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This primary source is showing all of the Irish coming from Ireland to Ellis Ireland. it is called the Irish Goodbye because the Irish up and left Ireland without telling anyone and leaving for no reason. The push factor was there was poor sanitation and over population. The pull factor was that wanted new job opportunities because the jobs in America made a lot more money then it did in Ireland.

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Goodbye to old Ireland!--Passengers on tender at Queenstown, going out to an ocean-liner

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1 photographic print on stereo card : stereograph.

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This primary source is a new article and the President is talking about how the immigration is going to effect New York and Ellis Island. The immigrants wanted to come to America for the push factor that they were all in property and they were struggling with diseases. They found out that America was going to be cleaner than Ireland and have more room to live. Also they would be making more money for the jobs they would be doing.

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Image 5 of The Irish standard (Minneapolis, Minn. ; St. Paul, Minn.), March 3, 1917

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One push factor would be that they weren't making enough money to support their family where they are living now and want their family to experience what it is like to have more money and be able to support their family without struggling. In this Primary source though the song is saying that he is going to miss his home but know that this new journey will get him more places. Another pull factory would be that they wanted Religious freedom for themselves and their families to live freely.

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In this song, "Poor Pat" professes his love for his homeland while acknowledging the hardships of life in Ireland as he prepares for his journey to the United States.

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A pull factor was the kids get better clothing and their whole family does too because they have more opportunity in America to make more money. Push factors were that the Irish people wanted to create better opportunity for their children than they had because the U.S. offered more working jobs for the children and their whole family could make more money.

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Some push factors for the Irish people was that they did not feel at home in Ireland anymore because so many of their family had left for the United States. A pull factor was that there were so many Irish people on the coast and in the North because that was closest for the Irish people to immigrate to.

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The Irish got pushed out of the US because they were in over populated factories working. These people were getting diseases because the place wasn't sanitized at all. People were getting sick all of the time and it wasn't a healthy working environment.

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A push factor would be that they were trying to get away from disease because if they got diseases they would not be allowed in ever. This made sure that all the other immigrants had a healthy and good opportunities, this was a pull factor because people wanted to come to a place that was sanitary and with better job and living opportunities.

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The Irish people are immigrated from Ireland to the Ellis Island in New York to become free and have more of a chance in life with their family. With the Irish coming to the United States, they get the chance to start a new life over again and let their family live on for generations.

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About this Item

Title

Emigrants [i.e. immigrants] landing at Ellis Island

Other Title

Immigrants landing at Ellis Island

Emigrants landing at Ellis Island

Summary

"Shows a large open barge loaded with people of every nationality, who have just arrived from Europe, disembarking at Ellis Island, N.Y. A most interesting and typical scene. Length 140 feet"-Edison films catalog.

The film opens with a view of the steam ferryboat "William Myers," laden with passengers, approaching a dock at the Ellis Island Immigration Station. The vessel is docked, the gangway is placed, and the immigrant passengers are seen coming up the gangway and onto the dock, where they cross in front of the camera.

Names

Abadie, Alfred C. (Alfred Camille), 1878-1950, camera.

Thomas A. Edison, Inc.

Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)

Created / Published

United States : Thomas A. Edison, Inc., 1903.

Headings

- Ellis Island Immigration Station (N.Y. and N.J.)

- Immigrants--New York (State)--New York

- Ports of entry--New York (State)--New York

Genre

Short films

Nonfiction films

Actualities (Motion pictures)

Notes

- H33775 U.S. Copyright Office

- Copyright: Thomas A. Edison; 24July1903; H33775.

- Duration: 2:20 at 15 fps.

- Camera, Alfred C. Abadie.

- Paper print shelf number (LC 1591) was changed when paper positive was rehoused.

- Additional holdings for this title may be available. Contact reference librarian.

- Photographed July 9, 1903.

- Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as digital files.

- Source used: Niver's Early motion pictures, p. 89.

- Early motion pictures : the Paper Print Collection in the Library of Congress / by Kemp R. Niver. Library of Congress. 1985.

