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- Currently, Orang Asia are no longer associated merely with forest produce gathering and hunting.
- Rattan harvesting was an important source of income in the 1600's and early 1990's when the resources were plenty
- Non-timber forest produce resources are depleting
- some of them have engaged in modern agricultural activities and the modern manufacturing sector

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- Temiar, Temuan, Jakun and Semai communities practice permanent   agriculture - rubber, oil palm or cocoa farms.
- Temiar communities are provided with an option by the Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority (RISDA) with 7 acres of land per family outside the water catchment reserve to be planted with rubber or oil palm.

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- Semai, Temiar, Che Wong, Jahut, Semelai and Semoq Beri engage in swiddening (hill rice cultivation). They also trade in petai, durian, rattan and resins to earn cash incomes.

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- In Peninsular Malaysia, fishing is the chief occupation for coastal communities such as orang Laut, Seletar and Mahmeri.

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- Forest resources are important to the indigenous peoples in Malaysia, especially the aborigines (Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia and in Sabah and Sarawak.
- Traditionally, they depends on the natural resources to sustain their livelihood.
- Some of them have engaged in modern agricultural activities
- The lifestyle and means of subsistence of Orang Asli varies.
- There are four main economic activities of Orang Asli: Fishing, Hill rice cultivation, agriculture, and hunting.

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From the social structural and organization aspects, the Orang Asli community still preserve the importance of co-operation in their daily life leadership systems call the Lembaga Adat.

Firstly, the ‘batin” (Chieftain) is responsible to look after and safeguard the well-being of his tribesmen.  He is also the contact person with the outside world.  As the Chieftain, he has the authority to determine regulations for his tribe and impose punishment on those who have made mistakes or offences.

Orang Asli also believe in religious intermediaries (shaman) or the bomoh whose role is to conduct rituals.

In some of the Orang Asli’s community, there has an assistance (jawatan mentari) that act as an advisor of “batin”.

The headman of the village or penghulu will be the 4th level of the organisation.

Meanwhile, the villagers of Orang Asli will choose a “jurukerah” that help the headman to make houses and their social structure has shown the value of co-operation or “bergotong-royong” in their daily life.

At last, the Sentin will be the lowest level that help the jurukerah on works.

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Penaliq - where the mixing of food from different habitats is forbidden. This ensures that the community's food resources are not ever-exploited and over consumption

Terlaiq - Another taboo especially imposed on young children to ensure that they do not mock or harm other living beings, especially insects and small animals

Srrnlong - Ensuring agreements are kept. Breaking an arrangement without following the customs will place the other party in a vulnerable state, exposing him to injury or harm

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The day of their marriage;

Both of them need to 'berinai' at their own houses.

The grooms need to cut their hair.

Both of them needs to take a bath with a water that contains a few slices of lemon that have been spell for a good reason.

The groom and bride will wear their beautiful wedding dress in their respective houses. The bride will be wearing the wedding dress that have been given by the groom which are called 'Salin Tiga' dress.

The couple cannot leave their village for 3 days after married to avoid being disturb by evil spirits.

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When there is a death in the village,

All the members of the village will gather around the house of the person who had died and stop their other work because they are afraid that the spirit of the person will get angry.

The body will be buried the next day, so at night all the villagers will stand guard at the house of the person who died until morning to make sure that the bad spirit will not bother the dead person.

Flame will be lit around the house to chase away bad spirit that cause the dead of the person.

The children will be given talisman by smudging charcoal on both of their eyebrows or on both of their sole.

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In order to protect baby and to get healthy baby , both of parents (father and mother) must not perform this case:
* Don't get close to animals as the animal will harm the baby such as snake and monkey
* Don't get close to death people
* Don't install or nail any part in the house
* Don't eat pork, venison (daging rusa) and partridge (ayam hutan)
* Don't praise the newborn baby

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The standard of education  among the Orang Asli  people as an indigenous ethnic in Malaysia is still at low level. The majority of the Orang Asli people receive formal education only at the primary level.

There is a significant trend where the majority of students who completed their primary education will drop out from secondary school. Hence, only 2% of Orang Asli people have been successful in advancing their higher education in tertiary institutions.

