.

Mollie is symbol for Russian middle class (bourgeoisie). They weren't exactly unfaithful to the Bolsheviks, but they weren't about to give up their confortable lives even if it was supposed to be for their own good in the long run. When the Bolsheviks asked them to give up their luxuries, many of them abandoned the cause and fled to the West.

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Czar Nicholas was the dictator of Russia during the time period before the revolution. As a result, dictatorship played a large part of the revolution. After Czar Nicholas was overthrown, the dictatorship system was replaced with a communist one, but it did not take long for the good intentions of the communist system to be overcome by the greed and dishonesty of the leaders of the revolution. In the end, the system that was established as a result of the Russian Revolution was no better than the one before. This was also portrayed in Animal Farm. In the beginning of the novel, Mr Jones, the dictator, was overthrown by the animals on the farm. The farm then established a system where all animals were equal. However, this system, much like the Russian revolution, the system was eventually twisted to their own needs by the pigs, and the farm gradually turned back into a dictatorship sys

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How Tsar Nicholas II relates to Mr. Jones from Animal Farm

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Since the novel is a metaphor of the Russian Revolution, Czar Nicholas II was portrayed through the character Mr Jones, the owner of the farm before he was overthrown by the animals. One of the similarities between Mr Jones and Czar Nicholas II can be seen through the income disparity of Russia during the revolution compared with the farm in the novel. During the period of time before the revolution took place, Czar Nicholas II lived in luxury while thousands of unemployed peasants struggled to survive. Even those who were employed endured abuse from their employers, and had long working hours for extremely low wages . In the novel, the distribution of resources was quite similar, when Mr Jones was still the owner of the farm. During that period, Mr Jones “does not give milk, does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits.”. While Mr Jones lived in luxury, the resources that the animals get was “the bare minimum that would prevent them from starving”. Another trait of Czar Nicholas that can be seen in Mr Jones is the Czar’s inability to rule over others. When Czar Nicholas II was crowned, he was never trained or inclined to rule . Mr Jones was also an inefficient leader for Animal farm. At the very start of the novel Mr Jones was already introduced as an alcoholic.

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When the pigs first begin talking up their ideas about Animalism, they have to "counteract the lies put about by Moses, the tame raven". Moses is the Joneses' favorite pet, a clever talker who tells the animals about a mysterious country called "Sugarcandy Mountain.
During the Rebellion, Moses flies off after Mrs. Jones and disappears for years. But he returns after the Battle of the Windmill and starts spreading the myth of Sugarcandy Mountain again. What's weird is that the pigs still insist that his stories are lies, but they "allowed him to remain on the farm, not working, with an allowance of a gill of beer a day. Moses is a symbol for the Russian Orthodox Church.
For centuries, the Russian Orthodox Church was buddy-buddy with the Russian monarchy (the tsars). When the Bolsheviks took over in October 1917, they declared that church and state would be separate for the first time in Russian history.
Bye-bye, Moses.
But Stalin wasn't satisfied with just kicking the Church out of power. Under his reign, the Soviets actively persecuted religion and religious authorities. Priests were executed; churches were defiled. However you feel about religion, it was pretty nasty.
Stalin declared that religion was obsolete; he wanted to replace religion with science and reason. His justification came straight from communism's founder Karl Marx, famously referred to religion as "the opiate of the masses." He thought of religion as a drug that kept workers calm so that capitalists could take advantage of them, Moses's "lies" that allow the farm animals to be exploited.
Attempting to drum up patriotic support for the war effort against Germany in 1941, he re-instituted the Church. Turns out, not only do a lot of people really like religion, it's also pretty useful to a totalitarian leader.
Like Stalin, like Napoleon: when things get worse, Napoleon lets Moses back in. It's easy to be cynical. Now that Napoleon and his dogs have become the oppressors, they once again see a need for the raven to go on and on about Sugarcandy Mountain, and they're all too happy to buy him off for "a gill of beer a day".

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A horse. Strong and hardworking, Boxer is extremely honorable, though not so intelligent. Boxer believes deeply in the revolution, so much so that he thinks the Animal Farm leader, who also leads the revolution, must be virtuous and wise. One of Boxer's favorite sayings is "Napoleon is always right." Boxer has the strength to overthrow Napoleon's dictatorship, but not the wit to realize that it is a dictatorship. Boxer devotes all his strength to supporting Napoleon, yet when that strength finally fails him, Napoleon betrays him.

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Boxer doesn't stand for a particular person: he's a symbol for all of the Russian working class (proletariat). And it's not a very flattering portrayal. Orwell might be a socialist, but he's not exactly pro-proletariat: he doesn't seem to have much respect for the average working stiff's intelligence. In fact, it sounds like he holds the proletariat partly responsible for helping Stalin come to power. Boxer may be hardworking and friendly, but the pigs could never have come to power without his strength—and his stupidity.