- 35 mm dupe neg pic renumbered: FPE 5354 to FZA 2309.

Medium

viewing print 1 film reel of 1 (63 ft.) : si., b&w ; 16 mm.

viewing print 1 film reel of 1 (168 ft.) : si., b&w ; 35 mm.

dupe neg pic 1 film reel of 1 (63 ft.) : si., b&w ; 16 mm.

dupe neg pic 1 film reel of 1 (168 ft.) : si., b&w ; 35 mm.

paper pos 1 roll of 1 (ca. 150 ft.) : b&w ; 35 mm.

paper pos (copy 2) 1 roll of 1 (ca. 150 ft.) : b&w ; 35 mm.

Call Number/Physical Location

FLA 4605 (viewing print)

FEB 9433 (viewing print)

FRA 2839 (dupe neg pic)

FZA 2309 (dupe neg pic)

Box 0853A (paper pos)

Box 5532A (paper pos, copy 2)

Repository

Library of Congress Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA dcu

Digital Id

Library of Congress Control Number

Online Format

Format

Contributor

Location

Language

Subject

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress is not aware of any U.S. copyright or other restrictions in the vast majority of motion pictures in these collections. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.

In rare cases, copyrighted motion pictures are made available by special permission to the Library and may be used only for educational purposes. For example, the Gershwin home movies fall within this category. Rights assessment is your responsibility. No registration information exists for some titles, and reproduction of some titles may be restricted by privacy rights, publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. Additionally, some works may still be protected by copyright in the United States or some foreign countries. The written permission of the copyright owners in materials not in the public domain is required for distribution, reproduction, or other use of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use or other statutory exemptions.

Whenever possible, we provide information that we have about copyright owners and related matters in the catalog records, finding aids and other texts that accompany collections. You should consult the catalog information that accompanies each item for specific information. This catalog data provides the details known to the Library of Congress regarding the corresponding item and may assist you in making independent assessments of the legal status of these items for their desired uses. You should also consult restrictions associated with donations to the Library.

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division.

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For guidance about compiling full citations consult Citing Primary Sources.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Abadie, Alfred C. , Camera, Inc Thomas A. Edison, and Paper Print Collection. Emigrants i.e. immigrants landing at Ellis Island. United States: Thomas A. Edison, Inc, 1903. Video. https://www.loc.gov/item/00694367/.

APA citation style:

Abadie, A. C., Thomas A. Edison, I. & Paper Print Collection. (1903) Emigrants i.e. immigrants landing at Ellis Island. United States: Thomas A. Edison, Inc. [Video] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/00694367/.

MLA citation style:

Abadie, Alfred C. , Camera, Inc Thomas A. Edison, and Paper Print Collection. Emigrants i.e. immigrants landing at Ellis Island. United States: Thomas A. Edison, Inc, 1903. Video. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/00694367/>.

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Emigrants [i.e. immigrants] landing at Ellis Island

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
"Shows a large open barge loaded with people of every nationality, who have just arrived from Europe, disembarking at Ellis Island, N.Y. A most interesting and typical scene. Length 140 feet"-Edison films catalog. The film opens with a view of the steam ferryboat "William Myers," laden with passengers, approaching a dock at the Ellis Island Immigration Station.

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The Irish wrote a song about how people didn't want Irish working for them. This really made the Irish push out of the US because they weren't getting jobs so they were living a unhealthy lifestyle. People had to move back to make money for their family because they were getting no income in the US.

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Anti-Irish sentiment may refer to or include oppression, persecution, discrimination, or hatred of Irish people as an ethnic group or nation, whether directed against the island of Ireland in general or against Irish emigrants and their descendants in the Irish diaspora.

It is traditionally rooted in the Middle Ages, Early Modern Age and in the Age of Enlightenment and is also evidenced in Irish immigration to Great Britain, North America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Anti-Irish sentiment can include both social, racial and cultural discrimination in Ireland itself, such as sectarianism or cultural religious political conflicts in the Troubles of Northern Ireland.