The problems are commonly associated with several factors,  including student's attitudes, awareness among parents about education, local culture, school leadership, school environment,  and problems related to the teaching and learning process.

Transportation is also a major hurdle for Orang Asli students to go to school. Some settlements don’t have proper road links to schools, and the only way to reach the nearest school is to use rivers. Travelling by longboats to these schools can be dangerous, as the rivers can turn very turbulent during the landas (wet) season, between November and February.

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The Semai believed that man evolved from the four elements, which are

The human body (Jasad)

spirit/will (Semangat)

ghost/spirit (Roh)

angels (Malaikat)

Among the Semai people, there is the believe that human life is being controlled by the "superhuman" that are believed to exist around them. Overall , "Superhuman Beings" divided into three Nyenaang, Maklikat and Nyaniik.

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- The Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia wore clothing made from natural materials such as tree barks like the terap, and grass skirts.
- Ornaments include headbands made of woven leaves with different patterns.

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Orang Asli are traditionally animists, where they believe in the presence of spirits in various objects. Animism is the belief that all things have a spirit or soul, including animals, plants, rivers, mountains, stars, the moon, and the sun. Each being is considered a spirit that can offer help or harm to humans. As such, spirits must either be worshiped or appeased. Animists offer sacrifices, prayers, dances, or other forms of devotions to these spirits in hopes of blessing upon areas of life (crops, health, fertility, etc.) or for protection from harm.

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Indigenous tribes - Orang Asli Sewang Dance

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Let's-yah/dohh
Let's eat-dohh machipp
Let's sleep-Yah/dohh maktip
Let's take a walk-yah/dohh makchup
Study-blaje
Drink-bukk
I-yekk
You-bokk
We-yamm
Love-chinta
Like-sukak
Car-keta
Motorcycle-mutu
Slipper-kasut
Climbing-luek
Tree-ehuk
Bath-endai
Already eaten-yek chipp

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Type of fish traps.

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Basket craft of orang asli

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Arts

1. Sewang is a traditional dance.

2. Temuan songs include healing ritual songs (sawai or sewang ) with buluh limbong accompaniment.

3. Akar Umbi (meaning 'tap root') is live renditions of the songs.

4. Hari Moyang -Ancestors Day is held to commemorate the grandmother ancestor . It's an important event in the calendar of the Orang Asli in Malaysia.

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Traditional weapon used by the Orang Asli tribe for hunting and during the older days, warfare

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Food

1. Ubi kayu kennem – Ubi kayu kennem is grated tapioca that is soaked in water till it starts to ferment. The fermented tapioca is then cooked as fritters.

2. Lemang- Lemang is glutinous rice that is wrapped in banana leaf and filled into bamboo logs.

3. Ketupat - Rice cakes that are cooked in coconut leaves. Coconut leaves are weaved together to form little pockets. The pockets are filled with rice and steamed till the rice puffs up and fills the coconut pocket

4. Umbut Bayas Masak Lemak- It is a scrumptious palm pith curry which is again cooked in bamboo logs.

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Background & Demography

Orang Asli (lit. "original people", "natural people" or "aboriginal people" in Malay) are the indigenous people and the oldest inhabitants of Peninsular Malaysia. Officially, there are 18 Orang Asli tribes, categorised under three main groups according to their different languages and customs:

Semang (or Negrito), generally confined to the northern portion of the peninsula. They are found in Perak, Kedah and Pahang of Malaysia.[

Senoi, residing in the central region.  They are the most numerous of the Orang Asli and widely distributed across the peninsula. The Senois speak various branches of Aslian languages which in turn a branch of Austroasiatic languages

Proto-Malay (or Aboriginal Malay), in the southern region.
The Proto-Malays are believed to be seafarers knowledgeable in oceanography and possessing advanced fishing as well as basic agricultural skills. Over the years, they settled in various places and adopted various customs and religions as a result of acculturation and inter-marriage with most of the people they come in contact with Orang Asli tribes such as the Semang and Senoi peoples.

The Semang and Senoi groups, are Austroasiatic-speaking. The Proto-Malays, who speak Austronesian languages, migrated to the area between 2500 and 1500 BC.