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Apollo 13 was intended to land on the moon but an oxygen tank exploded and they made repairs and had to orbit the moon to come home and survive.

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https://aerospace.org/story/brief-history-space-exploration

https://www.britannica.com/list/5-unforgettable-moments-in-the-history-of-spaceflight-and-space-exploration

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spaceflight-related_accidents_and_incidents

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride

https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong

https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/challenger

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glenn

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Youngest astronaut to go to space at 32. She was also the first and only person to investigate The Challenger and Columbia space shuttle disasters.

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John Glenn lived a great life. He was known as the first astronaut and at 70 he became the oldest man in space. He died in 2016 at 95.

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Neil Armstrong was a huge part of American Space Exploration. He was the first man on the moon and I'm pretty sure you've heard his famous quote. "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind". As we know the famous Apollo 11 was the spaceflight of Neil and his crew to the moon.

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The Challenger Disaster was one of the worst tragedies in U.S. history because everyone was watching it live and it was easily avoidable. The Challenger was a new form a reusable spacecrafts called Space Shuttles. The Challenger had been on 9 other voyages before the explosion in 86 but this was the first time it was exposed to cold weather. Earlier on in space travel engineers noticed that these space shuttles had previous issues with cold weather and the boosters for example in a recent shuttle that launched into space it was only a few inches from burning through the side of the booster almost causing a very similar explosion to the Challenger. One of the main stories told about this event is a school teacher, Christa McAuliffe who was one of the 7 astronauts who died on the challenger. The reason her story blew up was because her parents were at the launch site and her class was watching it on TV.  Another crazy thing is they believed that 3 of the astronauts survived the explosion because when they recovered the capsule three of the oxygen suppliers were activated and these are usually used for landing meaning that they died on impact.
"After the Challenger accident, NASA put in a lot of time to improve the safety of the space shuttle to fix the things that have gone wrong" - Sally Ride.

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1. Sputnik 1 became the first satellite in space (1957) (Soviets)
2. Yury A. Gagarin became the first man in space (1961) (Soviets)
3. Apollo 11 landed the first man on the moon. Neil Armstrong. (1969) (U.S.)
4. Challenger disaster. Killing all 7 astronauts on board. (1986) (U.S.)
5.Launch of Hubble telescope. (1990) (U.S.)
6.Sally Ride becoming the first woman in space. (1983) (U.S.)

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As we know space exploration has become a huge part in the world. Space travel is something very important and it was actually a competition between countries on who can be the first to get someone to space and moon. Even today they still compete today vs other countries on who can do the next big thing in space. In American and Russian history many things have happened while developing for space travel from incredible achievements to tragedies.