Over the centuries, hostility increased towards the Irish, who steadfastly remained Roman Catholic in spite of coercive force by Edward VI and subsequent rulers to convert them to Protestantism. The religious majority of the Irish nation was ruled by a religious minority, leading to perennial social conflict. During the Great Famine in the middle of the 19th century, some evangelical Protestants sought to convert the starving Catholics as part of their relief efforts.

Negative English attitudes towards the Gaelic Irish and their culture date as far back as the reign of Henry II of England. In 1155 Pope Adrian IV issued the papal bull called Laudabiliter, that gave Henry permission to conquer Ireland as a means of strengthening the Papacy's control over the Irish Church. Pope Adrian called the Irish a "rude and barbarous" nation. Thus, the Norman invasion of Ireland began in 1169 with the backing of the Papacy. Pope Alexander III, who was Pope at the time of the invasion, ratified the Laudabiliter and gave Henry dominion over Ireland. He likewise called the Irish a "barbarous nation" with "filthy practices".

Gerald of Wales accompanied King Henry's son, John, on his 1185 trip to Ireland. As a result of this he wrote Topographia Hibernica ("Topography of Ireland") and Expugnatio Hibernia ("Conquest of Ireland"), both of which remained in circulation for centuries afterwards. Ireland, in his view, was rich; but the Irish were backward and lazy:

They use their fields mostly for pasture. Little is cultivated and even less is sown. The problem here is not the quality of the soil but rather the lack of industry on the part of those who should cultivate it. This laziness means that the different types of minerals with which hidden veins of the earth are full are neither mined nor exploited in any way. They do not devote themselves to the manufacture of flax or wool, nor to the practice of any mechanical or mercantile act. Dedicated only to leisure and laziness, this is a truly barbarous people. They depend on animals for their livelihood and they live like animals.

Gerald was not atypical, and similar views may be found in the writings of William of Malmesbury and William of Newburgh. When it comes to Irish marital and sexual customs Gerald is even more biting: "This is a filthy people, wallowing in vice. They indulge in incest, for example in marrying - or rather debauching - the wives of their dead brothers". Even earlier than this Archbishop Anselm accused the Irish of wife swapping, "exchanging their wives as freely as other men exchange their horses".

One will find these views echoed centuries later in the words of Sir Henry Sidney, twice Lord Deputy of Ireland during the reign of Elizabeth I, and in those of Edmund Tremayne, his secretary. In Tremayne's view the Irish "commit whoredom, hold no wedlock, ravish, steal and commit all abomination without scruple of conscience". In A View of the Present State of Ireland, circulated in 1596 but not published until 1633, the English official and renowned poet Edmund Spenser wrote "They are all papists by profession but in the same so blindingly and brutishly informed that you would rather think them atheists or infidels". In a "Brief Note on Ireland," Spenser argued that "Great force must be the instrument but famine must be the means, for till Ireland be famished it cannot be subdued. . . There can be no conformity of government where is no conformity of religion. . . There can be no sound agreement between two equal contraries viz: the English and Irish".

In the Early Modern period following the advent of Protestantism in Great Britain, the Irish people suffered both social and political oppression for refusing to renounce Catholicism. This discrimination sometimes manifested itself in areas with large Puritan or Presbyterian populations such as the northeastern parts of Ireland, the Central Belt of Scotland, and parts of Canada. Thinly veiled nationalism under the guise of religious conflict has occurred in both the UK and Ireland.

Anti-Irish sentiment is found in works by several 18th-century writers such as Voltaire, who depicted the Catholic Irish as savage and backward, and defended British rule in the country.

Irish racism in Victorian Britain and 19th century United States included the stereotyping of the Irish as violent and alcoholic. Some English illustrators depicted a prehistoric "ape-like image" of Irish faces to bolster evolutionary racist claims that the Irish people were an "inferior race" as compared to Anglo-Saxons.

