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Between the most important facts of 1861 we remember the First Battle of Bull Run, which was the first large battle of the American Civil War. It was fought on July 21, 1861 from the Confederacy against the unprepared Union in Manassas, in northeastern Virginia. He won the Confederacy.

Many curious (men, women and children) excitedly traveled from Washington to watch the two armies fight as if it were a game, but then they realize that the Civil war was a harsh reality. Bull Run was also the first battle in American history where railroads were utilized for the transport of soldiers. In fact it played a key role in the Confederate victory, allowing reinforcements to rapidly reach the battle field.

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The Northern States approved laws in order to abolish slavery, while the Southern ones continued practicing it, as their economy was founded on cotton plantations.

North: industrialised, prosperous and urbanised; South: economy based on agricolture.

North: favoured a protectionist economic system, because they couldn’t compete with the southern cotton production which was low-cost; South: wanted the free trade, with the aim of selling cotton and buying goods from every nation.

North: didn’t want the secession, because it was against the will of the founding fathers (who wanted the perpetual union); South: wanted it, as they thought it was their right.

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In 1865 the first Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was born. It was made up of people who wanted to highlight white supremacy power and had as a main goal the purification of American Society. It was completely against Jews and black people, specially in the South.
They usually made their own costumes (big pointy hats).
This clan caused lots of death by murder and physical assault. The clan was stopped by federal law enforcement in 1871 and after that two more KKK were born.

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On the 14th of April 1865 a group of Confederate sympathisers from Maryland. plot to assassinate President Lincoln. Lincoln is shot in his box at the Ford Theatre in Washington D.C. by John Wilkes Booth and dies early the next morning.
the conspirators are arrested and hanged and Andrew Johnson becomes President.

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The war was fought between northern states, guided by Abramo Lincoln, who was the president of northern states, and southern states, guided by Jefferson Davis, who was the president of Confederate States, a politic and an american soldier who fought in the army with the southern states, and Alexander Hamilton Stephens ( President and vice President of Confederate States). The northern States were Republicans, while the southern States were Confederates.
Nobody else intervened despite the Confederates expected that the European States would intervene as they were dependent on cotton.

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The war was fought between the United States and the CONFEDERATE STATES.
The U.S. had more states involved and so more inhabitants as the C.S..
With the United States we can name: Oregon, California, Nevada Territory (it's called territory because they didn't have their own government), Dakota Territory, Nebraska Territory, Colorado Territory, Utah Territory, New Mexico Territory, Indiana Territory, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Maine, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Utah and New Hampshire.
For the Confederate States we see involved: Texas, Florida, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia.

Pillow States:
The pillow States were in the middle of the war between northern and southern states. They were 5: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and West Virginia. They had decided not to partecipate in the war because they often did not know which party to opt for. It is precisely there that the war was bloodier and brutal.

Main Battles:
-Battle of Atalanta (1864) fought in Georgia

-Battle of Pea Ridge (1862), Arkansas

-Second Battle of Bull Rum (1862), Virginia

-Battle of Shiloh (1862), Tennessee

-Battle of Antietam (1862), Maryland

-First Battle of Bull Rum (1861), Virginia. This was the first battle that was fought during the Civil War

-Battle of Gettysburg (1863), Pennsylvania. It was the most important battle fought during the Civil War between 1st and 3rd of July.
FACTS: The Union army was commanded by Major General George G. Meade (1815-72) and was 82,289 men strong, while the Confederate army was commanded by Robert E. Lee and was 75,000 men strong.