# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
That '70s Show - Funniest Scenes - 5x25 1/2

# data[].attributes.headline
Kitty Upset That Her Son Is Moving Out After Graduation

# data[].attributes.subject
Kitty Upset That Her Son Is Moving Out After Graduation

# data[].attributes.headline
That '70s Show fashion trend represents the 70s era

# data[].attributes.subject
That '70s Show fashion trend represents the 70s era

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In this semiotics analysis I will analyze various aspects of the popular television show That 70s Show. My semiotics analysis will look at the relationships between characters, diversity in relationships, the ideology of the show and aspects of it as well as "The Circle" and its significance to society and the characters within the show.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Every That '70s Show fan has a favorite character, favorite episode, or even a favorite "Circle" moment. But how well do you know the show? Check out some interesting facts about the series and the Wisconsin gang.

1. Chuck Norris Almost Played Red Forman

We said everyone has a favorite character, and let's be honest: it's Red. And Red almost had the ability to lay out Hyde with a swift roundhouse kick to the head. Chuck Norris was considered for the role of Eric's dad, but was unavailable due to filming Walker, Texas Ranger, opening the part for Kurtwood Smith's incomparable portrayal.

2. Mila Kunis lied about her age to get the role of Jackie.

Snotty (but surprisingly smart) Jackie propelled Mila Kunis to stardom. She got the part by being perfect for it, and by playing older than she actually was. Auditioning at age 14, she told the producers that "I'll be 18 on my birthday," neglecting to mention said birthday was still four years away. Having an actual teenager play a television teenager for once is a nice novelty.

3. The show was almost named after a Who song.

A '70s-set sitcom couldn't help but be defined by music, but That '70s Show was legally forced into its final name. Early ideas included "Teenage Wasteland" and "The Kids Are Alright," but pressure from The Who's lawyers forced the creators to come up with something better. At which point they found that test viewers had already given it the wonderfully self-aware name.

4. "The Circle" was a way to get around censors.

The show's trademark camera spin was a powerful comedic tool for endless one-liners and honest moments where the characters talked directly to the camera. Most importantly, it allowed the show to make it clear the characters were totally baked while never showing them actually smoking pot.

5. Leo Was Really Arrested For Drug Charges

Hyde's drug-inspired boss Leo incarnated the '70s stoner culture on several levels. Not only was he played by the iconic Tommy Chong, but he disappeared from the series for a while because he was serving a jail sentence for selling drug paraphernalia. It was such a natural chain of events, Tommy was surprised they didn't write it into the show.

6. You can blame a movie for Blonde Donna.

Donna claimed she dyed her hair blonde after her marriage to Eric was called off. But the truth is Laura Prepon went blonde for the lead role in the 2006 psychological thriller Karla.

7. Topher Grace was discovered in a high school play.

Topher Grace got his start in show business after That '70s Show creators Bonnie and Terry Turner saw him in their daughter's high school play. We assume he wasn't constantly called "dumbass" in the play, but he wowed the Turners just the same.

8. Red really is from the "Craphole" state.

Kurtwood Smith is the only actor from Wisconsin, where the show is set. In fact, Red Forman is even more authentically Wisconson-ian, being based on Smith's stepfather, who passed away shortly before the pilot was filmed. Yes, there actually was a real Red.

9. Josh Meyers was originally going to play Eric after Topher Grace left the show.

Josh Meyers, brother of Seth Meyers, was hired to replace Topher Grace, who'd left the series to fight Spider-Man on the big screen. Eric's suddenly different appearance was going to be explained by the changing effects of coming back from his trip to Africa as a newly grown man, but the writers eventually ditched this ludicrous idea. Instead we got Randy Pearson, a fusion of Eric's snarky humor and Kelso's way with the ladies.

10. Eric's Vista Cruiser license plate marks the passage of time.

That '70s Show almost lasted an entire decade with eight seasons, but it only took up four years of fictional time. And you can tell what year each episode takes place in by the license plate at the end of the theme song.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Things You Didn't Know About That '70s Show

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Every That '70s Show fan has a favorite character, favorite episode, or even a favorite "Circle" moment. But how well do you know the show? Check out some interesting facts about the series and the Wisconsin gang. We said everyone has a favorite character, and let's be honest: it's Red.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
3 years ago

Hanging out, down the street!

