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1.  Role of the Gods: "Get the oar shafts in your hands, and lay back hard on your benches; hit these breaking seas.  Zeus will help us pull away before we founder" (Homer 979).  Zeus will help them out before something happens to them.

2.  Hero's Journey plot point-test: "So I tied on my cuirass and took up two heavy spears, and then made my way to the foredeck..." (Homer 979). Odysseus has to either send his men to fight or he has to fight for himself.

3.  Greek Values: "She ate them as they shrieked there, and her den, and the dire grapple, reaching still for me - and deathly pity ran me through..." (Homer 980). Odysseus honored those men that died.

4.  Characterization: "Keep her out of the combers and the smoke; steer for that headland; lodge the drift, or we fetch up in the smother, as you drown us" (Homer 979). Odysseus is giving orders to his men which displays his leadership.

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1.  Role of the Gods: "Halt, and implant your smooth oar into the turf and make a fair sacrifice to lord Poseidon" (Homer 974).  Odysseus has to make a sacrifice for Poseidon or otherwise he can't continue.

2.  Hero's Journey plot point-crossing the threshold: "I spaded up the votive pit, and poured libations round it to the unnumbered dead..." (Homer 971).  Odysseus gave a gift to the unnumbered dead.

3.  Greek Values: "Though you survive alone, bereft of all companions lost for years..." (Homer 973).  Tiresias is seeking to destroy Odysseus's ship and his crew so he has to overcome death.

4.  Characterization: "Unhappy spirit I promise you the barrow and the burial" (Homer 972).  The spirit is unhappy which shows a lack of hospitality.

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1.  Role of the Gods: "The goddess reveals his course to him and gives advice on how to avoid the dangers he will face" (Homer 975).  Circe is helping him to make it back to Ithaca.

2.  Hero's Journey plot point-test: "Soon, as we came smartly within hailing distance, the two sirens nothing our fast ship off their point made ready and they sang..." (Homer 977).  Odyssey is telling his men they can not listen to the songs as the songs are a test of their loyalty.

3.  Greek Values: "...so let me tell her forecast: then we die with our eyes open, if we are going to die, or know what death we baffle if we can" (Homer 975).  The crew will face death or that they'll know what death they will have.

4.  Characterization: "...but they bent steady to the oars. Then Perimedes got to his feet, he and Eurylochus, and passed more line about, to hold me still" (Homer 978). Perimedes and Eurylochus know what to do to Odysseus to keep him still which shows a knowledge of the two.

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1.  Role of the Gods: "In the small hours of the third watch, when stars that shone out in the first dusk of evening had gone down...a giant wind blew from heaven, and clouds blown by Zeus..." (Homer 981). Zeus had helped them by giving them cover.

2.  Hero's Journey plot point-test: "Old shipmates our stores are in the ship's hold, food and drink; the food and cattle here are not for our provision, or we pay dearly for it" (Homer 981). The men either eat the cattle or they might die.

3.  Greek Values: "Come, we'll cut out the noblest of these cattle for sacrifice to the gods who own the sky" (Homer 982). Odyssey must make a sacrifice of the cattle to the gods which reflects honor.

4.  Characterization: "With a crack of thunder, Zeus let fly a bolt against the ship, a direct hit" (Homer 984). Zeus is destroying the ship since Odysseus and his men ate Helios' cattle which shows disrespect.

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1.  Role of the Gods: "Poseidon Lord, who sets the earth a--tremble..." (Homer 102).  Poseidon can shake the world.

2.  Hero's Journey plot point-test: "Whose hand could bear to thrust and grind that spike into Cyclops` eye..."  (Homer 960).  This is a test because they have to jab the spike into the Cyclop's eye hard enough otherwise it won't go in and won't work.

3.  Greek Values: "Nohbdy`s my meat, then, after I eat his friends. Others come first.  There`s a nobel gift, now" (Homer 105).  Death because the cyclops is telling Odysseus and his men that they are his food.

4.  Characterization: "Cyclops went on filling up his belly with manflesh and great gulps of whey"(Homer 103).  This is describing the cyclops as a man eating beast.

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1.  Role of the Gods: "What of those years of rough adventure, weathered under zeus?" (Homer 953).
This is basically saying of the years that Odysseus had traveled that he had been beaten up by Zeus.

2.  Hero's Journey plot point-ordinary world/ test: "My home is on the peaked sea mark of Ithaca..." (Homer 953). Odysseus' ordinary world is in Ithaca.

3.  Greek Values: "Alcinous offers a ship to Odysseus and asks him to tell of his adventures" (Homer 953).
Since Alcinous offered Odysseus a ship and in return wants Odysseus to tell about his Adventures, this could be considered a ransom.

4.  Characterization: "My men were mutinous" (Homer 953). Since Odysseus said his men were mutinous he is basically saying that his men were rebellious.