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العصر الحديث

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العصر الحديث

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This is the last topic of this subject and the last era of arabic literature. As we know, the orientalists were the one that responsible in categorizing the era of arabic literature. It is because, they assumed that Arab people were uneducated so they (western people) think they need to help Arab people to become as educated as them. That is why they colonized Arab country. In this era, there are 4 levels which are الانبعاث, النهضة الحديث, المعاصر. There are also 2 most important harakah in this era, which are Harakah At-Tarjamah and Harakah At-Tanwir. The heroes of this era are Ibrahim Al-Yazji (from Syam), Ali Mubarak (from Egypt), Mahmud Shukri Al-Alusi (from Iraq)

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العصر الأندلسي

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العصر الأندلسي

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In this topic, we learned about the most glorious era which is Andalusiy. The name 'Andalusiy' originally came from the word 'Vandalos'. The community of Andalusiy was divided into multiple categories such as Al-Mawali (people coming from Arab), Al-Asliyyun (non Arab muslim), Al-Wafidun (Arab people coming from West side), Al-Barbar (come from Africa, most of them are the soldiers of Tariq ibn Ziyad and the last one is Al-Mamalik (come from Europe, they are businessman). Most of the people in this era were still Umawiy people. people in this era live in such a glorious life. There were a lot of entertainments. The culture of western people also being brought into this era. Many huge buildings built in this era. Nevertheless, the poems did not have much changes. One of the most famous poets was Wiladah (woman).

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العصر العباسي

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العصر العباسي

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In this topic, we learned about the arabic literature in the era of Abbasiy, after the collision of Umawiy. We should first bear in mind that even though this is the era of Abbaiy, but there are still some country that stick to the system of Umawiy. The founder of this era is Khalifah Harun Ar-Rasyid. This era is divide into three sub era which are the first era, the second era and the third era of Abbasiy. The poems in this era was developing because of the changes in their way of living at that time. And the poems also spread to the non Arab community as well. Some of the famous poets at this time were Abu Firas Al-Hamdani, Abu Tayyib Al-Mutanabbi and Imam Syafi'e. Fom this topic, we can clearly see how arabic literature especially poems being spread all over the world especially to the non Arab people.

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العصر الأموي 2

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العصر الأموي 2

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In this topic, we learned about the arabic literature in the era of Umawiy which is right after the death of Khalifah Ali ibn Abi Talib. Before we go any deeper into the arabic literature of this era, we should first know about the history of this era. It was the largest government in the history of Islam. It was first ruled by Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and from here, the ruling system started to become heirs system. Islam was spreaded to all over the world. Many non Arab people have embrace Islam in this era. While in the literature aspect, speeches are one of the most developing literature. There are some types of speeches which are religious speech, political speech, debate speech and others. Some of the famous speakers are Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, Ziyad ibn Abihi And Hujjaj ibn Yusuf. There are also some new systems introduced in this era such as the 'Diwan' system. Up until here, I can conclude that this era is the growing era of Islamic values in arabic literature.

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العصر صدر الإسلام

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العصر صدر الإسلام

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In this topic, we learned about the rise of arabic literature in the era of Islam. This era started since Muhammad pbuh was chosen as the Messenger until the end of  Khulafa' Ar-Rasyidin. In this era, the major change that happens is the religion of the people. When people start to embrace Islam, their way of making poems also change. Before Islam came, Arab people used to make poems about alcohol, how delicious alcohol or the way to make alcohol and something like that. Then, when Islam came, they changed the poems to something religious. They also make poems about the attitude of Muhammad pbuh. One of the good poet in this era is Hassan ibn Thabit and he is the poet of Rasulullah. He once wrote poems about the opening of Makkah after he got a dream of the situation and it eventually happens later on in real life. So, this era goes on until the dead of the last Khalifah which is Ali ibn Abi Talib. In this era, I can conclude that Islam brings a big effect in changing people life especially to the better ones.

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العصر الجاهلي

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العصر الجاهلي

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From this topic, I can conclude some important points especially related to the poem of this era. First, we need to understand the meaning of Jahiliyah itself. As we know, Jahiliyah does not fully refer to the ignorance or lack of knowledge among Jahiliyah people, but it refers to their behaviors which are silliness in attitude, hot-tempered and love to fight among them. In this era, they live according to their own group which is known as 'qabilah'. In each qabilah, they have a leader and some poets. Poetry is so important at that time as it will show how good your qabilah is according to how good the poem in each qabilah. There are some purposes of poetry, such as to compliment someone or to tell the situation of a particular war or something. Some of the good poets in this era are Imraul Qais and Labid bin Rabi'ah. It is also said that there are some secrets of a good poetry. One of them is their environmental. which is dessert. Living in hardship helps them in producing good poems. It is also said that each poets have their own 'Shaytan' that helps them to produce a good poem. Other than that, Jahiliyah people also have other literature than poems such as speech and story-telling. At the end of this topic, I can conclude that Jahiliyah people is the most educated people of all era as they have the best poems ever made.

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العصر الأموي

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العصر الأموي

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From this topic, I can learn a lot of things especially on the rise of this time. Islam was a great religion at that time as it was spread all over the world. Many countries were opened by Islamic leaders such as Constantinopel. It is because Islamic people at that time were all together in rising the religion. At the same time, we can also see that because of the misunderstanding between us, it will result in the fall of Islam. For example, the misunderstanding between Ali's side and Muawiyah's side that result to war.

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قصيدة البردة لكعب ابن زهير

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قصيدة البردة لكعب ابن زهير

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Based on this qasidah by Ka'ab bin Zuhair, I can simply conclude the most important part of the qasidah which is Rasulullah S.A.W had good manners especially in forgiving people. I feel totally mesmerized by the wonderful attitude of Rasulullah S.A.W. It somehow makes me feel a lot eager to meet him in Jannah, if Allah will. We can also clearly see how good and strong the Muslims were in that time until Ka'ab shivered in fear of getting killed by Sahabat. We somehow can see some of Musyrikin's behavior such as they are arrogant, they always telling lies and they love to belittle other people. Therefore, we should take it as a lesson so that we will not follow their bad attitude in our life.

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بانت سعادُ فقلبي اليومَ متبولُ ( البردة ) لكعب بن زهير  في مدح الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم

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قول أحمد شوقي

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قول أحمد شوقي