Every week we're choosing one TV show that deserves your attention because time is precious and there are some great shows available to watch.

This week it's a TV show whose unique mix of comedy, honesty and relatable characters definitely latched with Irish audiences, That '70s Show.
1) What's it about?
Six teenagers from a deadbeat town that spend most of their time hanging-out in a crumby basement might not sound like the recipe for a smash-hit but if ever a show lived and died by its characters, it's That '70s Show.

The strength of the show is that you genuinely believe these actors are teenagers because there's something here that everyone can identify with, especially if you're young and struggling with those issues.

You know; dealing with hormones, parental discipline, school and constantly getting things stuck in your eye? Maybe that was just Kelso?

Of the lads, the dumb but wild Kelso is pretty much the character that gets all the best laughs. I always loved the fact that he was usually more interested in wrestling dogs than hanging out with Jackie while everyone can empathise with the smart-arsed but downtrodden Eric.

If your dad ever cracked the whip like Red then you'll feel Foreman's pain.

The rebellious and too cool for school Hyde was always the character that I identified closest with, he loves Led Zeppelin and doesn't care what people think, while Fez...well he's still a mystery.

As for the girls, Jackie started off as a fairly shallow and vain character but she quickly evolved, those fights with Kelso were class but seem a little bit weird now that they're married in real life, while Donna was the epitome of a strong and independent girl, indicative of the burgeoning gender equality and social change of the era.

The real joy though is in Eric's parents, the contrast between the doting Kitty and the incredibly strict Red was great, while the remaining characters like Leo, Bob and Midge were decent also.

Yes, the latter series' massively tails off as the cast chased the Hollywood dream but those early seasons still pack a punch.
2) It's almost like...
Hanging out with your actual mates because the characters just slag each other off. Except you know, it's set in the 70s.
3) It's worth your time because...
The setting is already dated so the aesthetics won't go out of style anytime soon but for me there's something comforting about those first few seasons.

Yes, it's not the best comedy on TV and can revert to cheap gags at times but there's still a heart and a warmth to it that's not easy to fake. Plus it has Kelso and he gets some genius lines like this one...

Jackie: Michael, just think about it. Do you like Pam?
Kelso: Well, I like parts of her.
4) Did you know...?
Mila Kunis seems like she has been a star for an eternity but the actress was a novice in every sense of the word during the first season.

The Ted star only got the role of Jackie because she lied during her audition by telling the producers that she was almost 18. She was just 14 at the time.
5) One episode and you're hooked...
My earliest memories of the show was watching 'The Keg' episode. Mainly because like lots of you, I was frequently trying to get served but got told to leave.
6) If the show was a person...
It could be any of your mates. Just take a look at the gang and see which one is which.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CULT FICTION: Six Reasons why everyone should watch That '70s Show | JOE.ie

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
3 years ago Every week we're choosing one TV show that deserves your attention because time is precious and there are some great shows available to watch. This week it's a TV show whose unique mix of comedy, honesty and relatable characters definitely latched with Irish audiences, That '70s Show.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Punk rock, dope, Disco Duck. The '70s were a crazy time to be alive. often covered real events, social trends, and cultural icons of the era, all through the lens of the Forman family and the gang of basement-dwelling misfits. Here are a few occasions on That '70s Show when the real world showed through the smoky haze.

1. The Gas Crisis

During the early 1970s, an oil embargo made gasoline prices skyrocket to over 50 cents per gallon. Americans realized they were at the mercy of foreign oil producers, a situation referred to today as "That's How It's Always Been, Right?" In the pilot episode of That '70s Show, Eric ends up getting the iconic 1969 Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser as a result of what Kitty calls "The Gas Crisis." Red has been forced to buy a Toyota to save fuel, but Eric is glad to get the old gas-guzzling Cruiser, even if it is a "pump- sucker." Happily, that phrase did not survive the '70s.

2. Streaking

Running around naked-the norm for 90 percent of human prehistory-experienced a sudden resurgence as a fad in the 1970s. In 1974 there was even a streaker at the Academy Awards, where host David Niven joked about the man showing his "shortcomings." On That '70s Show, a visit from President Gerald Ford prompts the gang to give streaking a try. The show used a digitized Smiley Face to hide Topher Grace's, uh, shortcomings, although for the record, it was a rather large Smiley Face.

