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Do we capitalise specific geographical regions - cardinal points?

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Do we capitalise specific geographical regions - cardinal points?

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This is tricky.

1.  We capitalize only if the place is referred to a specific geographic cardinal point.

E:.g.
A.  I have my brother coming from the North of Brazil.

B.  In the Nord of Brazil, we have many compounds and factories

C. Go east  two blocks away and then turn right.

D.  Turn left at the end of the road.

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Do we capitalise the 1st word in a complete phrase in a quotation? 

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Do we capitalise the 1st word in a complete phrase in a quotation? 

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Okay!  Here you need to be careful.  What's the trick?

1.  No capital letter if the quoted phrase is part or a continuous of sentence.

E.g.
He said: " he will not come tonight ".

2.  We need a capital letter if the quoted phrase is part or a continuous of sentence.

E.g.

Sergio told to the members of the jury, " The case is far from over. "

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Okay, this one is very tricky.

Let's try to understand the rules.

We normally capitalize the names of specific course titles.  However, it is good to mention that on the other side of the coin, we do not capitalise general academic subjects.

E.g.

At school, I took mathematics instead of Additional Mathematics.

I have taken science consisting of Biology, Chemistry & Physics.

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Teacher, what about the national anthem, does it need to be written in capital letter?

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Teacher, what about the national anthem, does it need to be written in capital letter?

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Despite that a national anthem is something in particular belonging to a particular country, we do not capitalize the national anthem.

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Do we need capital letter when opening quotation marks

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Do we need capital letter when opening quotation marks

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Yes, we always capitalize the first word in a complete quotation, even mid sentence.

E.g.:
James said, "T he trial is far from over, and we will not lose."

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Do you know some highest ranks in government, royalty or religion / church?

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Do you know some highest ranks in government, royalty or religion / church?

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They all need a capital letter.

E.g

The Duke of Cambridge.

The Prime Minister

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Religions and god are sacred.  Sometimes, I wonder if I need to capitalise on the first letter?  And, teacher one more question, what about civilizations?

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Religions and god are sacred.  Sometimes, I wonder if I need to capitalise on the first letter?  And, teacher one more question, what about civilizations?

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Yes please!

E.g.

1.  Hinduism
2.  Bible
3.  Vedic,
4.  Puran,
5.  Babylon
6.  Christ

But,
***  Do not capitalize heaven, hell, the devil, satanic.

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But, planets are already outside this world we live in.  Do they take an initial capital letter?

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But, planets are already outside this world we live in.  Do they take an initial capital letter?

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Unfortunately, the list is getting longer and the answer is yes!

E.g.

1.  Mars
2. Venus

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Let's say that I have names for natural and manmade landmarks such as monuments.  Do we still need?

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Let's say that I have names for natural and manmade landmarks such as monuments.  Do we still need?

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Yes, we still need.

E.g.

1.  Mount Everest,
2.  the Liffey Valley,
3.  the Hoover Dam

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Okay, here no race card but, I have one question, do I still need a capital letter for races, nationalities, and tribes?

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Okay, here no race card but, I have one question, do I still need a capital letter for races, nationalities, and tribes?

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Yes please!

E.g.
1.  Eskimo, N
2.  East Indian,
3.  Caucasian,
4.  African American
5.  Incas.

***  Note:
White & black in reference to race are lowercase)

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What happen if we are talking of a manmade structure?  I mean something built up by man.  Do we need a block letter?

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What happen if we are talking of a manmade structure?  I mean something built up by man.  Do we need a block letter?

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Yes!

E.g.

1.  the Empire State Building,
2.  the Taj Mahal
3. the Eiffel Tower

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Do we write names of institutions in block letter?

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Do we write names of institutions in block letter?

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Great stuff!!!
Yes, we have to write them in capital letter.

E.g.

1.  Oxford College,
2.  the Mozart School of Music,
3. Harvard University.

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But what about languages, do they need a capital letter?