Similar to other immigrant populations, they were sometimes accused of cronyism and subjected to misrepresentations of their religious and cultural beliefs. Irish Catholics were particularly singled out for attack by Protestants.[failed verification ]

In Liverpool, England, where many Irish immigrants settled following the Great Famine, anti-Irish prejudice was widespread. The sheer numbers of people coming across the Irish sea and settling in the poorer districts of the city led to physical attacks and it became common practice for those with Irish accents or even Irish names to be barred from jobs, public houses and employment opportunities.

In 1836, young Benjamin Disraeli wrote:

[The Irish] hate our order, our civilization, our enterprising industry, our pure religion. This wild, reckless, indolent, uncertain and superstitious race have no sympathy with the English character. Their ideal of human felicity is an alternation of clannish broils and coarse idolatry. Their history describes an unbroken circle of bigotry and blood.

During the 1830s in the U.S., riots for control of job sites broke out in rural areas among rival labour teams from different parts of Ireland, and between Irish and local American work teams competing for construction jobs.

Irish Catholics were isolated and marginalized by Protestant society, but the Irish gained control of the Catholic Church from English, French and Germans. Intermarriage between Catholics and Protestants was strongly discouraged by both Protestant ministers and Catholic priests. Catholics, led by the Irish, built a network of parochial schools and colleges, as well as orphanages and hospitals, typically using nuns as an inexpensive work force. They thereby avoided public institutions mostly controlled by Protestants.

"No Irish need apply"

After 1860, many Irish sang songs about "NINA signs" reading Help wanted - no Irish need apply. (A variation was Irish need not apply, or "INNA"). The 1862 song "No Irish Need Apply" was inspired by NINA signs in London. Later Irish Americans adapted the lyrics and the songs to reflect the discrimination they felt in America.

Historians have debated the issue of anti-Irish job discrimination in the United States. Some insist that the "No Irish need apply" signs were common, but others, such as Richard J. Jensen, argue that anti-Irish job discrimination was not a significant factor in the United States, and these signs and print advertisements were posted by the limited number of early 19th-century English immigrants to the United States who shared the prejudices of their homeland. In July 2015 the same journal that published Jensen's 2002 paper published a rebuttal by Rebecca A. Fried, an 8th-grade student at Sidwell Friends School. She listed multiple instances of the restriction used in advertisements for many different types of positions, including "clerks at stores and hotels, bartenders, farm workers, house painters, hog butchers, coachmen, bookkeepers, blackers, workers at lumber yards, upholsterers, bakers, gilders, tailors, and papier mache workers, among others." While the greatest number of NINA instances occurred in the 1840s, Fried found instances for its continued use throughout the subsequent century, with the most recent dating to 1909 in Butte, Montana.

In 1934, J. B. Priestley published the travelogue English Journey, in which he wrote "A great many speeches have been made and books written on the subject of what England has done to Ireland... I should be interested to hear a speech and read a book or two on the subject of what Ireland has done to England... if we do have an Irish Republic as our neighbour, and it is found possible to return her exiled citizens, what a grand clearance there will be in all the western ports, from the Clyde to Cardiff, what a fine exit of ignorance and dirt and drunkenness and disease."

Since the formation of Northern Ireland in 1921, there has been tension and violence between its two main communities. Most of the Irish nationalist/ republican community are Catholic and see themselves as Irish, while most of the unionist/ loyalist community are Protestant and see themselves as British. Since the Troubles began in the late 1960s, loyalists have consistently expressed anti-Irish sentiment. Irish tricolours, daubed with the loyalist slogan "Kill All Irish" (KAI), have been burnt on the yearly Eleventh Night bonfires. In August 1993 the Red Hand Commando announced that it would attack pubs or hotels where Irish folk music is played, although it withdrew the threat shortly after. In 2000, loyalists made posters and banners that read "The Ulster conflict is about nationality. IRISH OUT!". Some of the Provisional IRA's bombings in England led to anti-Irish sentiment and attacks on the Irish community there. After the Birmingham pub bombings, for example, there were reports of isolated attacks on Irish people and Irish-owned businesses in the Australian press. In the 1990s, writers for the newspaper "called for Irish people to be banned from UK sporting events and fined for IRA disruption to public transport", one of numerous opinions expressed over many years which has led the Daily Mail to be accused by some in Ireland of publishing "some of the most virulently anti-Irish journalism in Britain for decades".

