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In February 2019 compared with January 2019, seasonally adjusted industrial production fell by 0.2% in the euro area (EA19) and remained unchanged the EU28, according to estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In January 2019, industrial production grew by 1.9% in... more

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Often mined Resources for CLIL by Alfredo
English version of the same textbook students own in Italian (e.g.: 12nd ed. Hurt’s for organic chemistry is the same of Zanichelli’s Italian Ed.)
English Wikipedia
TED
YouTube
Topic focused - Specific websites.
Oxford Chemistry Primers (books collection by Oxford Science Publications, really excellent resources)

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Cookies are small files placed on your device that collect information when you use Khan Academy. Strictly necessary cookies are used to make our site work and are required. Other types of cookies are used to improve your experience, to analyze how Khan Academy is used, and to market our service. You can allow these other cookies by checking the boxes below. You can learn more in our cookie policy

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Group: Trasatti, Vita, Gatti
Resources: www.ec.europa.eu/eurostat
www.bbc.com/news
www.europa.eu/european-union/law
www. britannica.com
www.un.org
www.en.wikipedia.org
www.youtube.com

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The USA in 1929

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The 1920s saw enormous prosperity for the nation as a whole and for individuals who made fortunes speculating on the stock market. On October 24, 1929, it all came crashing down. Stock prices fell dramatically. Panicked investors sold in droves and prices dropped even more. Financiers such as J.P.

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An overview on  encryption algorithms commonly used in computer communications.

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Encryption algorithms are commonly used in computer communications, including FTP transfers. Usually they are used to provide secure transfers. If an algorithm is used in a transfer, the file is first translated into a seemingly meaningless cipher text and then transferred in this configuration; the receiving computer uses a key to translate the cipher into its original form. So if the message or file is intercepted before it reaches the receiving computer it is in an unusable (or encrypted) form.

Here are some commonly used algorithms:

This is an encryption algorithm called Data Encryption Standard that was first used by the U.S. Government in the late 70's. It is commonly used in ATM machines (to encrypt PINs) and is utilized in UNIX password encryption. Triple DES or 3DES has replaced the older versions as a more secure method of encryption, as it encrypts data three times and uses a different key for at least one of the versions.

Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher that is unpatented and free to use. It was developed by Bruce Schneier and introduced in 1993.

Advanced Encryption Standard or Rijndael; it uses the Rijndael block cipher approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). AES was originated by cryptographers Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen and replaced DES as the U.S. Government encryption technique in 2000.

Twofish is a block cipher designed by Counterpane Labs. It was one of the five Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) finalists and is unpatented and open source.

This encryption algorithm was used in Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) Version 2 and is an optional algorithm in OpenPGP. IDEA features 64 bit blocks with a 128 bit key.

MD5 was developed by Professor Ronald Riverst and was used to create digital signatures. It is a one way hash function and intended for 32 bit machines. It replaced the MD4 algorithm.

SHA 1 is a hashing algorithm similar to MD5, yet SHA 1 may replace MD5 since it offers more security

This is a hashing method similar to MD5 and SHA 1, sometimes referred to as HMAC MD5 and HMAC SHA1.

RC4 RC4 is a variable key size stream cipher based on the use of a random permutation.

RC5 This is a parameterized algorithm with a variable block, key size and number of rounds.

RC6 This an evolution of RC5, it is also a parameterized algorithm that has variable block, key and a number of rounds. This algorithm has integer multiplication and 4 bit working registers.

At TopTenREVIEWS We Do the Research So You Don t Have To.

MyCrypto.net. (n.d.). Encryption algorithms. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from http://www.mycrypto.net/encryption/crypto_algorithms.html

Webopedia. (2006). What is encryption algorithm? A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary. Jupitermedia Corporation. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/encryption_algorithm.html

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Encryption algorithms are commonly used in computer communications, including FTP transfers. Usually they are used to provide secure transfers. If an algorithm is used in a transfer, the file is first translated into a seemingly meaningless cipher text and then transferred in this configuration; the receiving computer uses a key to translate the cipher into its original form.

