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1) Structural Analysis- load determination on physical structure which includes analysis of stress so that behavior of structure can be determined.

2) Main parameters in sizing:- mass, load, moment of inertia, volume, stress and strain.

3) Validation is a process to determine the specification meets customer's requirement while verification is a step taken to ensure the process/program meets the specification of a system.

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1. Structural analysis is the determination of the effects of loads on physical structures and their component
2.

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1) Structural analysis is the interpretation of structural design effect from any load given depending on the structural design purpose
2) Main parameters in sizing the structure
- melting point
- density
- ultimate tensile strength
- load
- elastic modulus
- fracture point
3) Verification is done by the designer. Validation is done by the customer

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Structural analysis is used to determine the effects of different types of loads like tension, compression and torsion acting on the spacecraft structure.
Main parameters for spacecraft sizing are total impulse and thrust level of thrusters.
Validation is to evaluate the design product by the customer service while verification is to determine if design meets requirements by the designer.

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1) Structural analysis is a method which is we examine the structure to withstand load and observed its behavior (Stress and Strain)

2) The main parameter in sizing the structures:
-Stress and Strain
-Load

3)Validation is the process of checking whether the specification which is the customer’s need

Verification is the process of checking the reliability of the specifications

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1) Structural analysis is the determination of the effects of load on a real structure by using calculations or simulation of its simplified model in finite element analysis with given parameters, variables and boundaries. The outcome would not be entirely exact due to absence of real factors but it might gives us some insights or picture of how the structure will perform.
2) The parameters needed to construct a spacecraft structure is the mass, dimensions, stresses due to internal and external forces, thermal stress
3) Verification is a step done by designer/modeler. Validation is done by the demander/customer .

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main parameters
- size(volume)
-mass
-stiffness

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1. Structural analysis - to determine if loads give effects on physical structures and their components. Example: Analysis of mechanical design loads associated with space flight, orbital and ground environment, as well as derivation of test loads and requirements
2. Physical properties - size, mass and power
3. Validation - process of checking whether the specification captures the customer's need. Verification -

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1. Structural analysis is a process when we do a research, read through data and to build a structure, for example load cycle modeling, piece-part analysis and also fracture and fatigue analysis.

2.  launch loads with strength and stiffness dominating design,  brackets, closeout panels, most deployable components; sizing depends on on-orbit factors.

3. verification = we as designer determine ourself
validation = by customer whether we meet their

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Structural analysis is the study of the effects of loads on the physical structure of a component or object. Example, stress, strain. To find the limitations of an object and it's it's characteristics to find the best material to accommodate a certain objective

2) Mass, dimensions, spacecraft stiffness, stress, strain, load, bending,

Output : natural frequency and natural mode shape.

3) verification: Testing to meet your specifications

Validation: explanation on how well you addressed the business needs

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1.Structural analysis is study of the physical effect structure for certain load.which include stress strain torsion. Strenght of structure so it can withstand certain physical requirement.
2.Main parameter in sizing are analysing strenght such as stifness and stress and mass propeties such as centre of gravity and dynamic balancing
3.verification is a process of checking software that meets specification by designer while validation is process checking it meets the specification from customers.

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1. to choose the most efficient and cost effective technical solution. Example: Acoustic Test
2.Mass, dimensions, spacecraft stiffness, stress, strain, load, volume, centroid, inertia. Output of this process is able to determine the stresses experienced by spacecraft during launch.

3.Validate- process of checking whether the specification captures the customer's needs
Verification- is the process of checking that the design meets the specification by customer.

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1.Structural analysis is the determination of the effects of loads on physical structures and their components.Structures subject to this type of analysis include all that must with stand loads

2.Stress,Strain,Load,Temperature,Young's  modulus of the material.

3.verification-is an essential step in the development of any product. Also referred to as qualification testing,  verification ensures that the product as designed is the same as the product as intended.

validation are independent procedures that are used together for checking that a product, service, or system meets requirements and specifications and that it fulfills its intended purpose.

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Q1.
It is the analysis on the spacecraft design loads when in space flight or in ground environment.
For example, fracture analysis of spacecraft when in space flight.
http://www.esa.int/TEC/Structures/SEM64QLJC0F_0.html
Q2.
The parameters are size, weight, power.
For example, for propulsion system, the sizing parameters are total impulse and the number of thrusters.
Q3.
For example, verification is mechanical analysis . Validation is the the customer's requirement.

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1) Structural analysis is a study to determine the effects of load on structures and their components.
2) - mass properties and spacecraft stiffness
- so that we can determine stresses experienced by spacecraft
during launch
3) validation - the process of checking whether the design specification meets the customer's need.
verification - the process of checking whether the design meets the specification

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1. Is the analysis on the effects of loads on a physical structure or component. The results are interpreted to word form.
2. Parameters: mass/weight, temperature, stiffness, area
3. Verification is more concern on whether the system is well-functioned, high quality and the usefulness.
Validation is the process of checking the specification which proposed by the customer.

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1. Structural analysis is the determination of the effects of loads and forces  (=stresses) on the physical structures and their components.

2. Main parameters are maximum load, stress & strain.

3. Validation makes subjective assessment of how well the proposed project meets the real-world's need. Verification involves activities associated to produce high quality projects.
Examples:
Validation : Are we building the right system?
Verification : Are we building the system right?

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1) Structural analysis is the analysis to determine the effects of loads and environment on physical structures and their components.

