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Spring tides happen during the 3ed quarter and the first quarter phase of the moon. Neap tides are when The low tides and high tides are closer together. This happens because the moon's and the sun's gravity are fighting each other causing weaker tides in general.

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Why do high tides and low tides happen. The moon's force pulling on the earth

and its oceans with different strengths the pull on the nearside ocean is the strongest because it's the closest so it moves most towards the moon the earth also moves towards the moon but not so much as it's further away finally the far side ocean moves towards the moon. This is repeated 2 times a day for 2 low and 2 high. That is how high and low tide work.

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Spring Tides happen during the Full Moon or New Moon. When a Spring Tide happens it causes there to be a big difference between the low and high tides.  Why does this happen? They happen because when the sun and moon get in line they create a strong gravitational pull making the waters come up more. That also means water in low tide places are going to high tide making the normal low tide lower

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Space Science Tutorial: Spring and Neap Tides

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Talks about the longest Lunar Eclipse in history which actually happened just this year! I knew we had a Lunar Eclipse over the summer but I didn't know it was the longest in history

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Including phases where the moon is partially masked, the event will last nearly four hours total

smithsonian.com

For any stargazers out there feeling eclipse withdrawals, the universe has good news: the longest lunar eclipse of the 21st century will occur on the evening of July 27. The bad news? If you're reading this within U.S. borders, you won't be able to watch from home.

This eclipse will be completely visible in Eastern Africa and Central Asia from 3:30 p.m. to 5:13 p.m. EDT, while viewers in Western Africa, Eastern Asia, South America, Europe, and Australia will catch a partial glimpse, according to Temi Adebowale at Popular Mechanics. Including phases where the moon is partially masked, the event will last nearly four hours total.

Unlike solar eclipses like last year's much-hyped summer spectacular, in which the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, blocking the sun from view, a lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the moon and the sun, obscuring the moon from the sun's illumination. So, rather than darkened skies, viewers will be treated to a ruddy red visage that's often dubbed a "blood moon" (though the most finicky reserve this term for a series of four consecutive lunar eclipses).

Eerie as it may be, the moon's face appears rouged for the same reason the sky looks blue to our eyes. Though concealed by the sun, the moon is still flecked with a few stray particles of light filtered through Earth's atmosphere. Air on Earth scatters shorter-wavelength light, including most of the blues and greens (which trickle down to us on the planet's surface), leaving the longer reds to spotlight the moon.

The reason this lunar eclipse will be a particularly long one is because the moon will be passing almost directly through the central part of Earth's shadow, while the moon is at a particularly distant point from Earth in its monthly orbit. During the summer months, Earth also swings out to its furthest distance from the sun, allowing it to cast a particularly long shadow. These three factors are what have lengthened the duration of July's eclipse to 1 hour and 43 minutes, which NASA estimates will be the longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century. To put this in perspective, it falls just four minutes shy of the longest lunar eclipse possible for Earth's most faithful satellite.

As an added celestial bonus, around the same time, stargazers may spot Mars at its closest position to Earth in 15 years, making the red planet appear about 10 times brighter than usual. Peak proximity will occur at 3:50 a.m. EDT on July 31. Yankee night owls, rejoice-this phenomenon will be visible worldwide. And the lucky viewers abroad may have the chance to see both celestial bodies enrobed in crimson at once.
Update, July 23, 2018: This piece's headline has been changed to reflect that the eclipse is occuring this week.
For those outside the lunar eclipse's line of sight, the Virtual Telescope Project will be livestreaming the moon's descent into darkness beginning at 2:30 p.m. EDT.

Because the line of view is directed at the moon instead of the sun, lunar eclipses, unlike solar eclipses, are completely safe for full frontal viewing. So for any presidents that might be reading this, don't worry: this time, it's OK to stare.

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About Katherine J. Wu

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The Century's Longest Lunar Eclipse Will Shroud the Moon This Week

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smithsonian.com For any stargazers out there feeling eclipse withdrawals, the universe has good news: the longest lunar eclipse of the 21st century will occur on the evening of July 27. The bad news? If you're reading this within U.S. borders, you won't be able to watch from home.

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This dives more in depth into the Solar Eclipses. It talks about things like how to view it safely, the Corona, more spiritual and history stuff.