In 2002, English journalist Julie Burchill narrowly escaped prosecution for incitement to racial hatred, following a column in The Guardian where she described Ireland as being synonymous with "child molestation, Nazi-sympathising, and the oppression of women." Burchill had expressed anti-Irish sentiment several times throughout her career, announcing in the London journal that "I hate the Irish, I think they're appalling".

In August 2009, a man from Birmingham, England, received a suspended sentence after making derogatory comments to a police officer, who was of Irish origin. The prosecutor said the man had made racist remarks about the officer, including accusations that the officer was a "plastic Paddy".

In 2012, The Irish Times carried a report on anti-Irish prejudice in Britain. It claimed that far-right British nationalist groups continued to use "anti-IRA" marches as "an excuse to attack and intimidate Irish immigrants". Shortly before the 2012 Summer Olympics, British athlete Daley Thompson made an anti-Irish statement on live television. When Thompson was shown an image of a runner with a misspelt tattoo, he said that the person responsible for the misspelling must have been Irish. The BBC issued an apology.

In March 2012 in Perth, Australia, one classified ad placed by a bricklayer stated "No Irish" should apply for the job.

On 8 August 2012, an article appeared in Australian newspapers titled "Punch Drunk: Ireland intoxicated as Taylor swings towards boxing gold". The article claimed that Katie Taylor was not "what you'd expect in a fighting Irishwoman, nor is she surrounded by people who'd prefer a punch to a potato". The journalist who wrote it apologised for "indulging racial stereotypes". The following day, Australian commentator Russell Barwick asserted that athletes from Ireland should compete for the British Olympic team, likening it to "an Hawaiian surfer not surfing for the USA". When fellow presenter Mark Chapman explained that the Republic of Ireland was an independent state, Barwick remarked: "It's nothing but an Irish joke".

On 25 June 2013, In an Orange Order HQ in Everton, an Irish flag was burned. This was seen by members of Liverpool's large Irish community as a hate crime.

In December 2014 British broadcaster Channel 4 caused an "outrage" and "fury" in Ireland and the UK when it planned a comedy series about the Irish Famine. The sitcom named Hungry, was announced by writer Hugh Travers, who said "we're kind of thinking of it as in famine Ireland." The response in Ireland was quick and negative: "Jewish people would never endorse making a comedy of the mass extermination of their ancestors at the hands of the Nazis, Cambodians would never support people laughing at what happened to their people at the hands of the Khmer Rouge and the people of Somalia, Ethiopia or Sudan would never accept the plight of their people, through generational famine, being the source of humour in Britain," Dublin councillor David McGuinness said. "I am not surprised that it is a British television outlet funding this venture." The writer defended the concept saying, "Comedy equals tragedy plus time." It is reported that thousands of people signed an online petition protesting against the proposed series. The petition stated: 'Famine or genocide is no laughing matter, approximately one million Irish people died and another two million were forced to emigrate because they were starving...Any program on this issue would have to be of serious historical context... not a comedy.' Channel 4 issued a press release stating that "This in the development process and is not currently planned to air... It's not unusual for sitcoms to exist against backdrops that are full of adversity and hardship". Protesters from the Irish community planned to picket the offices of Channel 4 and campaigners called the proposed show 'institutionalised anti-Irish racism'.

American rapper Azelia Banks made racist comments about Irish people after leaving an Aer Lingus flight early to Dublin, Ireland due to a row with an air stewardess in January 2019, by calling them 'fucking ugly' on Instagram. Banks also labelled Irish people 'inbred' and referred to them as ' leprechauns,' adding 'most of you can't talk or write.' She also mocked the Famine on Instagram by asking a follower; 'don't you have a famine to go die in?' The following day, she said she would dedicate her Dublin show to "beautiful Irish women."