3. Feminism

The 1970s were a time of often shocking transformations and radically changing gender roles-and that's just David Bowie. In 1973, 55 year-old male tennis star Bobby Riggs lost a "Battle of the Sexes" match to Billie Jean King. That '70s Show tackled the growing feminist movement in the "Battle of the Sexists" episode. Donna consistently beat Eric in sports and games, leading Eric and his friends to question his masculinity. This was long before society realized that it's not who wins the game, it's who gets paid 30 percent more to play it.

4. Disco

Disco fever swept the country in the 1970s, creating a huge boom for suppliers of mirror balls, polyester suits, and tiny glass vials. By 1976, when the first season of That '70s Show is set, the craze had even infiltrated heartland towns like Kenosha, Wisconsin, where the gang ventured to shake their groove things. By Season Eight - and by 1979 in real life - an anti-disco backlash had led to public burnings of disco records, lending the phrase "Disco Inferno" a literal meaning.

5. Gay Rights

In 1970s Wisconsin, leisure suits weren't the only things that were kept in the closet. The modern Gay Pride movement took off during the '70s, when the first Pride Day was celebrated in 1970 in the wake of the Stonewall Riots of the previous year. That first year, marches were held in New York, LA, Chicago, and San Francisco. It took a while longer for Gay Pride to reach Point Place, Wisconsin. When Eric's new lab partner, Buddy (played by a young Joseph Gordon-Levitt) turns out to have a crush on him, Eric has to deal with something the actor's fans would be totally fine with now.

6. The Pill

In the '60s and '70s, oral contraceptives - or simply "The Pill" - revolutionized sex. Amazingly, contraceptive pills were not available to unmarried women in all states until a 1972 Supreme Court decision. But after that and before the AIDS crisis hit in the '80s, there existed a golden age of easy and worry-free sex. Of course, on sitcoms, nothing is ever easy or worry-free, especially sex. The episode "The Pill" is an exciting "whodunit," at least in one sense of the term. The show spoofed parental fears of their daughters' newfound sexual liberation with an old-timey instructional film with the double entendre title "Open for Business."

7. Pong

In the world of video games, before anyone hit on the blatantly obvious idea of having two Italian plumbers as the protagonists, there was only Pong, where two upright lines did battle with a moving dot. Oh, it also went "boop." This concept was too simpleminded even for Kelso, who takes it upon himself to improve Red's Pong game and turns out to be something of a Pong savant. On the upside, nobody ever accused Pong video games of making kids violent, unless they lashed out from sheer boredom.

8. The Recession

The 1970s were a time of economic stagnation, hardship, and high unemployment... just like now, except in those days you sent a typed resume to the HR department (who were known as Personnel department) and two weeks later you received a typed rejection letter. In Season Two of That '70s Show, Red loses the job at the plant where he had worked for years. Set adrift, Red joined a whole generation of guys who thought they would work a factory job all their lives, only to end up living in a Bruce Springsteen song.

9. CB Radio

In Season Two, Kelso put a CB radio in his van to meet hot chicks. In the '70s, CB radio amazed people by allowing them to talk to each other in their vehicles. The technology was so impressive it hardly mattered that most of your conversations were with truckers on a 4-day amphetamine binge. Thanks to the hit 1975 song " Convoy," the '70s echoed with trucker CB slang like "Breaker, breaker," "Bear in the air," "10-4 Good buddy," and other things that made modern texting abbreviations like LOL and OMG seem like Marcel Proust.

10. Cable TV

In the 1970s, deregulation of the cable TV industry lead to the rapid expansion of cable to ever-increasing numbers of subscribers. By the end of the decade cable reached over 16 million households. One of them was the household of Red Forman, who finally broke down in Season Six and got cable TV, which was promptly hijacked to the basement by Hyde. Once confined to a handful of broadcast stations, thanks to cable our nation now finally has an adequate supply of WWII documentaries, cooking shows, and airings of That '70s Show on IFC.

