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When the class did an experiment with a balloon (globe) and a flashlight. My partner and I discovered that at the equator of  our balloon (globe) was where the most light/heat  was present. The farther out the light went North or South the smaller the light/heat became. This shows the relationship between the latitude and Insolation. The North and South has a lower insolation and the equator has a higher insolation.

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Air pollution, the air molecules would land on the snow causing the permafrost to melt effecting the plants and the animals who eat the plants. The air molecules are called black carbon that comes from Arctic clouds.

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Lemmings burrow holes into the snow for an insulator. Arctic hares hang out in groups to keep warm and for protection from their predators.

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Mosses has wide and shallow roots to help them against the icy winds.
Willows evolved dwarf forms and grow flat or grow along the ground against the cold climate.

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The biomass and energy decreases as you move up the tropic pyramid. The 90/10 rule says that 10% of the energy is transferred and 90% of energy is lost.

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Polar bears

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Arctic Wolves, Arctic foxes, Seals

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Arctic Hares, Lemmings, Cod

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Mosses, Willow, Plankton

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The typical plants that live here are mosses and willow. Mosses covers the ground in return causing other plants to grow and willows have different shapes and shallow roots due to the permafrost. The typical animals that live here are lemmings and arctic hares. Lemmings are small rodents and arctic hares  save their body heat in the snow.

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It has permafrost (frozen layer of soil or subsoil), hilly surface and mountains. The topography of a biome can also affect the climate. The effects of insolation is minimal because, it is located in the North Pole, and has a light surface with low vegetation.

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Latitude, Altitude, and Affects the climate

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Latitude, Altitude, and Affects the climate

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The latitude is 55 degrees to 70 degrees North.The altitude is around 300 to 11,079 feet. When the altitude is low, the lower the angle of insulation. When the latitude is high, the  less insolation it will receive.

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It has cold and dry winters and receive up to 6-10 inches of precipitation a year. The climatograph  shows that the temperatures increases and decreases with the precipitation. The coldest is in January and the hottest is in August.

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A treeless biome with bare, and rocky grounds including long winters and short summers. There's also two different types of tundras: alpine and arctic.The tundra was formed 10,000 years ago. The 2 main seasons here are: winter and summer. It"s basically like a dessert when it comes to precipitation.The only plants that are supported here are low and slow growing mosses, heaths and lichens.