Irish Travellers are an ethnic and cultural minority present for centuries in Ireland, who suffer overt discrimination throughout Ireland and the United Kingdom, similar in nature to antiziganism (prejudice against Romani people) in the United Kingdom and Europe. Anti-Traveller racism is similar to that experienced by the Irish during the diaspora of the 19th century, with media attack campaigns in the United Kingdom, and in Ireland using both national/local newspapers and radio. Irish Travellers in the Irish media have stated they are living in Ireland under an apartheid regime. In 2013, Irish journalist Jennifer O'Connell, writing in The Irish Times, wrote that "Our casual racism against Travellers is one of Ireland's last great shames". While there is a willingness to acknowledge that there is widespread prejudice towards Travellers in Irish society, and a recognition of discrimination against Travellers, there is still strong resistance among the Irish public to calling the treatment of Travellers racist. Travellers suffer discrimination in employment and secondary school place allocation.

Extensive abuses of social systems like the housing scheme, welfare schemes, and resource teachers for Travellers in primary schools perpetuate the social conflict between Travellers and "the settled community", examples including the burning down of houses allocated to the Travellers by the state due to Traveller feuds. These feuds between large Traveller families often culminate in mass brawls where dozens of Travellers cause damage to themselves as well as public and private property. In 2013 a Traveller home in Ballyshannon, Co Donegal was destroyed by fire days before members of a Traveller family were due to move in. Local Councillor Pearse Doherty said the house was specifically targeted because it was to house a Traveller family and was destroyed due to a 'hatred of Travellers'. Another local Councillor Sean McEniff of Bundoran caused controversy and a complaint under the 'Incitement to Hatred Act' when he stated that, due to the house's initial purchase, Travellers "should live in isolation from the settled community." and "I would not like these people (the family) living beside me".

The British television series Big Fat Gypsy Weddings has been accused of bullying and an instigation of racial hatred against Irish Travellers in England. The series has faced a number of controversies, including allegations of racism in its advertising and instigating a rise in the rate of racially motivated bullying.

1. John Richardson, ^ A Short History of the Attempts that have been Made to Convert the Popish Natives of Ireland, to the Establish'd Religion: with a Proposal for their Conversion, London, 1712, p. 15. Retrieved 8 August 1712.

2. "'^ The Widow's Mite': private relief during the Great Famine," from 18th-19th Century Social Perspectives, 18th-19th - Century History, Features, Issue 2 (Mar/Apr 2008), The Famine, Volume 16, reprinted online by History Ireland, 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.

3. Austin Lane Poole. ^ From Domesday book to Magna Carta, 1087-1216. Oxford University Press 1993. pp. 303-304.

4. ^ Hull, Eleanor. "POPE ADRIAN'S BULL "LAUDABILITER" AND NOTE UPON IT", from A History of Ireland and Her People (1931).

5. Hastings, Adrian (1997). ^ The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59391-3, ISBN 0-521-62544-0. pp. 83-84.

6. ^ Jensen, Richard (2002, revised for web 2004) "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of Victimization". Journal of Social History issn.36.2 pp.405-429

7. "Voltaire's writing, particular in this field of history, show by this stage in his career Ireland and the Catholic Irish had become shorthand reference to extreme religious fanaticism and general degeneracy".Gargett, Graham: "Some Reflections on Voltaire's ^ L'lngenu and a Hitherto Neglected Source: the Questions sur les miracles" in The Secular City: Studies in the Enlightenment : Presented to Haydn Mason edited by T. D. Hemming, Edward Freeman, David Meakin University of Exeter Press, 1994 ISBN 0859894169.

8. ^ W. H. A. Williams (1996). 'Twas Only an Irishman's Dream: The Image of Ireland and the Irish in American Popular Song Lyrics, 1800-1920. University of Illinois Press. pp. 148-49.

9. Wohl, Anthony S. (1990) "Racism and Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England". The Victorian Web

10. ^ James C. Carper and Thomas C. Hunt (2007). The Dissenting Tradition in American Education. Peter Lang. p. 29ff.

11. ^ Fried, Rebecca A. (4 July 2015). "No Irish Need Deny: Evidence for the Historicity of NINA Restrictions in Advertisements and Signs". Journal of Social History. doi:10.1093/jsh/shv066. Archived from the original on 5 August 2015.

