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although his dictionary was not the first dictionary, it was the largest one and the most remembered one

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the settling down of rules of grammar, spelling and word meanings
people felt the language needed regulating as it was believed that the classical languages like Latin and Greek were

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English was standardised differently in many smaller communities, i.e villages

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The setting down of rules of grammar, spelling and word meanings

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Caxton did this... selecting the standard form from the most affluent areas

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there had been grammars produced earlier than this but they weren't very influential.
some linguistics propose that they were influential during the 18th C because of the rise of the middle class.

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the development of grammars, dictionaries and spelling patterns

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create academic snobbery

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One of the first people to make prescriptive comments.
Not use prepositions at the end of sentences
(Word preposition suggests it should come before the noun)
He called for an English verse Francais and looked for a body of scholars to oversee the creation of the dictionary as the arbiter of correct french

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Omar suggests that standard form came from the most affluent areas (1991)

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words created by academics

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1604 - first dictionary by Robert Cawdrey

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1604 - first dictionary by Robert Cawdrey

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elaboration: the use of the standard variety in the areas such as literature, law, courts, education, administration and commerce

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'An East Midlands accent was the basis of London speech

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a renowned scholar, provided a table of recommended spellings for around 9000 words. vowels came spelled in a more consistent manner.

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influence of Latin decreases. grammar schools began to use Latin through the medium of English rather than through french

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Terms created by academics - people said they interfered with the native English dialect

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•Symbolise identity: regionally, socially & ethnically.

•Gives prestige to speakers – but can also cause a social barrier between those who speak it and those who do not.

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the use of language in written society e.g literature business and commerce - occurred during renaissance

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lang based on the dialects of the city of london, westminstere and essex

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Based on dialects of London, Essex and Westminster - these dialects had a large influence

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“An East Midland dialect was the basis of London speech, and London was the seat of government and the cultural centre of the nation, besides being by far the largest city in the country. The London dialect was in fact a rather mixed one, but in the fourteenth century it seems to have been basically East Midlands in type, with influences from the neighbouring South Eastern and Southern dialects.”

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•Between 1650 & 1710, there was a movement among scholars calling for the setting up of an academy run on similar lines to the current Academie Francaise.

•This academy would be responsible for regulating and correcting usage and banning any phrases they found unacceptable.

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This didn’t happen. Quirk (1982 – cited in Edwards, 1984) notes a consistent Anglo-Saxon aversion to ‘linguistic engineering’ and scorn towards languages that depended on academies to regulate their language.

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Standardisation often creates a barrier between those who speak it and those who do not (usually the Upper Class who have the ability to use it).

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At this time, there was a move towards standardisation, as the conventions used by the Chancery Scribes became influential over the mass population. However, there still continued to be a lack of uniformity in spelling and punctuation, to the extent that there was a diverse array of spellings in the works of individual authors:

Caxton used two spellings “booke” and “boke” in the same passage (Crystal, 1995).

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•A renowned scholar, provided a table of recommended spellings for around 9000 words. Vowels came to spelled in a more consistent manner.

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•The setting down of rules of grammar, spelling and word meanings.

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•Research into science, medicine & arts – new ideas = new words.

•Interest in the classics prompted a large amount of translations to be produced & new lexis to be added to the lexicon – its etymology rooted in Latin & Greek.

•Many saw it as their role to ‘enrich’ the lexicon (Crystal, 1995)

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Many of the rules by grammarians are still with us today.
1) to bodly go
2) shouldn't have prepositions at the end of sentences
3) shouldn't have multiple negatives in a sentence

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1762 - A short introduction to English grammar - at least 22 editions were produced during the 18th C.

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The way in which a language variety has been codified throughout its development - written, grammar, spelling books, dictionaries and the se of language within literature.