11. Space Invaders

Most of the 1970s was the era of pinball with its silver ball, flippers, buzzers, bells, and lights a-flashing. But as the decade waned, change was in the air, and the age of video arcade games dawned with powerhouse shooting games like Space Invaders. During Season Four of That '70s Show, Kelso was behind the curve, buying a stake in the pinball machine at The Hub. Fez turned the Bally tables on him by having the pinball machine replaced by a brand new Space Invaders game, which had just launched in 1978. And Space Invaders would continue to delight gamers for decades, at least until the release of the Adam Sandler vehicle Pixels in 2015.

12. Betamax

In the era before television shows were streamed, downloaded, or DVR'd, they were watched on a device called a television. Then in the mid-70s, manufacturers introduced the first home video cassette recorders. This enabled viewers to watch the Tony Orlando & Dawn Rainbow Hour while recording Baa Baa Black Sheep (and yes, some sadist actually scheduled those two shows against each other on Tuesdays at 8 in 1976). That '70s Show paid homage to this era in an episode where Red buys a Betamax videotape recorder. Beta was a doomed technology, beaten out by the technically inferior but better-marketed VHS. Red's Betamax is undoubtedly in a landfill somewhere alongside his 8-track tape and Laser Disc players.

13. Marijuana!

No, not like today's marijuana, where you take a doctor's note to a dispensary and vaporize a pinch of connoisseur cannabis that could incapacitate a herd of wildebeests. In the '70s, pot was illegal, cheap, and you needed to smoke up a Dust Bowl-sized cloud to get a buzz. And back then, pot was treated just like it was treated in many states today -everybody was obviously smoking it, but it was technically taboo, so it was never mentioned. The gang sat in the famous "Circle" in a cloud of smoke every episode for eight seasons without explicitly saying what they were explicitly doing. Not until the finale of Season Seven did Red catch the kids, and even then it was never flat out stated what he caught them doing. Marijuana goes down as the biggest - and uncredited - star of That '70s Show.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Punk rock, dope, Disco Duck. The '70s were a crazy time to be alive. often covered real events, social trends, and cultural icons of the era, all through the lens of the Forman family and the gang of basement-dwelling misfits. Here are a few occasions on That '70s Show when the real world showed through the smoky haze.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
"That '70s Show" is very near and dear to my heart. If your childhood was anything like mine, on occasion-if you were really lucky and had been behaving really well-your parents let you join them later at night in watching their shows. They were never worried about corrupting my young mind or anything, because I preferred the more PG programs anyway. By the time it got late enough for stuff like "Law and Order," I was out the door faster than the scene change could say "dun-dun."

That said, "That '70s Show" has always been one of my favorites. I got into it again during early high school, and viewed the characters as some of the coolest role models. I watched it yet again during my first semester in college, and was able to compare episodes to times I had just had. I fully believe that, even further down the line, I'll be able to re-watch and connect to it in a whole new way. It just has something for everyone, even if the decade and setting and community are as particular as they come.

That's exactly what got me thinking about the authenticity of it, though. My mom and everyone else in her age group were actually high school teenagers in the late '70s. "That '70s Show" could never just be a quirky sitcom to her and her peers. It was a representation of them. I decided to find out just how well it did that from her, and from friends of hers who grew up in different locations across the country.
Tracy Leekley, 53, Hollywood Hills
Q: A lot of the elements of the show centered around their small town environment, so their "hot spots" were Eric Forman's basement, the local diner, etc. What were your hot spots?

A: Ice skating rink at the mall. We'd all go Friday night, whether we were good or bad at it. And the latch-key syndrome I think began... a lot of the kids were alone in the afternoons and evenings with a lot of freedom. If you think about it, how many parents would willingly be upstairs if they knew their kids were smoking pot in the basement?

Q: What other traits or even lingo from the show can you attest to being spot-on?

A: I feel like the character with red hair, the way she spoke...

A: Donna, I felt, used words that were accurate at that time. We would say "killer" a lot. In terms of things that were relatable, her radio show-KROQ was an example of a cutting-edge, new-age rock station back in the day. The funny thing is, they're still cutting-edge...

Q: They're still "killer." Ha ha.

A: [laughs] And they're still killer now. Music was so important. Going to concerts back then was part of history; they got all that right.
Tom Swanson, 53, New York City
Q: What was your general experience in the '70s? Did you like it? What were some of the major differences between then and now?

