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Definition: The main meaning and message that the story is written around. This is what the author wanted to write about when he started to create this book.

The theme for Fatty Legs was residential school and how it affects aboriginal people. You see this message clearer and clearer as the story progresses. In some of the scenes the cruel behavior is very clear and its almost like it taunts you.

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Definition: A figure of speech that compares two things. This way of writing can be used for anything and is mandatory for high level writing.

"They were not family; they were like owls and raven raising wrens"
This simile was used in Fatty Legs. The reason that the author chose to describe the people as owls and ravens is because the two animals are very important in first nations culture. This quote describes the alienation and separation Olemaun felt and this is explained by how ravens dont raise wrens. This is how Olemaun describes the outsiders.

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Definition: A figure of speech that is used on a object or action that can't actually happen. This is often used with symbolism to make objects feel alive and helps the story express itself.

"The swan protecting me with her gentle wing."
This metaphor is a description of how Olemaun sees Sister MacQuillan. She is a swan to her and her kindness has made her seem like her guardian angel. This metaphor is describing how the swanlike sister protects Olemaun from the other nuns and students.

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Definition: A figure of speech that causes something that's not human to get human qualities. This is often used with symbolism to give objects or other non-human elements more importance.

"She thought of dainty dinner, of shining silverware, of tapestry that peopled the walls with folk of a past age and strange birds in faery forests"
The personification of the tapestry just means that the it has the design that shows the people from a past age and strange birds in faery forests. This personification doesn't raise the importance of the object but does make the writing more descriptive.

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Definition: A style of writing that is so descriptive that it evokes images from the readers mind. This is the bridge between good and great writing and is often seen with famous writers.

"She imagined silent antechambers, heavy with Oriental tapestries, lit by torches in lofty bronze sockets, with two tall footmen in knee-beeches sleeping in large arm-chairs, overcome by the heavy warmth of the stove."
This sentence was from the story "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant and it depicted the life of luxury that the main character wished for so desperately. You can really visualise the scenery inside the house that she is describing because of how descriptively the author writes.

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Definition: A certain drive that causes someone or something to want to do something.

In the book Fatty Legs Olemaun Pokiak was first jealous about how her sister was able to read and she wasn't. She has an incredible drive to learn how to read and she begged her father to go to residential school persistently until she was allowed to.

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Definition: A type of Irony that is evoked when an action caused the exact opposite of what was intended. This is used a lot in comedic situations because this can be interpreted as a complete fail or exactly what the character didn't want.

In the story "The Chaser" Alan purchases a love potion for a measly one dollar and falls for the trap that the old man lays. The love potion will not make his obsession Diana love him but will instead completely change her and make her obsessed with him. When he eventually gives her the potion he will find himself in a situation where he will have to return to the old man to purchase the poison.

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Definition: The place that a story takes place and the time that it takes place at. The setting can greatly affect other elements and devises that are listed here and is a crucial part of the story. There can also be an emotional setting. This usually changes as the story progresses and is a crucial part of immersing the reader into the world.

"Once there were two islands, Greenel and Graynel. They sat in the middle of the ocean with a wide stretch of deep water between them."

This is the start of the story "Two Islands" and it explains the setting in a simple and concise beginning that is how the story is designed.

As the story progresses the emotional setting between the two islands becomes conflict. This is because the people of Graynel want to make a bridge to Greenel so they can take advantage of the relaxing natural land they have. The president of Greenel rejected the idea of a bridge connecting the two islands because he knew that his island would become like the polluted mess that was Graynel.

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Definition: A sequence of events that happens as the story develops to keep the story going. This is necessary to keep complicated stories in line with the reader and add a new layer of complexity to books.

The plot in "Never Stop On The Motorway" is the chain of events that make up the chase. It starts when Diana notices the black van that is after her. It continues alongside the suspense as she exits the highway. From here the story slows down exponentially with descriptions but keeps along in a steady pace with the black van refusing to give up on the chase. Diana reaches her friends house and jumps out of her car to warn them. When her friend gets his gun to threaten the follower he reveals the real antagonist.

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Definition: Everyone has a different way of looking at a situation and that's the point of view. Changing the point of view can give readers conflicting feelings and makes people sympathize with each characters emotions. This is usually used in a simple way because constantly changing characters can confuse the reader.