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Boxer in Animal Farm: Character, Allegory & Analysis - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Get to know Boxer, the hardworking but too trusting horse in George Orwell’s ″Animal Farm.″ Learn how Boxer is the backbone of the farm, but…

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Throughout his career, Orwell explored how politicians manipulate language in an age of mass media. In Animal Farm, the silver-tongued pig Squealer abuses language to justify Napoleon’s actions and policies to the proletariat by whatever means seem necessary. By radically simplifying language, as when he teaches the sheep to bleat “Four legs good, two legs better!", he limits the terms of debate. By complicating language unnecessarily, he confuses and intimidates the uneducated, as when he explains that pigs, who are the “brainworkers” of the farm, consume milk and apples not for pleasure, but for the good of their comrades. In this latter strategy, he also employs jargon  as well as a baffling vocabulary of false and impenetrable statistics, engendering in the other animals both self-doubt and a sense of hopelessness about ever accessing the truth without the pigs’ mediation. Squealer’s lack of conscience and unwavering loyalty to his leader, alongside his rhetorical skills, make him the perfect propagandist for any tyranny. Squealer’s name also fits him well: squealing, of course, refers to a pig’s typical form of vocalization, and Squealer’s speech defines him. At the same time, to squeal also means to betray.

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Napoleon raises nine dogs specifically to be his own little private army: he takes them from their parents as puppies, says that he'll "make himself responsible for their education," and then raises them in isolation from the rest of the farm. No wonder they become little monsters.

The dogs are the pigs' bodyguards, they intimidate and threaten the other animals to make sure that the pigs get their way in exchange for treats and cushy beds up at the farmhouse. The narrator is already foreshadowing the novel's end—the pigs are going to be just as bad or even worst than humans.

This nine dogs are symbols for the NKVD, Stalin's freaky and powerful secret police force. During the "purges," the secret police helped Stalin round up everyone who was perceived as a threat and then carried out their exiles or executions. Like the nine dogs, they were the violent force that allowed Stalin to remain in power.

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Although he is most directly modeled on the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, Napoleon represents, in a more general sense, the political tyrants that have emerged throughout human history and with particular frequency during the twentieth century. His namesake is not any communist leader but the early-eighteenth-century French general Napoleon, who betrayed the democratic principles on which he rode to power, arguably becoming as great a despot as the aristocrats whom he supplanted. It is a testament to Orwell’s acute political intelligence and to the universality of his fable that Napoleon can easily stand for any of the great dictators and political schemers in world history, even those who arose after Animal Farm was written. In the behavior of Napoleon and his henchmen, one can detect the lying and bullying tactics of totalitarian leaders such as Josip Tito, Mao Tse-tung, Pol Pot, Augusto Pinochet, and Slobodan Milosevic treated in sharply critical terms.

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From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolutio, not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of his power over it. Thus, the only project he undertakes with enthusiasm is the training of a litter of puppies.They become his own private army or secret police, a violent means by which he imposes his will on others.

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THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO - FULL AudioBook - by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

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As a parallel for Leon Trotsky, Snowball emerges as a fervent ideologue who throws himself heart and soul into the attempt to spread Animalism worldwide and to improve Animal Farm’s infrastructure. His idealism, however, leads to his downfall. Relying only on the force of his own logic and rhetorical skill to gain his influence, he proves no match for Napoleon’s show of brute force.

Although Orwell depicts Snowball in a relatively appealing light, he refrains from idealizing his character, making sure to endow him with certain moral flaws. For example, Snowball accepts the superiority of the pigs over the rest of the animals. Moreover, his fervent, single-minded enthusiasm for grand projects such as the windmill might have erupted into full-blown megalomaniac despotism had he not been chased from Animal Farm. Indeed, Orwell suggests that we cannot eliminate government corruption by electing principled individuals to roles of power; he reminds us throughout the novella that it is power itself that corrupts.

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Old Major and his strange dream represent Karl Marx and The Communist Manifest of 1848, in which Marx presents the evils of feudalism and capitalism, and the idealistic world of communism, thereby inspiring the Russian Revolution of 1917. Just like the revolution on Animal Farm, the Russian Revolution also started out with great intentions. Even the flags of Animal Farm and Soviet Communism resemble one another.

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Old Major is the oldest pig on the farm and is well respected. At the beginning of the book, he tells all the animals of a strange dream he had about a farm where all animals were equal because they kept what they produced. He further explains that animals don't have to live short lives, dominated by hard labor and hunger, all for the benefit of humans. He declares that man is, ''the only creature who consumes without producing.''