A: Well I went to boarding school. It was very cliquey, and I was an outcast. I was into art, which wasn't cool back then. And the people were much more blunt and disciplinarian. Like Red calling his kid "dumbass" all the time... it was kinda like that.

Q: Yeah, it seems like now we're a lot more careful as a whole.

A: Everyone held each other accountable. Like when Eric scratched Red's Corvette, the times on the water tower... we all did pranks like that. It was really exciting and cool because if you got caught, you got in a lot of trouble. Now nobody cares, or they're afraid to care.
Irene Tully, 56, Northern Jersey
Q: One of the prominent parts of the show was that the foreign character was very much the underdog; they were always poking fun at his funny accent or his inability to understand things. Nowadays that wouldn't fly, but was that kind of the norm back then?

A: I was always a bleeding heart for people like that. Growing up in an upper middle class suburb, anyone who wasn't "mainstream American" was bullied. You were different? You were definitely some sort of nerd or a geek.

Q: What do you remember about the fashion and the hair? What fads were you into?

A: I was a Farrah Fawcett wannabe. [laughs] I had her hair, and I worked that for many, many years.

A: It suited me really well. For the most part, I was the flower child rather than the disco queen.
Bianca Yarber, 53, Hollywood Hills
Q: When the show first came out in 1998, were you excited? Was there any sort of anticipation?

A: No there wasn't, because I lived that era.

Q: Got ya. So w hat do you remember about '70s drug culture? In the media, stoners are often portrayed as these dumb, lazy, not-very-layered people. This was the first program I remember painting a more dynamic picture.

A: The stoners back then-some of them were very kickback and lackadaisical and didn't typically get good grades, but a lot of them did too. A lot of them were super smart.

Q: Speaking of the cast's personalities, a lthough Kitty and Red (the mom and dad) seemed to have a pretty respectful relationship, they did relatively follow the mold of breadwinner and housewife. Gender roles have shifted since, but can you concede that, back then, parents basically fit those stereotypes?

A: Yup. You know, there was this commercial back in the '70s: "bring home the bacon, fry it in a pan, never let him forget he's the man." But the women could do it all; they were like these superheroes. They could be the doting housewife, they could be the perfect mom, they could make money and contribute...
Vince Rohr, 54, Colorado
Q: How did you enjoy working on the show? What was your role?

A: I was the production sound mixer. I remember when we did the pilot, we were all so busy the first couple of days that we actually had no idea how funny the show was gonna be. The audience flooded in, and we shot it in order... and from the beginning, we knew it was going to be great.

Q: Nice. Were there any memorable scenes, character or directing choices that made you go, "OK, they nailed it. That was the epitome of that time period."?

A: Across the board, everybody that worked on the show put a lot of effort-into not only the props, the hair and makeup-but to really set the feel of the '70s. An audience member once asked one of the show runners (trying to find a goof, like people do) something like, "Well the show is supposed to be set in '76, and that prop didn't come out till late '77," and they responded, "You do know that this is a comedy and not a documentary, right?" [laughs] The point of the show was to capture the feel, and I really think they did a great job of doing that. Still, it's funny-having grown up then, I would look at the stuff in all the sets and go, "Oh my gosh, I remember that when I was a kid. I remember that type of bowl that was sitting on the coffee table."

Q: So cool! So what was some of the research that went on?

A: The cast was clearly very young, so for certain bits, they would have to go back and watch reruns of shows like "Charlie's Angels." Because obviously they didn't know anything about "Charlie's Angels," you know? Mila was 15-16 years old... but they all did that-they all took the time to go back and get the references so they seemed natural.

Q: The nature of the show frequently centered on them being in a small town. Were their simple daily lives exclusively a Point Place thing?

A: Where I grew up it was pretty isolated, and the simplicity of it was actually a blessing. It fostered creativity in a lot of ways, because there weren't so many easily-available distractions. The Internet and satellite TV didn't exist then.

A: And something really remarkable happened-I graduated high school in 1980 and went back in 1990 for my 10 year reunion, and in between, MTV happened. In a big way. And what it did was homogenize music... when I grew up it was FM stations, rock or country. When I went back, everyone was listening to the same thing. There was no longer a sense of regional culture.

