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Computer worms are a malware that replicates from a computer to others and can do it without user interaction, travelling via software vulnerabilities and arriving as spam email attachments and instant messages. Then when downloaded, they can delete and modify files. The complex “Stuxnet” was the first computer worm to be used as a cyber weapon and was discovered in 2010 by two security researchers after incidents in Iran. It was concluded to be targeting an Iranian power plant as sabotage of the production of nuclear weapons, a task at which it failed.

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Can cost up to millions. High performance computers. 

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Trojan horses

A Trojan horse or Trojan is a type of malware that is often disguised as legitimate software.

There are a wide variety of Trojan viruses on the Internet landscape that can perform an array of tasks. Most Trojans are typically aimed at taking control of a user’s computer, stealing data and inserting more malware on to a victim’s computer.

These are some of the most common types of trojan hore virus:

Backdoor Trojan - These Trojans can create a “backdoor” on a users’ computer, allowing the attacker access to the machine in order to control it, upload stolen data and even download more malware onto the computer.

Downloader Trojan - The main purpose of these Trojans are to download additional content onto the infected computer, such as additional pieces of malware.

Infostealer Trojan - This Trojan’s main objective is to steal data from the infected computer.

Remote Access Trojan - This Trojan is designed to give the attacker full control over the computer.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Trojan - This Trojan performs DDoS attacks, which are designed to take down a network by flooding it with traffic.

Trojans aren’t just problems for laptop and desktop machines. They can also impact your mobile devices as well. Generally speaking, a Trojan comes attached to what looks like a legitimate program, however, it is actually a fake version of the app, loaded up with malware.

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Spyware

Spyware is software that aims to gather information about a person or an organisations.

It is classified into four types: adware system monitors, tracking cookies and Trojans. Other examples of notorious types include digital rights management capabilities that phones home, key loggers rootkits and web beacons.

To prevent it you can get an anti-spyware application and use a layered-defence. If you use an anti-spyware, an antivirus, a firewall and an anomaly detection/intrusion prevention software then your device is less likely to get viruses or spyware.

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Phishing was first mentioned in a newspaper in 1980s and it described a technique
The term was used by well-known spammers and hackers in the mid-90s
In 2001 the first known direct attempt against a payment system was effected it was followed up by a post 9/11 check
In 2003 1.2 million computer users in the united states suffered loss’s caused by phishing costing 929 million
In 2005 in the uk losses from web banking fraud cost 23.3 million while 1 in 20 computer users claimed to have lost out due to it
In 2006 almost half of phishing thefts were committed by groups operating through the Russian business network they started to target customers of banks
2007 3,6 million adults lost 3.2 billion in 12 months
2008 the rapid share file sharing site was targeted by phishing to obtain a premium account which removes speed caps on downloads and auto removal of uploads.
Phishing has been growing ever since getting worse, there are anti phishing websites that publish exact messages that have been circulating the internet and offers details about it.  There is now user training on how to recognise phishing attempts. There are browser alerts on fraudulent websites
There are loads of different types of phishing types such as spear phishing this is a specific threat to a specific individual, clone phishing is an email containing an attachment or link has had its content and recipient address taken and used to create an almost identical or cloned email. Whaling- the content will be crafted to target an upper manager and the person's role in the company.

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Describe this type of computer

A computer that was made for the general use of individual users.

What is the amount of storage capacity a modern computer has?

50KB

Are these types of computer portable?

No.

Who uses this type of computer and what for?

Individual users.

Defines a computer designed for general use by a simple individual

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Can cost up to millions. High performance computers. Some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are comprised of multiple high performance computers. The best known supercomputers are built by Cray Supercomputers.

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·         Server

o   A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network.

o   Servers have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives. The next type of computer cam fill and entire room.

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The laptop is a computer that can be ported and has one battery operated package that contains a hard drive, keyboard, processor, memory, display and a trackball or pointing device. They can connect to the internet via WIFI. Downsides are low battery life, mouse track, low storage, bad memory, screens can be small, difficult to upgrade and difficult to get correct updates.

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In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor. The term mainframe has fallen out of use in favour of enterprise server. Mainframes first came to life in the post-World War II era, as the U.S. Department of Defence ramped up its energies to fight the Cold War. They help to secure countless sensitive transactions, from mobile payments to top-secret corporation information.