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Humans have recorded solar eclipses for millennia, and references to them can be found in some of humanity's earliest texts, such as ancient Chinese academic documents. Debate even swirls around a line from Homer's Odyssey-"The sun has been obliterated from the sky"-and whether it can be tied to a historic eclipse.

Through the ages, the sudden darkening of the sun has been seen as a signal of the displeasure of the gods or an omen of bad things to come. But once astronomers figured out how solar eclipses worked, they became events to be studied and celebrated.

Solar eclipses happen only during a new moon, when the lunar orb moves between Earth and the sun. However, because the moon orbits Earth at a slight angle, the three bodies will only periodically line up on the same plane to create a solar eclipse.

During a total solar eclipse, the moon is in just the right position to briefly cast a shadow on our planet. As the moon moves and Earth spins, this shadow races across the planet's surface at some 1,400 miles an hour, creating a relatively narrow line called the path of totality. Only sky watchers within this line-typically 10,000 miles long and just 100 miles wide-experience a total solar eclipse. People near it see only a partial solar eclipse, in which not all of the sun is blotted out, while those farther away see no change at all.

Seeing a solar eclipse can be an unforgettable experience, but experts urge caution. Looking directly at the sun with your naked eyes, or through unprotected telescopes or binoculars, can cause eye damage and even permanent blindness. Special eclipse glasses that filter out the sun's most damaging rays can allow you to view the phenomenon safely, as can instruments fitted with solar filters, or simple devices called pinhole cameras that let you see a solar eclipse indirectly.

Following the path of totality

A total solar eclipse begins as a barely perceptible nibble out of the sun. Over the next hour or so, the darkness spreads and eventually consumes the solar disk, turning day to night. This state, called totality, can last as long as seven and a half minutes, although it is usually less than that. During totality, some stars and planets become visible, the air temperature drops, and animals from insects to cows may change their behavior. This brief phase is the only time it's safe to look at an eclipse with your naked eyes.

The only visible part of the sun during totality is its corona, the faint and normally unseen outer atmosphere that shimmers in the darkness like a fiery ring. Astronomers can use solar eclipses to study the corona from the ground, gathering clues to its behavior that may one day help solve the mystery of why the sun's upper atmosphere is actually hotter than its surface.

In 1919 Sir Arthur Eddington's expedition to watch a total solar eclipse from the island of Príncipe, off the west coast of Africa, helped confirm Einstein's general theory of relativity. According to Einstein's work, gravity from massive objects should warp the fabric of spacetime and so bend light.

Eddington realized that a total solar eclipse would provide the perfect test bed for this prediction, since light coming from much more distant stars should get bent ever so slightly as it passes by the sun, and the eclipse would allow scientists to see stars close enough to the sun's edge to detect this minuscule change. The experiment was a success, and news of the result helped launch Einstein into scientific stardom.

Total solar eclipses are only visible on Earth because of a lucky coincidence: The moon's diameter and distance from Earth make its relative size just big enough to cover the sun's disk. If the moon were any smaller or farther away, we would see only partial eclipses. In fact, measurements of the distance between Earth and the moon show that our cosmic companion is slowly spiraling away from us, and in a billion years or so, the moon will have drifted so far from Earth that total solar eclipses will no longer occur.

In addition, the moon's orbit around Earth is not a perfect circle, and its precise distance changes with each orbital cycle. Even today, sometimes the moon's apparent size is too small to fully cover the sun during an eclipse. When this happens, we see what's called an annular eclipse, also dubbed a ring of fire. In this case, the moon appears as a blackened circle surrounded by sunlight. Even during its total phase, it's not safe to view this kind of eclipse without proper eye protection.

Total solar eclipses occur every one or two years, on average, and partial and annular eclipses are only slightly more frequent. Because solar eclipses are visible from such a small area on Earth each time, the chance of observing one from any single spot is less than once in a lifetime.

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Solar Eclipses, Total Eclipse Information, News, Facts, Photos -- National Geographic

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Humans have recorded solar eclipses for millennia, and references to them can be found in some of humanity's earliest texts, such as ancient Chinese academic documents. Debate even swirls around a line from Homer's Odyssey -"The sun has been obliterated from the sky"-and whether it can be tied to a historic eclipse.