"That '70s Show" was first and foremost about relationships: the friendships and innocent romances, reckless times spent together, and trials and triumphs that people could associate with at any age. I'm glad they evidently stuck to their brand. However, the primary thing was always capturing the time frame's essence, and secondary was capturing the details. What we can take away from these interviews is that there was a reason the '70s were selected from all other decades to be celebrated. It was so much more than psychedelics, bell bottoms and vinyl. It was hometown pride, straying from antiquated thinking and artistic experimentation. It was innovation from boredom, open hearts and uninhibited mentality. It was perfectly imperfect-it was all alright.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Our Parents Answer: How Accurate Was 'That '70s Show'?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
"That '70s Show" is very near and dear to my heart. If your childhood was anything like mine, on occasion-if you were really lucky and had been behaving really well-your parents let you join them later at night in watching their shows.

# data[].attributes.headline
People Identify Themselves With Characters In Books Too

# data[].attributes.subject
People Identify Themselves With Characters In Books Too

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Psychologists have discovered that while reading a book or story, people are prone to subconsciously adopt their behavior, thoughts, beliefs and internal responses to that of fictional characters as if they were their own.

Experts have dubbed this subconscious phenomenon 'experience-taking,' where people actually change their own behaviors and thoughts to match those of a fictional character that they can identify with.

Researcher from the Ohio State University conducted a series of six different experiments on about 500 participants, reporting in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, found that in the right situations, 'experience-taking,' may lead to temporary real world changes in the lives of readers.

They found that stories written in the first-person can temporarily transform the way readers view the world, themselves and other social groups.

In one experiment lead author Geoff Kaufman a post-doctoral researcher at the Tiltfactor Laboratory at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hamphire, and his co-author Lisa Libby, an assistant professor of psychology at Ohio State University, found that people who had strongly identified with a fictional character who overcame obstacles to vote were also significantly more likely to vote in a real election several days later compared to participants who read a different story.

Psychologists also found that it was critical for the story to reveal characteristics shared by the reader earlier rather than later for 'experience-taking' to take effect.

"The early revelation of the group membership seemed to highlight the difference between readers and the character, and made it more difficult for readers to step into the character's shoes," researchers wrote in the report.

In an experiment consisting of 70 heterosexual males, who were asked to read a story about a homosexual undergraduate student revealed extraordinarily different results depending on when in the narrative the character's sexuality was exposed.

Participants who had found out about the protagonist being gay later in the narrative reported significantly more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals after reading the story than participants who read that the protagonist was gay early on or read that the protagonist was heterosexual.

"Those who read the gay-late narrative also relied less on stereotypes of homosexuals - they rated the gay character as less feminine and less emotional than did the readers of the gay-early story," researchers wrote.

Researchers showed similar results with white students who read about a black student who was either identified as black early or late in the story.

The environment also played a major role in determining whether participants will engage in 'experience-taking,' according to the researcher.

In an experiment which required participants to read in front of a mirror, researchers reported that fewer readers were able to undergo 'experience-taking' because they were constantly reminded of their own self-concept and self-identity.

Researchers said that 'experience-taking' can only happen when readers are able to in a way forget about themselves and their own self-concept and self-identity when reading.

"The more you're reminded of your own personal identity, the less likely you'll be able to take on a character's identity," Kaufman said in a news release. "You have to be able to take yourself out of the picture, and really lose yourself in the book in order to have this authentic experience of taking on a character's identity."

In contrast, watching a movie does not require viewers to engage any more than as a spectator, which would limit the ability of putting themselves in the shoes of fictional characters.

Researchers said that experience-taking is different from perspective-taking, a process where individuals try to comprehend what another person is experiencing in a particular situation, without losing sight of their own identity.

"Experience-taking is much more immersive -- you've replaced yourself with the other," Libby said in a statement.

The process is spontaneous and happens naturally under the right circumstances.

"Experience-taking can be very powerful because people don't even realize it is happening to them. It is an unconscious process," Libby said, adding that the phenomenon could have powerful, if not lasting, effects.

