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James Monroe, in an attempt to evoke American isolationism, stated in the Monroe Doctrine that the United States would protect any new countries developing in the Western Hemisphere from any colonizing forces. While initially being a message against European intervention, it would be used much later to justify imperialism.

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Many Irish immigrated to America during the early 1800's in search of a better life, especially after the Great Potato Famine. They were often discriminated against, and were accused of stealing the jobs of hard-working Americans. They often worked on public works projects like canals and railroads, or in factories.

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After disputes over Texan land, this war erupted, and was won after people were inspired by the Alamo. After, more debates on slavery were held as the new lands had to determine their status. This led to the Compromise of 1850, where Texas and California entered as slave and free states, respectively.

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In an attempt to spread slavery, many Southerners fought for the annexation of Texas. in the spirit of Manifest Destiny, it was carried out, but that caused the Mexican-American War.

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Railroads began construction as a result of the development of the steam engine and the encouragement of infrastructure under the American System. They became one of the best modes of transport on land, creating cheap and efficient shipping, but they would not be used for mass consumer transport until later. The North had more railroads than the South due to their industrial and manufacturing economy.

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Brought on by the American System, the Erie Canal provided cheap transport for goods from the East Coast and Midwest, connecting the two and making New York One of the best ports of its time.

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Passed by Thomas Jefferson, this aimed to stop all trade with foreign nations in the name of neutrality. Expectedly, this failed dramatically, with the economy taking a huge toll due to the lack of trade, imports, and exports. This also increased tensions with Britain and encouraged smuggling.

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As the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he vastly expanded the Judiciary Branch's power, with aspects like judicial review, and also expanded the power of the federal government.

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Popularized by Henry Clay, the American System was a plan that encouraged the expansion of the federal government for infrastructure and economic control that led to the Era of Good Feelings under James Monroe

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This was the legislation that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state along with Maine as a free state. This was to keep the balance in the Senate. It also outlawed slavery above the Mason-Dixon Line.

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Caused by the Indian Removal act, most natives living in southeast America were forced to relocate on a long and grueling march. During this march, many died of exhaustion and other causes,. While Andrew Jackson did set this in motion, it is important to know that Marin Van Buren continued it during his presidency, forcing the Cherokee to move.

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Slavery was often debated between the North and South, as the expansion of slavery to new states resulted in the South gaining power in the Senate. This caused factionalism, which led to violence and the Civil War.

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This was the first ever women's rights convention, and was the first step towards women being able to voice their opinions in society.

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Brought on by the Second Great Awakening, the Temperance Movement aimed to stop drunkards in the name of purity, and also wanted to stop the domestic abused caused by alcoholism.

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This was a religious revival in the early 1800's that often sought to improve morality in society through secular activism. This resulted in many reforms, such as the prison system and education.

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After the Alien and Sedition acts, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions aimed to deem them unconstitutional. After a tariff bill that was highly detrimental, South Carolina claimed that it was unconstitutional. Both events are examples of Nullification Crises, and serve as the culmination of the debate on the power of the federal government and state's rights.

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Dubbed the "People's President," Jackson was elected thanks to the votes of the common people, but his presidency saw many flaws, such as Native American removal policies, an abundance of vetoes, the spoils system, and stopping the national bank.

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After the Industrial Revolution, the economy shifted towards mercantilist policies and industries became more mechanized and efficient, with new tools like the steam engine and interchangeable parts.

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Belief that it was America's right (destiny) to conquer the lands to the west. Encouraged taking native lands and supported migration west by poor farmers.

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Caused by the high costs of war in Europe, Napoleon sold most of Mid-West America to Thomas Jefferson. This doubled the size of the US and gave new land for resources and farming.