12. Fried, Rebecca A. (2015) "No Irish Need Deny: Evidence for the Historicity of NINA Restrictions in Advertisements and Signs" ^ Journal of Social History 48. Accessed 17 July 2015. doi: 10.1093/jsh/shv066. In addition to job postings, the article also surveys evidence relevant to several of Jensen's subsidiary arguments, including lawsuits involving NINA publications, NINA restrictions in housing solicitations, Irish-American responses to NINA advertisements, and the use of NINA advertisements in Confederate propaganda", and concludes (per the abstract) that "Jensen's thesis about the highly limited extent of NINA postings requires revision", and that "the earlier view of historians generally accepting the widespread reality of the NINA phenomenon is better supported by the currently available evidence."

13. ^ "UK military justice was 'anti-Irish': secret report". Irish Independent, 7 August 2005. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

14. ^ Chronology of the Conflict: August 1993. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN).

15. ^ "Loyalist Feud: 31 July - 2 September 2000". Pat Finucane Centre. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

16. ^ "Anti-Irish newspaper plans to launch edition here". Irish Independent, 25 September 2005. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

17. ^ The Sunday Business Post, 25 August 2002, Unruly Julie: Julie Burchill Archived 13 May 2005 at the Wayback Machine

18. McCarthy, Ross (11 August 2009). '^ Birmingham man given suspended sentence for racist remarks Archived 25 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine', Birmingham Mail

19. ^ "Daley Thompson in race row over anti-Irish joke on BBC". Irish Independent. 2 December 2012.

20. ^ "Aussie journalist 'sorry' for suggesting Ireland should join Team GB". thejournal.ie.

21. ^ "ESPN's Aussie presenter's Irish Olympic rant". Irish Echo. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012.

22. ^ "Liverpool Confidential your guide to city life, eating out, night life, food and drink, bars, and more". Liverpool Confidential. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015.

23. ^ Burrell, Ian (2 January 2015). "Potato famine comedy prompts Irish outrage at Channel 4". The Independent.

24. ^ Beatty, Jilly (2 January 2015). "Fury as British TV station commissions family sitcom based on the Irish famine". Irish Mirror.

25. "Jack Crone 'Is this the most tasteless idea for a sitcom ever? Channel 4 commissions 'new Shameless' to be set during the Irish POTATO FAMINE' (3 Jan 2015) The Daily Mail" ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2895252/Is-tasteless-idea-sitcom-Channel-4-commissions-new-Shameless-set-Irish-POTATO-FAMINE.html

26. ^ Famine historian Tim Pat Coogan criticizes Channel 4 sitcom Irish Central 5 Jan 2015

27. ^ Demo planned over famine comedy: Protesters to descend on Channel 4 Chortle, 8 January 2015

28. ^ Moriarty, Aoife. "Azealia Banks: 'I want to dedicate this to all the beautiful Irish women'". The Irish Times.

29. ^ "On the Road to Recognition: Irish Travellers' quest for Ethnic Identity (Saint Louis University of Law)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014.

30. Jane Helleiner (1 May 2003). Irish Travellers: Racism and the Politics of Culture. University of Toronto Press. pp. 29-. ISBN 978-0-8020-8628-0.

31. ^ Pavee Point - Unless otherwise noted. "Pavee Point Factsheets - Travellers and Work". Paveepoint.ie. Archived from the original on 27 March 2009.

32. ^ Sweney, Mark (3 October 2012). "Big Fat Gypsy Weddings poster 'endorsed negative stereotypes'". London: The Guardian.

33. ^ Plunkett, John (16 October 2012). "Big Fat Gypsy Weddings 'has increased bullying of Gypsies and Travellers'". London: The Guardian.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Anti-Irish sentiment may refer to or include oppression, persecution, discrimination, or hatred of Irish people as an ethnic group or nation, whether directed against the island of Ireland in general or against Irish emigrants and their descendants in the Irish diaspora.