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Tides are caused by the moon and its gravitational pull on the earth. There are 2 high and low tides everyday 2 in the daytime 2 in the night around 6 hours apart. There are also neap tides and spring tides which are when we have tides that there isn't a big difference in high and low and where there is a huge gap.

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As the moon goes in between the Earth and the Sun which causes a shadow. If you are in the Umbra that means you are in the path of totality where you can see the sun being blocked out. There is also a PEnumbra where you can see a much more light space because the Sun won't be fully blocked.

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Solar Eclipses happen when the New Moon goes in between the Sun and the Earth. This causes the moon to black out the sun and make sky go dark. There are two types of Solar Eclipses the total where most or the whole sun is blocked out and the partial Eclipse where some of the sun gets blocked out

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This shows the Lunar Eclipse including the Umbra and Penumbra

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This is for questions like why don't we have one every month. Well That is because the moons orbit around the Earth is tilted so it becomes more rare. Why is it red? Well the Moon during the Lunar Eclipse is red because when the Earth is in between the sun and the Moon it blocks out most light waves except red. Although if it is not a total eclipses it could get be a dark shadow on the moon. Also depending on the amount of ash/ dust in the atmosphere it could show up as a dark black.

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Lunar Eclipses are quite the spectacle, Lunar Eclipse also known as the Blood Moon happens when the Full Moon gets directly in front of the Earth. If the moon is caught in the umbra it is a Total Eclipse as it is the central cone. While A partial happens when the moon goes into the penumbra/ outer cone.

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I choose this article because it talks about the newly announced Space X's plan to make space travel a full on business.

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Yusaku Maezawa, a Japanese entrepreneur, will be the first private passenger to hitch a ride on the SpaceX BFR, returning to a part of space untouched by humans since the final Apollo mission in 1972.

He rented the entire BFR for a weeklong journey around the moon in 2023, and he plans to take six to eight artists who can capture the inspiration of space from a new vantage point.

"For me, this project is very meaningful," Maezawa said Monday night during the webinar announcement.

SpaceX has signed the world's first private passenger to fly around the Moon aboard our BFR launch vehicle-an important step toward enabling access for everyday people who dream of traveling to space. Find out who's flying and why on Monday, September 17. pic.twitter.com/64z4rygYhk
- SpaceX (@SpaceX) September 14, 2018

The evening fell in line with SpaceX founder Elon Musk's tendency for theatrics. He launched a cherry-red Tesla Roadster into space in February, and he talks frequently about colonizing Mars. He previously announced a moon tourism trip, with passengers that were never named and a different rocket that is no longer slated to carry people.

He has a reputation for performance, too, with 63 launches and the recovery of 29 first-stage rocket boosters. Fifteen of those boosters were flown again.

There is no question he brings an excitement to space that many feared was lost forever. Monday's splashy webinar was yet another chapter in this performance.
MORE: SpaceX success gives Texans reason to cheer
Maezawa is the founder of ecommerce site ZOZO, which gives customers a body suit that, using the ZOZO app, takes precise measurements. They can then use those measurements to buy clothes online.

His reason for renting out the BFR was simple: he has long been inspired by the moon and has noticed others being inspired. He cited Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night, the Beatles' Mr. Moonlight and other works of art inspired by the moon.

Scott Hubbard, adjunct professor in Stanford University's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and former director of NASA's Ames Research Center, said NASA has long talked about sending people into space who can reflect on the human meaning and significance of seeing the world from above.

"The idea has been floating around for decades," he said.

Maezawa will be riding aboard a new vehicle that SpaceX is still building and has yet to undergo a test flight. The BFR is expected to be more powerful than the Saturn V rocket that NASA used to propel astronauts to the moon, and it will dwarf the SpaceX Falcon Heavy that snagged headlines earlier this year as the world's most powerful operational rocket.

With that size comes engineering challenges, Hubbard said, though he added that the entire world has learned not to bet against Musk.

"Building any new rocket is a major challenge," Hubbard said. "Historically, new rockets have had a high failure rate."

The BFR launch vehicle system has both a first-stage rocket booster for escaping Earth's atmosphere and an upper-stage spaceship for people. The vehicle's two components together would stand 387 feet tall, longer than a football field.

