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the story starts out in a one story, one bedroom house
~ is surrounded by various nature elements along with a train
~ within a small neighbor but everyone knew each other

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Permanency does not exist

Neighborhood changes drastically, with new buildings replacing the older ones

All of the residents move out after rent is raised

Cross at the corner for a boy who died in a car accident eventually removed

New apartments placed at the empty lot in the neighborhood

Cultural differences lead to assimilation

Classmates tease Josefina about her mother's work

Josefina is encouraged to learn English

Josefina comments how Tony's voice is sometimes like her mother's and other times like her white teacher's

Hispanic council members work against their own community

Mother obtains a new job, which she is unhappy with, and leaves behind her old one that was based on tradition

Going against / challenging circumstances

Modesta mentioned various times, represents taking a stand

Doña Carmen refuses to throw away broken angels from collection

Josefina puts up signs in front of homes, stating a rejection of a potential future eviction

Doña Carmen enters a legal battle with the city to keep her house

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There is a mix of English and Spanish all throughout the story.

Reinforces the concept of cultural diversity in society

Illustrates the cultural clash many immigrants experience

EX: Tony calls Josefina "Josie", meanwhile Josefina's mother insists he call her by her actual name. This shows a struggle derived from cultural differences, along with hinting at how some people assimilate and learn to fit into society.

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~Josefina is growing up and remember past events up, such as growing up in a small home in kindergarten
~her mother is a "currendera", calling her a witch, which led to her being bullied in school
~Josefina continues to narrate her story, being in the fourth grade she shared a house with Tony
*Tony does not own the kitchen, Josefina's mom does, believing that men can    not cook
~Throughout the story we see the mother struggle with their rent and worrying on moving
~End of the novel the mother works night shifts in order to pay her rent, she sleeps alone, does not continue the story furthermore and ends it at the start of another day

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Josefina

Narrator

Elementary school student

Isolated

Mother

Healer

Immigrant

Helps the town

Not fluent in English

Preserves traditions/culture

Doña Carmen

Neighbor from across the street

Babysitter of Josefina

Widow

Distinct garden

Owns collection of angels

Speaks to Modesta

Tried to legally fight for her property

Tony

Neighbor

Artist

Assimilated into white society

Art made from thrown-out items

Often helped Josefina and her mother in their home

Modesta Avila

Protested for her rights

Inspiration to people fighting for their land (such as Doña Carmen)

Involved with protests at a young age

Represents perseverance and hope

Lalo and Yesenia

Lived with Josefina and her mother

Recently had a child