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Interesting video about conic sections from Khan Academy

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Interesting video about conic sections from Khan Academy

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https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra2/intro-to-conics-alg2/conic-section-intro-alg2/v/introduction-to-conic-sections

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A PDF file from Zanichelli CLIL Physics ebook

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You-tube channels
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH4BNI0-FOK2dMXoFtViWHw
https://www.youtube.com/user/TEDtalksDirector
https://www.youtube.com/user/AmoebaSisters
https://www.youtube.com/user/NOVAonline/playlists
WEB-PAGES- PAPERS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Wikipedia
https://www.scientificamerican.com/the-sciences/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
https://elt.oup.com/elt/students/networkitaly/clil/Network_1_CLIL_Lessons.pdf?cc=it&selLanguage=it
BOOKs

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Personal Padlet about CS resources

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A web site full of useful materials.

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Have you tried a Concept Builder lately? You should. This growing collection of cognitively-rich exercises will focus student attention on discrete learning goals. Filled with interactive elements, this section is the perfect tool for getting students thinking about the meaning of concepts. Perfect for students and 1:1 classrooms using iPads, Chromebooks, and the like. And for Chemistry types, we've added a large collection of Chemistry Concept Builders.

Minds On Physics - Version 5 is the HTML5 version of Minds On Physics that replaces our App and Legacy versions. Relying on a large bank of carefully crafted questions, Minds On Physics seeks to improve students' conceptions of physics. "MOPs" combines interactive questioning modules with a thorough, question-specific Help system to engage students in an exercise in thinking, reflecting and learning. Version 5 is our best-yet version of Minds On Physics. There is a fully functional free version and a paid version that integrates seamlessly with our Task Tracker system and offers some rather enticing features.

Version 2 of the Calculator Pad is now available. Our newest version includes >2500 Physics and Chemistry problems organized into >250 ready-to-use problem sets. Numerical information is randomly-generated. An answer box allows students to solve and check their answers. Most problems are accompanied by an audio-guided solution that explains how to solve a similar problem while hilighting the habits that can be adopted for solving any problem. Teachers with Task Tracker accounts can modify problems and problem sets and even create their own problems. Task Tracker also allows teachers to assign problems to their students and track their progress.

Concept Checkers were built to coordinate with the Physics Interactives section of our website. Relying upon our Task Tracker tool to deliver questions, check answers, and track student progress, a Concept Checker is designed to coordinate with an interactive simulation. Use it as a follow-up check to understanding after exploring the simulation. Most sims are accompanied by a Concept Checker. Some sims have Task Tracker code built into the simulation. But not all sims will have a Concept Checker. Concept Checkers can be used with or without a Task Tracker account.

The Science Reasoning Center is our most recent upgrade. This section (once complete) will include more than 50 activities that are perfect for encouraging scientific reasoning skills. Students use science and engineering practices, combined with cross cutting science concepts and core ideas from the disciplines of physics (and chemistry) to analyze phenomenon, experiments, and data presentations. NOTE: We broke ground in April of 2023; we should have a large portion of content available by August of 2023. We will continue work throughout the 2023-24 school year.

A collection of pages with questions and answers/explanations which serve as reviews or practice. Each review complements a chapter from The Physics Classroom Tutorial.

A variety of question-and-answer pages which target specific concepts and skills. Topics range from the graphical analysis of motion and drawing free body diagrams to a discussion of vectors and vector addition.

Calling all high school juniors: You've trusted The Physics Classroom to help prepare you for that unit exam in physics. Why not trust us to help prepare you for the biggest test of the year - the ACT test? That's right. Let the TPC help you with the ACT.

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The Physics Classroom serves students, teachers and classrooms by providing classroom-ready resources that utilize an easy-to-understand language that makes learning interactive and multi-dimensional. Written by teachers for teachers and students, The Physics Classroom provides a wealth of resources…

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A brief video

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Activities about Human Rights

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A ppt about ancient philosophy

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a video by History Channel

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An interesting reading with excercises about The Cold War

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a video about Galilei by History Channel

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https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/classical-greece/a/greek-culture

Here you can find also interactive exercises
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/classical-greece/e/key-concepts--greek-culture-and-society

Focus on ancient philosophy: a short video about Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/classical-greece/v/socrates-plato-aristotle

Interdisciplinay link: Raphael's School of Athens
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/renaissance-art-europe-ap/v/raphael-school-of-athens

Thematic module about The Happiness: the good life for Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Kant and Nietzsche.
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/wi-phi/wiphi-value-theory/wiphi-good-life/v/the-good-life-plato

Epicurus' cure for unhappiness
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/wi-phi/wiphi-history/wiphi-ancient/v/epicurus-cure-for-unhappiness

