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Materials taken directly from nature that we process in to other materials to make products with.

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We prepare or refine raw materials to obtain natural materials.

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When we process raw materials they become processed materials.

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HARDNESS- The resistence of the materials.
TOUGHNESS- The resistence of a material to being  broken.
DEFORMABILITY- The ability of a material to be deformed.
DUCTILITY- The ability of a material to be stretched into a wire.
MALLEABILITY- The ability of a material to be press into a sheet.

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The most popular metal is iron. Metals that contain mainly iron are called ferrous metals. Metals that don´t contain iron ae called non-ferrous metals.
FERROUS METALS: depending on the percentage of carbon in the alloyd. Can be classified as: iron, steel and cast iron.
-Iron: When the percentage of carbon is less than 0.1% we called it iron.
-Steel: it is mainly made of iron (0.1%) and carbon (2%).
-Cast iron: it is made of iron (2%) and carbon (6.67%).
NON-FERROUS METALS: metals that don´t contain iron in their composition.
-Copper: bright, red-colour metal that has been used since ancient times.
-Tin: a silver-colour, shiny metal; it is resistant.
-Aluminium: white, shiny, cheap and easy to recycle.
-Zinc: bluish-white in colour and is one of the least common metals

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CHARACTERISTICS:
-Tensile strength (good in longitudinal direction and poor in the transverse direction)
-Compressive strength (it is better in the transverse direction that in the longitudinal direction)
-Flexural strength (it is good in the tranverse direction)
-Hardness (this can vary a lot)
-Toughness (wood is tough)
-Thermal and electrical conductivity (it is very low)
-Sound conductivity (good. Its is used to make certain musical instruments)
-Colour (different woods of different colours)
-Density (wood is a light material)

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Man-made wood: enhances the properties of natural wood and reduces its price.
-PLYWOOD: is from by an odd number of thin wood layers.
-CHIPBOARD: is obtained from wood chips that are mixed with resin and then pressed
Wood derivatives: are usually obtained from leftover wood.
-PAPER: is obtained by forming a paste out of wood and plant fibres.
-CARDBOARD: is made by compressing several layers while it is wet.
-CORK: is  obtained from the bark of the cork oak. It is waterproof lightweight and a good
insulator.