"If you can get people to relate to characters in this way, you might really open up their horizons, getting them to relate to social groups that maybe they wouldn't have otherwise," Libby told the Edmonton Journal.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Psychologists Discover How People Subconsciously Become Their Favorite Fictional Characters

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Psychologists have discovered that while reading a book or story, people are prone to subconsciously adopt their behavior, thoughts, beliefs and internal responses to that of fictional characters as if they were their own. Experts have dubbed this subconscious phenomenon 'experience-taking,' where people actually change their own behaviors and thoughts to match those of a fictional character that they can identify with.

# data[].attributes.body
That '70s Show features many examples of representation, identification, emotion, and conflict. All of these things feature the theory of Burke's Identification Theory. Further analysis proves that That '70s Show can relate to all age groups in almost every situation presented in the show.

# data[].attributes.headline
Jackie Choosing Who She Wants To Be With

# data[].attributes.subject
Jackie Choosing Who She Wants To Be With

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
In the last week, a rumor that had been bouncing around the internet was confirmed when director James Gunn revealed that, yes, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 would have an epic five post-credits scenes. For those of us who feel like most movies could easily lop off 20 minutes or so without losing anything meaningful from the story, it means we're going to have to wait even longer to OMG get out of the way I need to go to the bathroom.

The number of post-credits sequences has steadily increased since Marvel Studios revitalized the concept with 2008's Iron Man. That scene featured Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury emerging from the shadows of Tony Stark's living room and introducing him-and the audience-to the reality that a wider world of superheroes existed, ultimately setting the stage for The Avengers four years later.

Since then, every Marvel release has featured either a post- or mid-credits scene, or both. The practice has been widely adopted in recent years, especially for franchise movies.

As anyone who's watched Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Airplane! or many other movies will know, these "stingers" aren't necessarily a new concept. But their usage in the last nine years has evolved from giving an extra chuckle to moviegoers who don't run out of the theater as soon as the credits start, to a tool that's much more integral to the marketing of current and future films in two important ways.

Word of Mouth for the Current Movie

On the one hand, conversations around these stingers serve as talking points for the movie they're attached to. While Marvel kept a tight lid on the Nick Fury scene that was attached to Iron Man, news of it leaked pretty quickly as soon as the movie was released, powered primarily by Twitter, which was gaining more and more traction at that point.

Anyone who might have been on the fence about seeing it suddenly felt pulled in by the promise of a larger universe being teased. And anyone who might have been waiting to see it a few weeks later, or not until it came to DVD, was pushed to the theater to see what people were talking about.

In the years that followed, "Does X Movie Have a Post-Credits Scene?" has become a mainstay headline in the entertainment press. People have speculated about whether the recently relaunched Star Wars franchise would have stingers. Or how about the Fast and the Furious movies? Bond? Star Trek? That speculation, fueled by writers who cite studio sources or just fans thinking out loud, provides new opportunities for simple conversation, keeping buzz for the upcoming movie alive.

Even if the movie doesn't have one-Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice didn't-it's in the best interest of the studio to let that conversation run its course and not deny anything outright. In other words, don't get in the way of keeping the audience talking.

If fans think there might be a stinger, they are more likely to turn out for opening weekend so they can be among the first to see it and share its secrets with their friends. That's what makes this practice such a powerful word-of-mouth marketing tool for the movie that's just hitting theaters.

Marketing Kickoff for the Next Movie

In some cases, post-credit stingers are used to tie up a loose end from the core movie itself, or just add a little gag that's based on what the audience just watched.

The original Guardians of the Galaxy included two such scenes, one showing the fate of Groot and the other showing the aftermath of a battle that included a fun little nod at another Marvel Character. A stinger in the first Avengers movie famously included the punch line to a joke setup earlier about getting shawarma after this was all over. Deadpool nodded to the granddaddy of them all, the post-credits gag from Ferris Bueller.

Continue Reading

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Stay for the Credits: How Bonus Scenes Became a Crucial Part of Movie Marketing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In the last week, a rumor that had been bouncing around the internet was confirmed when director James Gunn revealed that, yes, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 would have an epic five post-credits scenes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The study's findings illustrate that a critical thinker in today's environment needs to know about more than words. The study found that production techniques ". . . convey messages about masculine and feminine stereotypes at a level that is not easily recognized and therefore may be more influential than the more obvious content messages" (Welch et al.