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In 1938 the AAL joined forces with restored AAPA to stage a Day of Mourning on Australia Day, 26 January.
It is the first major protest by Aboriginal people. The manifesto “Aborigines Claim Citizen Rights” and the newspaper “Abo Call” are published.

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1934                                                                       Will Cooper & The Australian Aborigines League (AAL)

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1934                                                                       Will Cooper & The Australian Aborigines League (AAL)

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Will Cooper was a highly regarded Cummeragunga man from Victoria. He and others set up the Australian Aborigines League (AAL) in 1934. Some other members of the AAL were:

Margaret Tucker

Caleb Morgan

Anna Morgan

Shadrach James.

an early initiative of the AAL was to petition King George V for representation in Parliament for Aboriginal Australians.

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1901.                                                                     Australian Constitution

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1901.                                                                     Australian Constitution

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The Commonwealth of Australia is formed. However, Aboriginal people are excluded from the census and the lawmaking powers of the Commonwealth Parliament. Aboriginal people are subject to 'special laws' that are enforced by different states with the intent of providing 'welfare' for Aboriginal people.

Each state enforces its own 'Aborigine Protection Act':

Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 (Vic)

Aborigines Protection Act 1886 (WA)

Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 (Qld)

Aborigines Protection Act 1909 (NSW)

Aborigines Aboriginals Ordinance 1911 (NT)

Aborigines (Training of Children) Act 1923 (SA)

Each Act provided the government with the capacity to remove Aboriginal children from their families.

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1924                                                                                                 Founding of The Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association (AAPA)

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1924                                                                                                 Founding of The Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association (AAPA)

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Fred Maynard founded the AAPA in 1924 in New South Wales, inspired by Marcus Garvey, the first president of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in the USA.

The AAPA organized:

street rallies

well-publicized regional and metropolitan meeting

newspaper coverage

letter-writing campaigns and,

petitions

One of the key elements that the AAPA inaugurated in order to make a change was self-determination.

Unfortunately due to frequent harassment and difficulties the AAPA dissolved in 1927.