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Regarding rights and duties: spaniards are equal before the law, without any discrimination for reasons of birth, race, sex, religion, opinion, or any other personal or social condition or circumstance. The dignity of the person, the inviolable rights which are inherent, the free development of the personality, respect for the law and the rights of others, are the foundation of political order and social peace.

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Regarding rights and duties: they can not be foundations of legal privilege: nature, filiation, sex, social class, wealth, political ideas or religious beliefs. Everyone has the right to freely express their ideas and opinions, using any means of dissemination, without being subject to prior censorship.

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It recognizes the right to autonomy to the regions and nationalities that make up Spain.

Spain is structured in 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities. Each autonomy is divided into several provinces except the uniprovincial.

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With the assumption in 1931 of the Second Spanish Republic, the possibility was introduced into the Constitution that the regions that made up Spain would become autonomous.

Spain was divided into regions, both Autonomous (with status) and Non-autonomous (without statute), and are recognized as such in the Organic Law of the Court of Constitutional Guarantees.

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Congress C/Floridablanca s/n - 28071 - MADRID Legal notice Accesibility

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Página principal de la web del Senado de España

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Political organization: Courts and separation of powers.

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Political organization: Courts and separation of powers.

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In the constitution of 1978 the courts are divided in congress and senate, which exercise the legislative power of the State, approve their budgets and control the action of the Government.

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Political organization: Courts and separation of powers.

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Political organization: Courts and separation of powers.

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The legislative power resided in the people, who exercised it through the Cortes or Congress of deputies, which is made up of the representatives elected by universal suffrage.

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Spain is now a non-denominational State. No confession will have a state character and everyone is free to choosing their ideology, religion or beliefs.

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During the Republic, Spain was a secular State which didn’t have official religion.

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Spanish (Castilian) is the official language of Spain and there are co-official languages recognized in some autonomous communities: Galician, Basque, Catalan and Valencian.

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Spanish (castilian)was the official language of the Republic.
Nobody demanded to know regional languages.

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Relationship between the state and the regions.

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Relationship between the state and the regions.

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Nowadays each community has its own statute according to the laws from the government.

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Relationship between the state and the regions.

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Relationship between the state and the regions.

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In the Republican constitution the State had the same laws for all the communities. Only Catalonia’s statute was recognized during the Reformist Biennium due to historical and cultural reasons.

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The flag of Spain, as it is defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the size of each red stripe and like the Republican flag, it has the coat of arms at the center.

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The flag of the Republic, known as "la tricolor", was the official flag of Spain between 1931 and 1939.

The Republican flag was formed by three horizontal bands of the same width, red, yellow, and purple, with coat of arms at the centre

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National sovereignty: The sovereignty of the state comes from the people.

“National sovereignty resides in the Spanish people, from whom the powers of the State emanate.”

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Popular sovereignty: The sovereignty of the state comes from the people.

“All the powers of the Republic emanate from the people and in the people resides the power to create laws and in the President of the Republic the personification of the nation.”

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 Form of government and head of the state.

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 Form of government and head of the state.

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The form of government is Parliamentary Monarchy, where the King is the Head of State and the symbol of its unity and permanence. He arbitrates the regular functioning of the institutions and assumes the highest representation of the Spanish State in international relationsand on the other hand, the President  directs the Government’s action and coordinate the functions of the other members.

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 Form of government and head of the state.

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 Form of government and head of the state.

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The form of government was Democratic Republic and the head of the State, who personified the Nation, was the President of the Republic, who had to be elected jointly by the Cortes and the same number of delegates and Deputies.

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                                       1931’s CONSTITUTION

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                                       1931’s CONSTITUTION

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                                      1978’s CONSTITUTION

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                                      1978’s CONSTITUTION