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- [Instructor] Ancient Greece was not even a cohesive empire. It was made up of many city states, led by Athens and Sparta. But, despite its fragmentation, it's made innumerable contributions to, not just Western civilization, but civilization as a whole. And those are contributions in terms of forms of governance, like democracy, contributions in medicine, contributions in the arts, in mathematics, in the sciences. But perhaps their most famous contribution is in terms of philosophy. And if we're going to talk about philosophy in ancient Greece, the most famous three philosophers are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Now, before we get into the first of them, and really the teacher of Plato, who was then the teacher of Aristotle, let's get a little bit of context on this time period. So, as we enter into the fifth century BCE, a couple of things are emerging. First, you have a new Athenian democracy. Then, as you get into that century, the Persians invade, try to conquer Greece several times, but unsuccessfully. But then, the Greeks start fighting amongst themselves, led on one side by Athens, on the other side by Sparta, and that's the Peloponnesian War, which ends with Sparta being victorious, but all of the Greek city states being weakened dramatically. Now, between the end, especially the first part of the Greco-Persian Wars, and the end of the Peloponnesian War, it was actually a time of Athenian prosperity. They were leading this semi-empire, they were investing in the arts, and it's often called the Golden Age of Athens, and that's the world in which Socrates emerged. Like many philosophers, Socrates led a very interesting life, and it's worth noting what we know about him does not come directly from his writing. We don't have surviving accounts of his writing. It comes mainly through the writing of his students, Xenophon, and, most notably, Plato. We also get some parody of Socrates from Aristophanes, that Socrates himself did not appreciate much. But what we know is that he started in life, he was a stone mason, he even acted as a soldier, a hoplite, during the Peloponnesian War. But he is, of course, most famous for being a philosopher and for being a teacher. And his teaching style, the Socratic method, is still viewed as something of a best practice today. Rather than lecturing students, to, instead, ask incisive questions that force a student to deepen their thinking and get closer to the root of an issue, and to learn how to think rather than just having knowledge transmitted to them. Now, what's also notable about Socrates and his many students, including Plato and Aristotle, is that they took a departure of how to think about the world from most of the ancient world. Most of the ancient world was focused on the gods and the metaphysical explaining everything. And, while the ancient Greeks did have a large pantheon of gods, Socrates and his fellow philosophers tried to figure out how the world works, why we are here, somewhat independent of the gods. They tried to reason it through, they tried to talk it through, think about it from a rational point of view. And to get a flavor of that, here is a quote. "True wisdom comes to each of us when we realize "how little we understand about life, ourselves, "and the world around us." So, unlike many ancient societies that just tried to explain everything through the metaphysical or through the gods, here you have Socrates saying, no, an ideal true wisdom is when you appreciate how little we know, this form of intellectual humility. Now, Socrates lived during this Golden Age of Athens, a time when democracy was flourishing, the Age of Pericles. But he himself was a little bit skeptical of unfettered or pure democracy. He was worried, well, what if the people voting aren't educated to make the types of decisions? Maybe they can be manipulated by a demagogue, someone who just tells 'em exactly what they want to hear. And so he was a bit of a controversial figure, especially as you get to the end of the Peloponnesian War. Remember, Athens loses the Peloponnesian War. It went from being this powerful head of this Delian League, something of an empire, this wealthy city, and now it's a subjugated state, it's tired from war. And so you can imagine there's a lot of political infighting, and Socrates ends up being one of the casualties. He is actually put on trial by his fellow Athenians. This is a depiction of the trial of Socrates, and it shows Socrates defending himself from the accusations brought against him. Refusing to recognize the gods acknowledged by the state, importing strange divinities of his own, corrupting the young. And his defense, which both Xenophon and Plato write about, called The Apology, he's bewildered, he says, where is all of this coming from? Now, it is true, he did not invoke the gods when he's trying to explain the universe. And, yes, he was trying to teach the young to think. But by no means, if you look at what he was doing, or at least our modern accounts coming through Plato and Xenophon, does it seem like he was trying to undermine the state in some way. But, needless to say, it comes to a vote, and maybe he's a victim of his own fears of a pure democratic process, but, amongst the 500 Athenians voting, 280 say that he is guilty, and 220 say that he is not guilty. He is given a chance to think about what his penalty should be. And the charges, at least in the Athenian's minds, were quite serious. But Socrates famously says, "An unexamined life is not worth living." And so, even though many historians think that he might have been able to get exile if he asked for it, he was sentenced to death. And this is a painting done much, much later of what that death of Socrates might have looked like. But you see here Socrates about to, or maybe he just drank the hemlock, which is the poison which will kill him. So, even though he had to die for these pretty spurious allegations, his legacy lives on, and it lives on most famously in his student Plato. Now, Plato is famous for many things. There's this notion of a Platonic ideal form that, whether you're talking about a circle, or a ball, or a dog, or a chair, that there's an ideal form that is independent of what your senses are telling you, or what the chair in front of you might be, that that's an imperfect version of that ideal form. The word Platonic, in general, you'll hear applied to many different concepts, some of the meanings having changed over time. The other thing that Plato is famous for is the notion of an academy. The place where he taught his students was a little field outside the walls of Athens, named for the Athenian hero Akademos, and so that area became known as Plato's Academy. And ever since then, places of learning have often been referred to as academies, just like Khan Academy. But Plato was also concerned, like his teacher Socrates, with the nature of how we should be ruled. "There will be no end to the troubles of states, "or indeed of humanity itself, till philosophers "become rulers in this world, or till those "we now call kings and rulers really and truly "become philosophers, and political power and philosophy "thus come into the same hands." So, like Socrates, he's weary of how they have been governed. And, remember, we're now after the period of the Peloponnesian War. The city states of Greece, especially Athens, have been dramatically weakened, so a lot of people might be thinking, including Plato, is there a better way to govern ourselves? Now, Plato's most famous student is Aristotle. And, like his teacher, Aristotle is famous for many things and explored many dimensions of the universe. But he is probably most famous for being the tutor of Alexander the Great when Alexander the Great was young. Phillip of Macedon, Alexander the Great's father, as he conquers the weakened city states after the Peloponnesian War, he also conquers Aristotle's home town of Stagira, and he enslaves the population. And so, when he goes to Aristotle to tutor his young son, who ends up being called Alexander the Great eventually, Aristotle says, okay, my fee will be free the people of my town. His town is freed, he tutors a young Alexander, when Alexander is in his early teens, and he also gets support for a center of learning. He creates a Lyceum, which is his version of Plato's Academy. And, just like you saw with Socrates and you see with Plato, Aristotle continued this tradition of a focus on learning and a humble acceptance of all that there might be in the world, this rationality that we now see in modern science, that you didn't see from a lot of the ancients, who were focused on the metaphysics and the gods. "It is the mark of an educated mind "to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it." And I'll leave you there, but the big takeaway is, going from Socrates, to Plato, to Aristotle, and there were many other Greek philosophers, you have the seed of what you could call modern rationality. Roughly 2,000 years later, you have the European Renaissance that starts reemerging many of these same ideas, all the way providing a bridge into the Enlightenment, and now our modern, hopefully fairly rational view of the world.