In the story "Borders" point of vue switches regularly and it is the reason why the reader can relate to every character. Because you can read the thoughts of Latisha, the mother and the son, an argument can be made for each of their opinions on every situation. The author also made the switching points of vue very clear by pausing and using dots and symbols to indicate the change. This is the type of writing that enhances the debates and arguments that can be made for the story. It is more fun to talk about something when people have different opinions.

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Definition: An entire story or just a simple expression that secretly or indirectly references something. This is different from a theme as a theme is easily identified and is not hidden. An Allusion is a hidden purpose to the story that usually poses as an important and helpful piece of information.

The allusion that is in the background of the story "Two Islands" is how you shouldn't take nature for granted and you must not succumb to greed. I can say that this is an Allusion because of how the meaning is not written in the story but hidden behind the actions and consequences of the characters. The people of Greenel represent the ones who have found something above materials and money. The people of Graynel represent the ones who over indulged themselves into it.

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Definition: Mood is an internal feeling of a certain person. This can change with the setting. The Atmosphere is the feeling that a certain scene or situation expresses. Mood can greatly sway the Atmosphere of a situation.

When the main character in "The Necklace" Madame Loisel loses her friends diamond necklace she panics. The she is overcome with distress and she loses most of her hope when she cant find it. From here she changes character to a hardworking tough woman that is determined to buy the necklace. The mood changes to a desperate but determined emotion that makes the atmosphere of the story feel more action filled and fast paced than the slow depressing story it was.

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Definition: Characters are different and there are many types. There are round, flat, dynamic and static characters. These are present in all stories and are categories that characters in the story can be sorted into. Characterization is the creation of a unique character that can't be sorted easily and is more complex than normal characters.

Latisha the sister in "Borders" is a very dynamic character. She starts the story as the stereotypical teenager that doesn't want to obey any orders and wants to become independent. She matures as the story progresses through success and relationships to become an adult. By the end of the story she understands that her mother really cares about her and that she should appreciate her and where she comes from.

From the same story the mother of Latisha serves as the most static character. She is incredible proud of being Blackfoot and she will not call herself American or Canadian even is she had to wait between the borders for days. This stubborn nature is a real problem for the border guards and it leaves the reader wanting her to change. To their dissatisfaction she doesn't change at all and stays as the stubborn proud mom she started off as.

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Definition: Symbolism can come in objects, words or even actions and they all represent ideas and qualities of that are different than its original purpose. When a character acts of finds an object that has a great connection to the theme of the story this can spark ideas. The action or object that the character did or found represents something bigger than what it actually is meant to be.

The Raven, the Wren, the Swan and the Owl are all used as symbols in the story "Fatty Legs". The Raven represents darkness, the wise and the nuns. The Wren represents the brave and Olemaun. The Swan represents kindness, elegance and in the story Sister MacQuillan. Lastly, the Owl represents the smart, calm and in the story the family of Olemaun.

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Definition: A sudden flash of memories from the past that happened earlier in the story or are earlier than the story. This is often caused by actions but certain locations can cause this too. Flashbacks are usually used to explain unknown things in the current story.

"In a flood, the details of the murder that had taken place on the same road a few months before come rushing back to her."
This flashback occurred when Diana from "Never stop on the motorway" realized that she was being chased by the man in the black van. She realized that she was in real danger and this instantly kick started the suspense in the story.

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Definition: An indication of future events and warnings for the audience that the actors can't see. Sometimes the cast can see this but this is only if it's explained that how. This is used similarly to the Flashbacks and explains some confusing future events with clues.

In the story "The Chaser" the old man in the store sells potions. Alan, the protagonist of the story wants to buy a love potion to give to his obsession from the old man. When Alan asks him about the potions he makes the old man replies with the description of a very expensive poison he sells. Why he says this out of nowhere is understood at the end of the story when the reader understands that the love potion is a trap and that anyone who uses it will have to get rid of the person that it affects with the poison.

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Definition: This can be built by music, events, Flashbacks and Foreshadowing and builds an excitement and unsure atmosphere. Suspense at it's best will leave the audience clueless about what is going to happen but exited from the rising action.

The entire chase in the story "Never stop on a motorway" was the perfect example for suspense. The author kept slowing down the story with the inner thoughts of the panicking character and the descriptive chase scenes that makes the reader nervous. The author beautifully manipulates the fact that you're reading the story by making a high speed scene pop into your head like a movie.