Its Raptor engine has begun testing in McGregor, Texas, where every single SpaceX engine undergoes testing before racing toward space. SpaceX is also in the early stages of building a launch facility on the Gulf Coast near Brownsville.
MORE: SpaceX engineers put rocket engines through their paces
Bill Ostrove, space market analyst for Forecast International, said it's hard to estimate when - or to guarantee if - SpaceX will launch Maezawa on a journey around the moon. Musk has a tendency of announcing grandiose plans that he doesn't always completely meet, or meet within his projected timeframe.

"Though with that being said, SpaceX has had a lot of success in achieving their goals," Ostrove said, "so I think they will eventually."

It has been a rough year for Musk's public image. Monday's announcement comes after a string of his actions have brought on criticism. Musk smoked pot during a podcast interview, spontaneously Tweeted about taking Tesla private (which media outlets are reporting could have spurred scrutiny from federal securities regulators), and called a Thai cave rescue diver a "pedo," bringing on a lawsuit from the diver.

The space announcement, on the other hand, is a positive for Musk. And after Mars had stolen the spotlight for many years, Musk is among many in the space sector returning their focus to the moon.

President Donald Trump is directing NASA to return astronauts to the moon. And many in the scientific community are touting the moon as a great place to practice deep-space missions. Any launch vehicles, spaceships, infrastructure built on the moon or orbiting the moon - all these could be rededicated to Mars in the future, Ostrove said.
RELATED: Q&A: George W.S. Abbey, former director of the Johnson Space Center, on the moon and mars
SpaceX is also part of a space tourism market that, overall, is making strides. Blue Origin has been testing its New Shephard space vehicle with a dummy, Mannequin Skywalker, onboard to collect data on how passengers would fare during a flight.

Virgin Galactic, which takes off horizontally with a spaceship attached underneath its custom-made airplane, has recently conducted tests that power on the spaceship after its release from the plane, instead of just allowing it to glide.

John Spencer, an outer-space architect and founder of the Space Tourism Society, is confident that space tourism will one day be the biggest industry in zero gravity, surpassing research, asteroid mining, satellites and other industries.

He credits the SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch, propelling the Tesla Roadster into space, which then allowed SpaceX to share photos of the Tesla silhouetted against the Earth, for making the world pay attention to space. The launch highlighted that space isn't just for military, science and technology.

"We don't have to go out to space. We want to," Spencer said. "We want to as a species to explore. We want to have new experiences."
RELATED: Space tourism: Houston startup announces hotel for the final frontier
Exploration was a major focus of Musk's speech Monday night. He reflected on the company's journey over the past 10 years. September 2008 was the first time SpaceX launched into orbit. Its three previous attempts had failed, and the company wouldn't have had another attempt if that flight wasn't a success.

This year, he marveled at launching the Falcon Heavy and announcing its first private citizen. And he emphasized the role BFR can play in becoming a multi-planetary species, the entire purpose of SpaceX's creation.

Becoming a multi-planetary species, a spacefaring species, is something that should make people optimistic about the future. And it could help stave off disaster.

"There could be some natural event or some man-made event that ends civilization as we know, or life as we know it," Musk said, "so it's important that we try to become a multi-planet civilization."

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SpaceX names first private passenger to fly around the moon

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Yusaku Maezawa, a Japanese entrepreneur, will be the first private passenger to hitch a ride on the SpaceX BFR, returning to a part of space untouched by humans since the final Apollo mission in 1972.

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In this picture it shows the cycle of the moon around the earth with the sun on the right and earth in the middle.

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In order the phases are:
New

New Moon

Waxing Crescent.

First Quarter

Waxing Gibbous

Full Moon

Waning Gibbous

Third Quarter

Waning Crescent

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The Phases of moon are caused by the moon reflecting the sun's rays. This is why the moon seems like it gives out its own light, as the moon rotates around the sun we see some of the light and the dark part. This is how we see phases.

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Experiment where you get a foam ball, a pencil to hold up the ball, and a light source. While doing this the room must be dark. And you must be in a fixstated point to the light. You will be able to see the other phases while turning 360 degrees,

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Educator Guide: Moon Phases | NASA/JPL Edu

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Students learn about the phases of the moon by acting them out.

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