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But what about languages, do they need a capital letter?

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Of course, all languages from whatsoever, places should be in block letter.

E.g.

In Chinese, we have different letters.

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Does historical episodes and eras need a capital letter?

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Does historical episodes and eras need a capital letter?

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Oh yes!!! no doubt...

E.g.

1. the American Revolutionary War,
2.  the Great Wall of Berlin
3. the Civil War in the 1950s.

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A real headache despite we have rules and it seems difficult to know what is rule and brand!

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A real headache despite we have rules and it seems difficult to know what is rule and brand!

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Please read below explanation careful to get a gist on the capitalization rule.

1.  where does it stop?
2.  When does the Syrian war become the Syrian War?
3.   Why is the legendary Hope Diamond not the Hope diamond?
4.  Everyone writes New York City, so why does the Associated Press Stylebook recommend New York state?

Obs:-
There aren't always easy formulas or logical explanations.

In the case of brand names, companies are of little help, because they capitalize any word that applies to their merchandise.

Domino's Pizza or Domino's pizza?

Is it Ivory Soap or Ivory soap, a Hilton Hotel or a Hilton hotel?

Most writers don't capitalize common nouns that simply describe the products (pizza, soap, hotel), but it's not always easy to determine where a brand name ends.

There is Time magazine but also the New York Times Magazine.

No one would argue with Coca-Cola or Pepsi Cola, but a case could be made for Royal Crown cola.

If a trademark starts with a lowercase word or letter (e.g., eBay, iPhone), many authorities advise capitalizing it to begin a sentence.

Example:

EBay opened strong in trading today.

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Time???
Really??? Since when time is in capital letter.

When I said < TIME >, I mean the days,  months, festival, commemoration .

E.g.

On Sunday, I walk to the park

In March, I will pay you.

On Eid, we were out of town.

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Do you know when to use a capital letter in English?  

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Do you know when to use a capital letter in English?  

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Perhaps, few things you may already know by now but, what do you think of refreshing the mind at the rules?

Okay! Let's get down to business.

Well, before let me tip you something.

Another common term for capital letter is block letter.

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Do you know the pronoun or subject of the first person in the singular?  It is the < I >.

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Do you know the pronoun or subject of the first person in the singular?  It is the < I >.

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Guys,
You should always use < I > in capital letter whenever, it is positioned in the text.

If it is located at the beginning, in the middle or at the end, the rule is < I > needs to be in big letter.

E.g.

John and I played tennis today.

He will go to the shop and I will go to the toilet.

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Do you know what are proper nouns or names?

They are classified as names:-
1.  Geographic places (countries, cities, continents, lakes and landmarks)
2.  Brands
3.  People (Thomas Moss, King Lear)
4.  Titles (Mr. Mrs. Miss. Ms.)
5.  Job titles (Dr., Prof., Software Engineer)
6.  Acronyms (G.P.)
7.  Firms & organisations.
8.  films & books
9.  Governmental matters (Social Welfare Plan, Congress, Department of Agriculture)
10.
,etc.

There is no excuse.  You MUST WRITE < the first letter of the pronoun > in capital letter.

COMMON MISTAKES:-

In Portuguese, we observed that there is a definite article < THE > before a proper noun or a name.  Please do not break this rule in English and add < THE > before the names.

Some examples to have a grasp on the explanation.

A.  O Paulo gosto de mim.
Paul loves me.
The Paul loves me.

A.  O Honda é um bom carro.
Honda is a good car.
The Honda is a good car.

--------------------

***   We capitalise titles when they are used before names, unless the title is followed by a comma.
Do not capitalize the title if it is used after a name or instead of a name.

E.g.

1. C hairman of the B oard Thomas Moss will chair the meeting.

The chairman of the board, William Bly, will chair the meeting.

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There is no excuse when starting off a sentence, you MUST USE a < capital letter >.

E.g.

You must do this!