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Philosophy: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle (video) | Khan Academy

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

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By Paolo and Pamela
1) Philosophy overdose youtube channel is a collection of philosophy videos
https://www.youtube.com/user/soultorment27
2) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-development/
3) Philosophers'texts http://philosophy-index.com/texts.php

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1. What an IP address is

2. Private IP addresses

3. Public IP addresses
4. Static IP addresses
5. Dynamic IP addrsses

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An IP address, short for Internet Protocol address, is an identifying number for a piece of network hardware. Having an IP address allows a device to communicate with other devices over an IP-based network like the internet.

Most IP addresses look like this:

Other IP addresses you might come across could look more like this:

There's a lot more on what those differences mean in the IP Versions (IPv4 vs IPv6) section below.

An IP address provides an identity to a networked device. Similar to a home or business address supplying that specific physical location with an identifiable address, devices on a network are differentiated from one another through IP addresses.

If I'm going to send a package to my friend in another country, I have to know the exact destination. It's not enough to just put a package with his name on it through the mail and expect it to reach him. I must instead attach a specific address to it, which you could do by looking it up in a phone book.

This same general process is used when sending data over the internet. However, instead of using a phone book to look up someone's name to find their physical address, your computer uses DNS servers to look up a hostname to find its IP address.

For example, when I enter a website URL like www.lifewire.com into my browser, my request to load that page is sent to DNS servers that look up that hostname (lifewire.com) to find its corresponding IP address (151.101.65.121). Without the IP address attached, my computer will have no clue what it is that I'm after.

