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Discovered 4 of Jupiter's moons with his very advanced telescope. Discovered the first moons ever known to orbit other planets. Wrote the starry messenger which talked about his observations. He also wrote Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems in 1638 was a very popular book which got him in trouble compared to heavenly spheres which was still catholic, he talked about the real view and the Catholic view which is wrong. He discovered the rings on Saturn, the moons of Jupiter, our moon has craters and mountains, and the stars of the Milky Way.

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Ellipses and found out planets revolve in an oval way not a circular way. He showed the distance it takes to travel around the sun and how it takes certain planets longer and that's what causes different occurrences. He wrote a book on how to use a Telescope and the magnification of telescopes.

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He wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. He was a mathematician who thought Ptolemy’s geocentric system was too complicated and failed to accord with the observed motions of the heavenly bodies and came up with the heliocentric theory meaning the sun was in the center of the universe not the Earth.

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Founder of the religion Lutheranism and was one of the first to break from the Catholic church successfully. He wrote the 95 theses which was his complaints about the Catholic Church and stapled them to the church doors for all the people to see. He also came up with Priesthood of all Believers, which was a new idea introduced by Luther. If you believed you could be a priest. This messed up the hierarchical power and the churches because priests didn’t have higher power. He believed in the Primacy of Scripture meaning scripture was the highest power and you would see the one single truth and the church could be restored to its original simplicity if everyone looked at the bible and looked at the one truth. One of his other beliefs was Salvation by Faith Alone, if you believed and were faithful in God and did good works and read the original scripture you would obtain salvation and go to heaven just by doing these things.

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Calvinists were doing God’s work on earth, Calvinism became the activist international form of Protestantism. Equality of the Gospel did not mean throwing away women's terrible rankings in society. Had the idea of predestination which was the ones going to heaven were already picked and if you weren’t one of them there was nothing you could do. Those who were predestined for heaven were called elites and were expected to live an elite life meaning they couldn’t have any fun.

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New technique for navigation and made of naturally magnetized iron ore. Included North, East, South, and West; was used to navigate under the equator where they couldn’t just look at the stars.

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Granted by Henry IV of Navarre to allow Huguenot toleration of France. Was issued in 1598 and made Henry IV a politique because he went against his own beliefs and did what was best for the nation.

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Every business transaction will involve two accounts or more started with the Bank of Amsterdam.

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Every business transaction will involve two accounts or more started with the Bank of Amsterdam.

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Columbian Trade from the Americas to Europe

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Columbian Trade from the Americas to Europe

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Tomatoes, Potatoes, Squash, Corn, Tobacco, Turkeys.

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Wheat, Cattle, Horses, Pigs, Sheep, Smallpox, Measles.

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Established in 1555 that the designated ruler of their nation could decide the nations religion. This was made after the Diet of Worms in 1521. This only applied to Habsburg nations.

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Gives sailing directions and provides charts showing rhumb lines and the location of ports and various coastal features

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Control surface used to steer a ship.

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Invented the printing press in 1490.

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Came up with one point perspective also known as linear perspective during the Renaissance, and he created the first dome that is still in Florence. He was a Renaissance architect and artist.

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Wrote the Book of the Courtier which was about how to be the perfect renaissance men and women. He made the ideal form of a perfect Renaissance man and woman who had to be very well rounded and able to converse with all types of people.

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Triangular sail that uses wind to guide

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Came up with the idea that god created us as great people with lots of potential, he is basically saying he still believes in god and the catholic churches but we choose our own path. He wrote on Oration of Dignity of Man.

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Called the father of Italian Renaissance humanism because he was the first to come up with humanist ideas. For example, he wanted to take up a literary career and write in the Vernacular instead of being a lawyer like his father wanted him to. He also was the first to call the Middle ages dark.