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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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A full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) is one with an image sensor format that is the same size as 35 mm format (36 mm × 24 mm) film.

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Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs
Nikon:1.5x
Canon:1.6x

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In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens, typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2.

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A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens

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Any arrangement of elements such as panels and bars is called a workspace. You can adapt Photoshop to the way you work by selecting from several preset workspaces or by creating one of your own.

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The section in photoshop that holds all the tools you can use to edit photos

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Palettes are the groups of colors and hues you can use to edit your photos with

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At the very top of the screen, open it to reveal a bunch of menus, each having their own

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The job of the Options Bar is to set the options of the tool you are about to use

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Color saturation refers to the intensity of color in an image. In technical terms, it is the expression of the bandwidth of light from a source.

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In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors. An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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Click the Zoom tool in the Tools panel or press Z to activate it. Click anywhere in the image to magnify it. Hold down the Alt key (or the Option key on the Mac) and click with the Zoom tool to zoom out. In either case, the zoom centers on the point you click.

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The Hand tool is more of a function than an actual tool because you rarely need to click the Hand tool to use it. Simply hold down the spacebar while using any other tool, and the cursor changes into the Hand icon, enabling you to move the image around in its window by dragging.

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Cropping is the process of removing portions of a photo to create focus or strengthen the composition. Use the Crop tool to crop and straighten photos in Photoshop.

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the ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen.

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A tool in which you can rotate and align your photos in photoshop

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The paint bucket tool fills an area of an image based on color similarity. ... A low tolerance means only very similar colors will be affected, a high tolerance means more pixels will be affected.

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the brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with. As you move your cursor over the image it leaves a stroke of color.

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The Lasso tool is useful for drawing freeform segments of a selection border.

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The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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It allows us to easily draw freeform selection outlines based on straight-sided polygonal shapes.

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As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image

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This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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The Healing Brush tool lets you correct imperfections, causing them to disappear into the surrounding image. Like the cloning tools, you use the Healing Brush tool to paint with sampled pixels from an image or pattern.

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It is similar to the Healing Brush Tool, in that it matches the texture, lighting and shading of the sampled pixels to the source area. But, the Patch Tool uses selection-defined areas instead of a brush.

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Photoshop Clone Stamp Tool. Photoshop's clone stamp tool allows you to duplicate part of an image. The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area.

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Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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This tool is based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging)

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This tool is based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning)

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The Sponge Tool saturates / desaturates image areas: In the Toolbox, select the Sponge Tool. Choose brush size and style*. Select mode (what do you want - saturate or desaturate). Set the tool's Flow (tool's strength).

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Using the Blur Tool to Soften Image Areas in Photoshop Elements 9. ... You can also blur portions of your image to emphasize the focal point. The Blur tool works by decreasing the contrast among adjacent pixels in the blurred area.

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Reduce unwanted noise while keeping important edges unaffected. Sets the sharpening algorithm used to sharpen the image.

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag. Select the Smudge tool . Choose a brush tip and options for the blending mode in the options bar

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Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own. Note: You cannot use theGradient tool with bitmap or indexed-color images. To fill part of the image, select the desired area.

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Photoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to the layers below. You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet of acetate in a stack. You can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially transparent.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time.

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a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject

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a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges.

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High-dynamic-range imaging is a high dynamic range technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques

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a small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border.

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the horizontal type tool is Photoshop text and typing tool. it's wide range of use makes for a very powerful asset. that allows you to have a massive amount of creative control with making text

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In photography, painting, and other visual arts, middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale; in photography, and printing, it is typically defined as 18% reflectance in visible light

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Spot Metering only evaluates the light around your focus point and ignores everything else. It evaluates a single zone/cell and calculates exposure based on that single area, nothing else.

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Partial metering is one of four modes found mostly on Canon cameras to help measure a subject's brightness. This enables the photographer to take a correct exposure depending on the lighting conditions at hand.

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Evaluative Metering mode is the default metering mode on most DSLRs. It works by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.

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a mode of automatic light metering in a camera that compensates for differences in the brightness of the central and peripheral portions of the image.