Even if you've heard of IP addresses before, you might not realize that there are specific types of IP addresses. While all IP addresses are made up of numbers or letters, not all addresses are used for the same purpose.

In short, private IP addresses are used "inside" a network, like the one you probably run at home, used by things like tablets, Wi-Fi cameras, wireless printers, desktops, etc. These types of IP addresses are used to provide a way for your devices to communicate with your router and all the other devices in your private network. Private IP addresses can be set manually or assigned automatically by your router.

Public IP addresses are used on the outside of your network and are assigned by your ISP. It's the main address that your home or business network uses to communicate with the rest of the networked devices around the world (i.e., the internet). It provides a way for the devices in your home, for example, to reach your ISP, and therefore the outside world, allowing them to do things like access websites and communicate directly with other people's computers.

Both private IP addresses and public IP addresses are either dynamic or static, which means that, respectively, they either change or they don't.

An IP address that is assigned by a DHCP server is a dynamic IP address. If a device doesn't have DHCP enabled or doesn't support it, then the IP address must be assigned manually, in which case it's called a static IP address.

Different devices and operating systems require unique steps to find the IP address. There are also different steps to take if you're looking for the public IP address provided to you by your ISP, or if you need to see the private IP address that your router handed out.

Public IP Address

There are lots of ways to find your router's public IP address, but sites like IP Chicken, WhatsMyIP.org, WhatIsMyIPAddress.com, or icanhazip.com make this super easy. These sites work on any network-connected device that supports a web browser, like your smartphone, iPod, laptop, desktop, tablet, etc.

nslookup myip.opendns.com. resolver1.opendns.com

Finding the private IP address of the specific device you're on isn't as simple.

Private IP Address

In Windows, you can find your device's local IP address via the Command Prompt, using the ipconfig command.

Linux users can launch a terminal window and enter the command hostname -I (that's a capital "i"), ifconfig, or ip addr show.

For macOS, use the command ifconfig to find your local IP address.

iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch devices show their private IP address through the Settings app in the Wi-Fi menu. To see it, just tap the small "i" button next to the network it's connected to.

You can see the local IP address of an Android device through Settings > Network & internet > Wi-Fi, or depending on your Android version, Settings > Wi-Fi or Settings > Wireless Controls > Wi-Fi settings. Just tap the network you're on to see a new window that shows network information that includes the private IP address. You might have to expand an Advanced area of the network's details page to see the private IP address.

There are two versions of IP: IPv4 and IPv6. If you've heard of these terms, you probably know that the former is the older, and now outdated, version while IPv6 is the upgraded IP version.

One reason IPv6 is replacing IPv4 is that it can provide a much larger number of IP addresses than IPv4 allows. With all the devices we have constantly connected to the internet, it's important that there's a unique address available for each one of them.

The way IPv4 addresses are constructed means it's able to provide over 4 billion unique IP addresses (2 ³²). While this is a very large number of addresses, it's just not enough for the modern world with all the different devices people are using on the internet.

Think about it - there are several billion people on earth. Even if everyone in the planet had just one device they used to access the internet, IPv4 would still be insufficient to provide an IP address for all of them.

IPv6, on the other hand, supports a whopping 340 trillion, trillion, trillion addresses (2 ¹²⁸). That's 340 with 12 zeros! This means every person on earth could connect billions of devices to the internet. True, a bit of an overkill, but you can see how effectively IPv6 solves this problem.

Visualizing this helps understand just how many more IP addresses the IPv6 addressing scheme allows over IPv4. Pretend a postage stamp could provide enough space to hold each and every IPv4 address. IPv6, then, to scale, would need the entire solar system to contain all of its addresses.

In addition to the greater supply of IP addresses over IPv4, IPv6 has the added benefit of no more IP address collisions caused by private addresses, plus auto-configuration, no reason for Network Address Translation (NAT), more efficient routing, easier administration, built-in privacy, and more.

IPv4 displays addresses as a 32-bit numerical number written in decimal format, like 207.241.148.80 or 192.168.1.1. Because there are trillions of possible IPv6 addresses, they must be written in hexadecimal to display them, like 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf.

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What Is an IP Address & What Are the Different Kinds of IP Addresses?

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An IP address, short for Internet Protocol address, is an identifying number for a piece of network hardware. Having an IP address allows a device to communicate with other devices over an IP-based network like the internet.