Example, a satellite is analyse using FEM software to find the mechanical properties.

2) Main parameters in sizing the structure are mass properties. The output are center of gravity of s/c, payload size and polar moment of inertia of s/c.

3) Verification is decide by engineer or designer to capture the customers' needs.

Validation is made to meet the customers' requirements.

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1. Use to determine preliminary loads and environment that will be used in design and testing phase

Example : Finite Element Method

2. Main parameters:
- Cost
- Stress
- Strain
- Dimensions
- Weight
- Center of gravity
- Surface area
With all these parameters, we will able to obtain a product that can works efficiently.

3.
Validation is where the specification needed by customers is checked whether it reaches the specification o not.
Verification is where the software is checked to meets the specification.

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1. Structure analysis is study about force acting on the design and how to overcome or to handle all the applied load toward the structure. Structure analysis also include study about size of the structure to hold other subsystem.
2. Main parameter in sizing is the dimension of subsystem that need to place on the structure.

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1.
Structural analysis is the determination of effects of loads (stresses, deformation, support reactions, etc.) acting on a physical structure, allowing the verification of a structure's fitness of use way before physical tests are conducted.

2.
Main parameters are size and weight. The outputs of this include total volume, density, centre of mass, mass moments of inertia and principal axes of inertia.

3.
Verification: The evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. It is often an internal process.
Validation: The assurance that a product, service, or system meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. It often involves acceptance and suitability with external customers.

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1.It is the analysis of the effects of various loads and components on the s/c structure. FEM can be used for the analysis.

2. analysing the s/c stiffness and mass properties and from this we can obtain the maximum load or stress the s/c could handle

3.verification is to check whether it meets specification and validation is to check whether the specification is what the customer wants

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1) Structural analysis is mainly to test the reliability of the structure design of a product (satellite). This can be done through Finite element analysis or physical testing such as compression and tensile test.

FEM analysis

2) Main parameters: Mission goal, mass, material chosen

Output: Lighter weight with high performance satellite. Increase the reliability of the satellite while eliminating the unnecessary parts.

3) Verification is done by the engineer who will go through different type of testing regardless physical or computer aid. This is to verify the performance and structural design of the satellite.

Validation is the process of checking whether the product requirements meet the customer's expectations.

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1. Measurement in vary elements that build up the systems in order to discover the  importance in their interrelationships or its goals or purpose.
2. Main parameters: mass of spacecraft, strength and stiffness of spacecraft, orbital parameters
3. Validication: concerned to meet the requirement of customer
Verification: concerned the system to be well-engineered, error-free and so on.

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1) The analysis of overall structural configuration  when loads are applied to the structure.
2) Strength - Stress & Strain
Stiffness - Tension & Compression
Loads - Mass, random loads
Safety factor
Internal and external pressure
Stability
3) Verification - A process to check whether it meet the specification
Validation - the process of ensuring that the specification that the customer need is fulfilled

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Q1. Structural analysis is the determination of the effects of loads on physical structures and their components.

Example:
1. Analytical
2.Complex
Q2.

i) Mass properties
ii) Dimension
iii) Strength (Stress)
iv)

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Structural analysis is to examination of the different components or elements that make up an organization or system, to discover their interrelationships and relative importance in the realization of its goals or purpose. Finite element method.

2)payload’s size and characteristics , bus system,  attitude determination and control subsystem, communication subsystem, power subsystem, space enviroment and launch vechicle.

Main parameters include
-temperature
-Young's modulus
-stress
-ultimate stress
-stiffness
-hardness
-voltage

3)Validate- process of checking whether the specification of spacecraft achieve the customer's needs
Verification-process of checking that the spacecraft meets the specification

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Structural analysis is a study and determination of the effects of loads and/or physical stress on the structure and its components.

The main parameters in sizing the structures are :

1. Spacecraft stiffness
2. Mass properties
a) Weight
b) Volume
c) Center of gravity
d) Moment of inertia

Verification is the evaluation as to whether or not the design/product complies with regulations and requirements.

Validation is the evaluation of design/product to make sure it satisfies the customer's request.

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1. Structural Analysis
A structural analysis is an analysis done on examining the structure in terms of its reliability.

For example, a satellite is tested via a tension testing  or compression testing so that its tensile and compressive strength can be determined.

A structural analysis is very important as it lets us know the threshold level of the structure withstanding all the loads applied to it.

2. Main Parameters in Sizing the Structure and Output of the Process
The main parameters in sizing the structure are as follow:
cost, area, volume, stress, strain and Young's Modulus
The output of the process is:

3. Difference between Verification and Validation
Verification is done by the producers to ensure the product meets the specification while validation is done by the customers to ensure the product fulfills the needs.

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1.
Structural analysis is the analysis that undergoes to understand the effect of the loads that apply to the structure and the structure's componenets.

Example: Beaam , Truss , Frame

2.
Main parameters including Young's Modulus , Load , Strain .

3.
Validation is the process of evaluation at the end of the development process to determine whether the things that have been evaluated meets the customer expectations and requirements. The objective of verification is to make sure that the product being meet the specific requirements and design specification of the product.

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Make infographic on Type of Structural Test for Satellite. Use any of infographic apps :

https://piktochart.com/
https://www.canva.com/
https://www.thinglink.com/

Each group should share the infographic here before the class finish.

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1. What does it means by structural analysis? Give example
2. What are the main parameters in sizing the structure. what is the output of this process?
3. Differentiate Verification and Validation